The Canadian Constitution dates back to Confederation. In 1867, the British Parliament passed the British North America Act, the founding document of Canada as an independent nation. Drafted by Canadians who became known as the Fathers of Confederation, the document stated that "The Executive Government and Authority of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in The Queen".

In 1982, the Canadian Parliament passed the Constitution Act 1982, which provided, for the first time in our country's history, a way of amending or changing the Constitution without having to obtain the approval of the British Parliament each time a change was required. This patriation or "bringing home" of the Canadian Constitution did not alter The Queen's status in Canada as Head of State. Her personal representative in Canada remains the Governor General, whose powers and authorities are detailed in the Letters Patent Constituting the Office of the Governor General of Canada" (1 October 1947).

As in many constitutional monarchies, there is a clear separation in roles between the Head of State and the Head of Government. Canada's Head of State is The Queen who is represented by the Governor General. The Governor General is appointed by The Queen on the advice of the Canadian Prime Minister; Canada's Head of Government is the Prime Minister who is an elected representative.