Executive summary

Leger Marketing Inc. (Leger) is pleased to present this report to Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) on the findings from the National Adaptation Strategy (NAS) quantitative survey, designed to learn about the vulnerabilities that people living in Canada are facing from climate change.

Background and objectives

More and more evidence is pointing to the urgency for climate action, underscoring the need for communities to adapt to the changing climate and prepare for the most challenging impacts of climate change. A noticeable increase in extreme weather events across Canada, particularly extreme weather events in B.C. and Atlantic Canada in 2021, have made the importance of adapting to a changing climate top of mind for people living in Canada.

Under the strengthened climate plan, released in December 2020, A Healthy Environment and a Healthy Economy, the Government of Canada committed to develop a National Adaptation Strategy (NAS) to build on the successes of the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change and create a more ambitious, strategic, and collaborative approach to climate adaptation. The NAS establishes a shared vision for climate resilience in Canada, identifies key priorities for increased collaboration and establishes a framework for measuring progress at the national level.

The NAS provides a blueprint for whole of society action to help communities and residents of Canada better adapt to and prepare for the impacts of climate change. A crucial part of determining what actions are feasible or would be easily adopted by residents is to first understand their opinions and perspectives on climate change. Therefore, a survey was developed to ask people living in Canada about recent experiences they have had, their feelings towards climate change, and what they are currently doing to adapt.

The survey was designed to provide Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) with insights on:

· Whether Canadians understand the impacts of climate change and its effects on health and safety of Canadians, the environment, and socio-economic system;

· Whether Canadians are aware of governmental actions being taken to adapt to the impacts of climate change;

· What adaptation solutions Canadians are aware of in their communities and beyond, and whether they would support increased investments for these solutions;

· What language and framing resonates with Canadians in terms of adapting and building resilience to the impacts of climate change and increasing literacy on this issue.

Similar to the way the NAS is laid out, the survey also focused on five systems, Disaster Resilience, Health and Wellbeing, Natural Environment, Resilient Infrastructure, and the Economy, where participants were asked individual questions pertaining to each of these systems.

Intended use of the research

The findings of the survey will be used in the development of policies, programs and initiatives, pertaining to the NAS to improve communications, to gain critical insights on the opinions, issues, and challenges Canadians are facing, and to better prepare communities for the impacts of climate change.

Methodology

This public opinion research was conducted via a hybrid approach, using Computer Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) technology and Computer Aided Web Interviewing (CAWI) technology. Fieldwork for the survey was carried out from June 23^rd to August 2^nd, 2022. A total of 2,008 Canadians aged 18 or older were surveyed, with a focus on those who have been most affected by climate change impacts. Detailed information on the communities that were included in the sampling procedure is presented in Appendix A.2. The survey targeted the general population and individuals who have been most affected by climate change impacts, who were originally supposed to be targeted via telephone. However, considering the response rate and the numbers available, data collection maximized web respondents to help reach the objectives. Ultimately, the sample included 1,000 respondents living in a community that is impacted by climate change, making up half of the overall sample. The average length of interview was 16 minutes and 35 seconds on the web, and 27 minutes on the phone. Leger used their panel to target randomized people for the general population and for the web portion and used their phone lists for the telephone interviews for the populations most impacted by climate change. The response rates for both the web and phone portions of the survey were 15%, meaning for every 100 calls (or web survey ads), 15 people completed the survey. Since panel-based samples are not probabilistic in nature, no margin of error can be calculated.

Weighting was done according to age, gender, province, education, spoken language, presence of children in the household, and belonging to a community that is most affected by climate change or not, to help readjust the sample for minor imbalances.

Leger adheres to the most stringent guidelines for quantitative research. The survey instrument was compliant with the Standards of Conduct of Government of Canada Public Opinion Research.

A complete methodological description is provided in the Appendices section of this document (please see Appendix A).

The total estimated value of this contract amounts to CAD $56,500 (including HST).

Overview of the findings

Sensibility and habits

· A vast majority of respondents consider climate change to be an important issue (86%), and eight in ten are concerned about its impacts on Canada (79%).

· Climate change impacts have become more severe according to seven in ten respondents (70%).

· Canadians have somewhat negative attitudes towards climate change as they are afraid of its impacts, and around half of them feel sad and helpless (53% and 52% respectively). However, respondents remain optimistic as they are motivated to do what they can to protect themselves (83%), and six in ten believe there will be adaptation solutions (61%).

· According to respondents, having a list of actions that they can take (52%) and better understanding the positive and direct impacts of changing some of their habits (49%) are the most efficient ways for Canadians to help themselves and their families to adapt to the impacts of climate change.

· Three in four (77%) Canadians believe they could be doing more to adapt to the future impacts of climate change.

Climate change impacts

· Rated on a 10-level scale, planting vegetation (7.5), having an emergency kit (6.8), and rainwater harvesting (6.5) were considered to be the most impactful actions in terms of reducing an individual’s risk to climate change impacts, while wildfire management (7.1), stormwater, flood or erosion management (7.0), drought management (7.0) are the most impactful in reducing the community's risk to climate change.

· More frequent extreme weather and climate events (55%), reduced glacier cover (45%), and sea-level rise (43%) are the top three impacts of climate change according to respondents.

· Seven in ten respondents (70%) predict that climate change will become more serious within the next 5 to 10 years.

· Respondents are somewhat aware of climate change impacts on different aspects: around three in four consider that our environment, our infrastructure, our security, and our health and well-being are already being impacted by climate change.

· In terms of infrastructure specifically, water (79%) and energy and utilities (70%) are the aspects Canadians are most worried about. In terms biodiversity, freshwater ecosystems (56%) are considered the most worrisome, while agriculture (75%), forestry (65%) and fisheries (61%) are the sectors people are most concerned about of the Canadian economy when it comes to climate change.

Awareness of government actions to adapt to climate change

· Three in four respondents believe that more could be done for them to feel prepared (74%) for more impacts of climate change in the future.

· Only 5% of surveyed Canadians had heard of the National Adaptation Strategy prior to the survey, and a majority of those who did could not describe their understanding of it (63%).

· Around half of respondents were not aware of measures being implemented in their respective communities (51%), but those who were mentioned urban greening initiatives (18%) and updated flood maps (14%) mainly.

· The most important reasons to adapt to climate change according to respondents are to protect our agriculture and food production (70%), and for future generations (61%).

· Half of respondents said that they are part of a community (50%), but one in five noted that they are not close enough to people in their community to ask for a favour (20%).

Those most affected by climate change impacts

· A vast majority of respondents have experienced a climate-related event (81%), heatwaves being the most common one (59%).

· These climate-related events have caused a variety of impacts on communities and households, including physical health problems (18%), house/property damage (16%) and mental health problems (15%).

· Around one individual in ten who have experienced a climate-related event expected more actions to be taken by their provincial (29%) and federal (31%) government. These two institutions also come out at the top of the list in terms of support expectations (federal government: 31%; provincial/territorial government: 30%)

· Most respondents said it took less than a year for their life to return to normal (59%).

· Three in four of those who have been most affected by climate change impacts said they were concerned about the future considering how the event they experienced was managed (73%).

How people who have been most affected by climate change impacts differ from the rest

· Overall, respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts were more likely to consider climate change to be an important issue, and they were also more concerned about it.

· They were more likely to think that the issue has gotten worse and that it will become more serious within the next 5 to 10 years.

· While they showed more negative attitudes towards climate change (e.g., sadness, helplessness), they were still motivated to protect themselves and were hopeful of solutions.

· They were more likely to feel that climate change impacts the economy, the environment, health and well-being, security, infrastructure, and Canadian culture and identity.

· Around one in four of those who have been most affected by climate change impacts considered themselves more at risk than the communities around them, and they were more likely to report experiencing most climate-related events. Around a third of them expected more actions to be taken by their provincial and federal government, and eight in ten feel that more should be done for them to feel prepared.

Phrasing and wording preferences

· When asked about their favorite term referring to adaptation to climate change impacts, "Preparing for climate change" came out as the most preferred term (23%), closely followed by climate preparedness (20%).

· The sentences using the term "climate preparedness" harnessed the most support from respondents.

· French-speakers also seemed to like the term "adaptive capacity" (capacité d'adaptation / adaptabilité). While they did not express their preference for the term explicitly, they were more likely to agree with the statements using this phrasing.

· English-speakers preferred the term "climate preparedness".

Notes on interpretation of the research findings

The views and observations expressed in this document do not reflect those of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This report was compiled by Leger, based on the research conducted specifically for this project.

Political neutrality certification

Research Firm: Leger Marketing Inc. (Leger)

Contract Number: K1F70-221148/001/CY

Contract award date: 2022-03-31

Leger Marketing Inc. hereby certifies that the deliverables fully comply with the Government of Canada political neutrality requirements outlined in the Policy on Communications and Federal Identity and the Directive on the Management of Communications. Specifically, the deliverables do not include information on electoral voting intentions, political party preferences, standings with the electorate, or ratings of the performance of a political party or its leaders.

Signed:

Christian Bourque

Senior Researcher, Léger

Date: March 21, 2022

Introduction

Environment and Climate Change Canada conducted a survey in Canada regarding the impacts of climate change and the National Adaptation Strategy. The survey was designed to provide insight into the views of Canadians and those who have been most affected by climate change impacts on how they are being impacted by climate change and the efforts they have put in place to adapt.

This public opinion research was conducted via a hybrid approach, using both web and telephone survey technologies, through Computer Aided Web Interviewing (CAWI) and Computer Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) technology. The fieldwork for the survey was carried out from June 23^rd to August 2^nd,2022. A total of 2,008 Canadians aged 18 or older were surveyed, with a focus on those who have been most affected by climate change impacts.

Z-Tests at a 95% confidence level have been used to uncover significant differences between subgroups.

Note 1: Numbers were rounded to the nearest percentage, as such, totals may not always equal 100%.

Note 2: In graphs, statements starting with “Net…” correspond to variables calculated from the original response modalities. For example, if the question asked respondents if something was “very important” or “somewhat important”, the “Net important” statement combines the value of both options (e.g., if 20% of respondents voted “very important”, while 15% voted “somewhat important”, the “net important” value would be 35%).

Detailed survey results

1. Sensibility and habits

1.1 Importance of the climate change issue

A vast majority of respondents consider that climate change is an important issue for all Canadians (86%), and more than half consider it a very important issue (53%). Only around one in ten (13%) did not consider climate change to be an important issue.

Figure 1: Importance of the climate change issue

This graph shows the perceived importance of the climate change issue among Canadians. The breakdown is as follows:
Net important: 86%;
Very important: 53%;
Somewhat important: 33%;
Net unimportant: 13%;
Somewhat not important: 6%;
Not important at all: 7%;
I prefer not to answer: 0%.

Q1. To what extent do you feel climate change is an important issue for all Canadians? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

The following subgroups were significantly more likely to consider that climate change is an important issue for all Canadians:

· Women (90%) compared to men (82%).

· Respondents from Quebec (91%) and the Atlantic regions (94%) compared to Ontario (83%).

· Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts (91%) compared to those who do not (85%).

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event (91%) compared to those who did not (66%).

1.2 Level of concern about climate change and its impacts

Around eight in ten respondents said they were personally concerned about climate change and its impacts on Canada (79%), with only around one in ten (20%) not being concerned.

Figure 2: Level of concern about climate change and its impacts

This graph shows Canadians' level of concern about climate change and its impacts. The breakdown is as follows:
Net concerned: 79%;
Very concerned: 40%;
Somewhat concerned: 39%;
Net not concerned: 20%;
Not very concerned: 12%;
Not concerned at all: 8%;
I prefer not to answer: 1%.

Q2. How concerned are you personally about climate change and its impacts on Canada? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

The following subgroups were significantly more likely to be concerned about climate change and its impacts on Canada:

· Women (84%) compared to men (74%).

· Respondents from Quebec (83%) and British Columbia (86%).

· Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts (85%) compared to those who do not (78%).

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event recently (85%) compared to those who did not (51%).

1.3 Perceived evolution of climate change impacts

Seven in ten respondents (70%) felt that climate change impacts have gotten more severe over the past two years, while around one in four (27%) felt they stayed the same. A very small minority (2%) felt they had gotten less severe.

Figure 3: Perceived evolution of climate change impacts

This graph shows Canadians' perception of the evolution of climate change impacts over the past two years. The breakdown is as follows:
More severe: 70%;
Stayed the same: 27%;
Less severe: 2%;
I prefer not to answer: 1%.

Q3. Over the past two years, do you feel climate change impacts (e.g., extreme heat waves, storms, flooding, forest fires, sea level rise, etc.) have become more severe, less severe or stayed the same? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

The following subgroups were significantly more likely to consider that climate change impacts have become more severe:

· Women (75%) compared to men (64%).

· Respondents who are 55 years old and over (74%).

· Respondents from Quebec (75%) compared to Ontario (63%).

· Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts (76%) compared to those who do not (68%).

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event (76%) compared to those who did not (41%).

1.4 Attitudes towards climate change

The majority of respondents have negative attitudes towards climate change. Around two in three were afraid of its impact on their community (68%) (23% totally agreed, 45% somewhat agreed) and on themselves, their friends and their loved ones’ lives (67%) (26% totally agreed, 41% somewhat agreed). Around one in two felt sad (53%) (17% totally agreed, 36% somewhat agreed) and helpless (52%) (14% totally agreed, 38% somewhat agreed), and only one in four was not concerned (25%) (10% totally agreed, 15% somewhat agreed). However, respondents remained optimistic, as over eight in ten respondents were motivated to do what they can to protect themselves, their family, their community or their house from climate change (83%) (31% totally agreed, 52% somewhat agreed), and around six in ten are confident that there will be solutions (61%) (23% totally agreed, 45% somewhat agreed). Around one third (32%) (6% totally agreed, 26% somewhat agreed) agreed that they did not have enough knowledge about it to form an opinion.

Figure 4: Attitudes towards climate change – Total Agree (Totally + Somewhat Agree)

Q4. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? In general, when it comes to adapting to climate change, ... Base: All respondents (n=1,911)

Figure 5: A breakdown of the attitudes towards climate change

Q4. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? In general, when it comes to adapting to climate change, ... Base: All respondents (n=1,911).

Overall, women, younger respondents, those from British Columbia and those who were most affected by climate change had a more negative attitude towards climate change impacts. Details about the different subgroups follow:

· Women were significantly more likely to be concerned (77% compared to 68% of men disagreed with the statement “I am not concerned”), to be afraid of climate change impacts on their community (73% compared to 63%) and on them, their friends and loved ones’ lives (72% compared to 63%), and to feel sad (60% compared to 45%) and helpless (57% compared to 46%). However, they were also more likely to agree with not having enough knowledge to form an opinion (36% compared to 28%) but were also motivated to do what they can to protect themselves than men (87% compared to 80%).

· Younger respondents (18-34 years old) were more likely to be afraid of the impacts of climate change on them, their friends and loved ones’ lives (74%) and to feel helpless (64%) and sad (64%) about climate change impacts. They were also less confident that there would be solutions (54%) in the future.

· Respondents from British Columbia were significantly more likely to be afraid of the impacts of climate change on their community (79%) and on themselves (76%), but they were also more likely to be motivated to do what they can to protect themselves (90%).

· Respondents who were most affected by climate change community were more likely to be afraid of climate change impacts on themselves, their friends and their loved ones (77% compared to 66%) and on their community (75% compared to 67%), to feel helpless (58% compared to 51%) and sad (58% compared to 52%), but they were also more likely to be motivated to do what they could to protect themselves and their family, community, or house (87% compared to 82%).

1.5 Measures to help adapt to the impacts of climate change

Respondents were given a list of adaptation actions and were asked to vote for the most helpful ways to adapt to climate change. Obtaining a list of actions respondents can take and developing a better understanding of the positive and direct impacts of changing some of their habits to increase their resilience to climate change were the most helpful measures according to respondents (52% and 49%, respectively), followed by using a website or an app to plan their approach with regular reminders (28%). Around one in five respondents (19%) did not think any of these measures would be helpful.

Figure 6: Measures to help adapt to the impacts of climate change

Q5. Which of the following would help you to do more in a concrete way to help you and your family to adapt to the impacts of climate change (e.g., to protect yourself from flooding, wildfires, heatwaves, coastal erosion, permafrost thaw, etc.)? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Note: Respondents were able to give up to three answers, total mentions may exceed 100%.

Some significant differences include:

· Women were significantly more likely to think that having a list of actions they could take (56% versus 47% for men), and better understanding the positive and direct impacts of changing some of their habits (54% versus 44% for men) would be helpful.

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event were significantly more likely to consider all the measures helpful compared to those who did not.

1.6 Doing enough to adapt to climate change

Over three in four respondents (77%) agreed they could do more to adapt to the future impacts of climate change. About four in ten (43%) said they already do a lot but could do more, and about a third (34%) said they could do a lot more. Less than one in five (18%) respondents consider that they do enough already.

Figure 7: Doing enough to adapt to climate change

This graph shows how Canadians evaluate the amount of work they do to adapt to climate change. The breakdown is as follows:
I do enough already: 18%;
Net More: 77%;
I do a lot, but I could do more: 43%;
I could do a lot more: 34%;
I prefer not to answer: 5%.

Q6. Do you think you are doing enough to help you and your family to adapt to the future impacts of climate change, or could you do more? Base: All web respondents (n=1,814)

Men (23%), individuals aged 55 years or older (23%), and respondents from Alberta (29%) were more likely to state they do enough already, while women (38%) and 18-34-year-olds (42%) were more likely to state they could do a lot more. Individuals who experienced a climate-related event were significantly more likely to state they do a lot but could do more (46% versus 32%) or that they could do a lot more (37% versus 20%).

2. Climate change impacts

2.1 Actions that reduce an individual’s risk to climate change impacts

Respondents were asked to rate each item depending on its contribution to reducing an individual’s risk to climate change impacts on a scale from 0 to 10. Planting vegetation (7.5), having an emergency kit (6.8), rainwater harvesting (6.5), and installing additional shade to one’s home (6.1) were considered to be the most impactful actions in terms of reducing an individual’s risk to climate change impacts as they were rated over 6/10. Six elements were rated between 5 and 6 out of 10, namely:

· Avoiding living in a location with only one major exit (5.8)

· Having access to a floodplain map (5.6)

· Creating a network within the community (5.4)

· Getting involved in the community to raise awareness (5.3)

· Installing an air conditioner (5.2)

· Installing a sump pump (5.2)

On the other hand, de-paving property (4.8) was seen as the least helpful action.

Figure 8: The means (out of 10) of actions that reduce an individual’s risk to climate change impacts.

Q7. On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means "Does not contribute at all" and 10 means "Contributes a lot", how much do you think the following actions contribute to reducing an individual's risk to climate change impacts? Please note that if you are unable to undertake some of these actions, that you can rate these actions for someone who can.

Base: All respondents*

* Because some items were presented to web respondents only, bases vary by item.

2.2 Actions that reduce a community’s risk to climate change impacts

Respondents were asked to rate each item on a scale of 0 to 10. Wildfire management (7.1), stormwater, flood or erosion management (7.0) and drought management (7.0) were seen as the most efficient ways to reduce a community’s risk to climate change impacts. They were closely followed by general emergency management planning (6.9), heat management (6.8), and installing community gardens to reduce food insecurity (6.8). The elements that ranked lowest were protection of housing (6.6), invasive species or pest management (6.4), and conducting community risk assessments using future climate projections (6.3).

Figure 9: Actions that reduce a community’s risk to climate change impacts – Means

Q8. On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means "Does not contribute at all" and 10 means "Contributes a lot", how much do you think the following actions contribute to reducing your community’s risk to climate change impacts? Base: All respondents (n=1,922)

Note: Phone respondents were divided into two split samples and each split sample only answered half of the statements.

Significant differences among the subgroups about the actions that contribute to reduce their community’s risk to climate change impacts include:

· Respondents from British Columbia were more likely to find that conducting a community risk assessment using future climate projections (6.9), general emergency management planning (57%), stormwater, flood or erosion management (7.5), wildfire management (7.8), and drought management (7.5) contribute a lot to reducing the risk.

· Respondents from Atlantic provinces were more likely to find that conducting a community risk assessment using future climate projections (7.0) contributes a lot to reducing the risk.

· Respondents from Quebec were more likely to rate general emergency management planning lower in terms of contribution in reducing exposure to climate change impacts (6.5).

· Respondents from the Territories were more likely to find that wildfire management (8.1) contributes to reducing risk.

2.3 Perceived impacts of climate change in Canada

Respondents voted for which climate change impacts they think are affecting Canada. More frequent extreme weather and climate events (55%), reduced glacier cover (45%), and sea-level rise (43%) were the top three impacts of climate change that were mentioned by respondents. Reduced ice cover (40%), increased coastal erosion (37%), fluctuating lake water levels (36%), and permafrost thaw (36%) were also perceived as climate change impacts by over a third of respondents. Biodiversity loss (32%), increased pests in forests (31%), and reduced food and economic security (30%) were mentioned by at least three people in ten. Greater risk of certain diseases (28%), changing animal distributions (26%), increased demand for emergency assistance (25%), reduced reliability of ice roads (22%), and increased demand on physical and mental health (20%) were mentioned by at least one fifth of respondents each. Decrease in oil resources (11%), labour shortages (8%), discovery of new wildlife species (8%), decline in human fertility (7%), and human genetic mutations (5%) were mentioned by one person out of ten at most.

Figure 10: Perceived impacts of climate change in Canada

Q9. Among the following list, which do you consider being an impact of climate change in Canada? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Significant differences among the subgroups about the impacts of climate change in Canada include:

· Respondents from Quebec were more likely to mention reduced ice cover (47%), increased coastal erosion (42%), biodiversity loss (40%) and a greater risk for certain diseases (34%).

· Respondents from Alberta were more likely to mention more frequent extreme weather and climate events (67%).

· Respondents from the Territories were more likely to mention permafrost thaw (57%) and reduced reliability of ice roads (36%).

2.4 Evolution of climate change impacts

Over two in three (69%) respondents think these hazards caused by climate change will become more serious in the next five to ten years, and less than one in five (18%) think they will be staying the same.

Figure 11: Evolution of climate change impacts

This graph shows the expected evolution of climate change impacts according to Canadians. The breakdown is as follows:
More serious: 69%;
Less serious: 5%;
Stay the same: 18%;
Do not know: 9%;
I prefer not to answer: 1%.

Q10. Do you feel these hazards caused by climate change will become more serious or less serious in Canada in the next 5 to 10 years? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Women (71% versus 66%), respondents from the Atlantic region (83%), British Columbia and Quebec (76% each), along with respondents who were most affected by climate change (78% versus 67%) and those who experienced a climate-related event (76% versus 36%) were all significantly more likely to consider that these hazards would get more serious within the next five to ten years.

2.5 Climate change impacts on different systems

Respondents were presented with six systems (e.g., environment, disaster resilience and security, infrastructure, health and well-being, the economy, and Canada’s cultural identity), and were asked to determine how much each one of these would be impacted by climate change in the future (e.g., a lot, moderately, not a lot, not at all). Four out of the six presented systems were considered to be impacted by climate change by over seven respondents in ten, with the environment being the single most impacted aspect (75%) (45% saying “a lot” and 30% saying” moderately”), closely followed by security and preparedness for disasters (73%) (38% saying “a lot” and 35% saying “moderately”), then infrastructure (72%) (36% saying “a lot” and 36% saying “moderately”), and health and well-being (72%) (35% saying “a lot” and 37% saying “moderately”). Around six in ten consider that the economy is also strongly impacted by climate change (61%) (21% saying “a lot” and 40% saying “moderately”). Participants considered that Canadian culture and identity were threated less by climate change than the other systems, as less than half of them perceived it to be a lot or moderately impacted by climate change (45%) (15% saying “a lot” and 31% saying “moderately”).

Figure 12: Climate change impacts on different aspects – Total Impact (A lot + Moderately)

This graph shows the impacts of climate change on various aspects. The breakdown is as follows:
The natural environment and its ability to provide for us: 75%;
Our security and preparedness for disasters: 73%;
Our infrastructure, such as roads, housing, and utilities: 72%;
Our health and well-being: 72%;
The economy and our ability to earn a living: 61%;
The culture and identity of Canada: 45%.

Q11. To what extent do you feel climate change is impacting the following? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Figure 13: Climate change impacts on different aspects – Breakdown

Q11. To what extent do you feel climate change is impacting the following? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Significant differences regarding the perceived impact of climate change on the various aspects include:

· Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts and those who experienced a climate-related event were more likely to think that climate change impacts all of the listed aspects.

· Quebec respondents were more likely to think climate change impacts all of the listed aspects except the culture and identity of Canada.

2.6 Most impacted aspects of our health and well being

Respondents were asked about which aspects of our Health and Wellbeing they thought were the most impacted by climate change. Food safety and security (59%), air quality (58%) and water quality and quantity (57%) were seen as the most impacted aspects of health and wellbeing. Four in ten participants (40%) considered that physical health was impacted by climate change, and one in four (26%) said mental health was impacted.

Figure 14: Most impacted health and well being aspects.

Q12. Which three aspects of our Health and Well Being do you feel climate change is impacting the most? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Some significant differences about the perceived impacts of climate change on health and well being aspects include:

· Respondents who were most affected by climate change were significantly more likely to consider physical health as part of the three most impacted aspects by climate change (47% versus 40%).

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event were significantly more likely to consider all but the mental health aspect as the most impacted by climate change.

· Younger respondents were significantly more likely to consider mental health as one of the top three aspects that are most impacted by climate change (34% versus 25% aged between 35-54 years and 22% among those aged 55 and older).

2.7 Most worrying aspects of the infrastructure system

Respondents were asked about which aspects of our Infrastructure they thought were the most impacted by climate change. Almost eight in ten respondents considered water to be the aspect that they were most worried about in terms of impacts of climate change (79%), closely followed by energy and utilities (70%). Transportation was third on the list (46%), followed by buildings (27%), economic hubs (26%), and information and telecommunication infrastructure (15%).

Figure 15: Most worrying aspects of the infrastructure system

Q13. Among the following list, which 3 aspects of our Infrastructure system are you most worried about, when it comes to climate change? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Some subgroups were more worried about certain aspects than others. Significant differences include:

· Women were more likely to be worried about water compared to men (83% versus 75%). Alberta respondents were also more likely to be most worried about water (87%).

· Quebec respondents were more likely to be worried about water and buildings (85% and 33%, respectively), while those from British Columbia and the Territories were more worried about transportation (57% and 71%, respectively).

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event were more likely to be worried about transportation than those who did not (49% versus 33%).

2.8 Most worrying aspects of biodiversity

Respondents were asked about which aspects of our environment and biodiversity they thought were the most impacted by climate change. Freshwater ecosystems were seen as the most worrying aspect of our biodiversity (56%), followed by marine and coastal ecosystems (24%) and terrestrial ecosystems (17%). Aerial ecosystems (4%) were the least worrying aspect of biodiversity.

Respondents from the Atlantic region (38%) and those who experienced a climate-related event (25%) were significantly more likely to consider marine and coastal ecosystems as the most worrying aspect of biodiversity.

Figure 16: Most worrying aspects of biodiversity – Phone respondents

This graph shows what elements of the biodiversity are the most worrying according to Canadians. The breakdown is as follows:
Freshwater ecosystems (e.g., rivers, lakes, wetlands): 56%;
Marine and coastal ecosystems: 24%;
Terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., forest, grasslands, mountains): 17%;
Aerial ecosystems (e.g., birds): 4%.

Q14. Phone: Among the four following aspects of biodiversity in our natural environment, which one are you most worried about? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

2.9 Most impacted sectors of the Canadian economy

Respondents were asked about which sectors of the Canadian economy they thought were the most impacted by climate change. According to respondents, agriculture is the sector of the Canadian economy that is most impacted by climate change (75%), followed by forestry (65%) and fisheries (61%). Energy is the most impacted sector according to a third of respondents (37%), while transportation (16%), mining (10%), and tourism (9%) were considered to be the most impacted sectors by lower proportions of respondents.

Figure 17: Most impacted sectors of the Canadian economy.

This graph shows what sectors of the Canadian economy are most impacted by climate change. The breakdown is as follows:
Agriculture: 75%;
Forestry: 65%;
Fisheries: 61%;
Energy: 37%;
Transportation: 16%;
Mining: 10%;
Tourism: 9%;
I don’t know / I prefer not to answer: 1%.

Q15. Among the following list, which three sectors of Canada’s economy do you think will be most impacted by climate change in the future? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

· Respondents from Quebec were more likely to think that agriculture, forestry and fisheries would be the most impacted aspects of Canada’s economy (85%, 71% and 71%, respectively).

· The same trend can be noted among respondents who experienced a climate-related event (77%, 67% and 64%, respectively).

· Respondents from Alberta were more likely to mention energy as one of the most impacted by climate change (58%), while those from the Atlantic region were more likely to mention fisheries (74%).

2.10 Community exposure to climate change impacts

Respondents were asked about their community’s perceived vulnerability to climate change compared to the communities that surround their own. A majority of respondents (58%) consider their community at about the same risk to the impacts of climate change as other communities around them. Less than one in five think they are more at risk (16%) or at a lower risk (17%).

Figure 18: Community exposure to climate change impacts

This graph shows how communities compare to others in terms of climate change impacts. The breakdown is as follows:
More at risk: 16%;
At about the same risk: 58%;
At lower risk: 17%;
Not at risk: 5%;
I don’t know: 4%.

Q17. In your opinion, compared to other communities around you, is your community more, less or not at risk to the impacts of climate change? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

· Respondents from British Columbia and the Territories were more likely to consider themselves more at risk to the impacts of climate change (27% and 40%, respectively).

· Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts (23%), as well as those who have experienced a climate-related event (19%) were also more likely to think of themselves as more at risk compared to those who have not been most affected by climate change impacts (15%) or have not experienced a climate-related event (4%).

3. Awareness of government actions to adapt to climate change

3.1 Minimizing climate risks and helping Canadians prepare for climate change

Respondents were asked if enough is being done to minimize climate risks and to help Canadians prepare for climate change. Overall, three in four respondents feel like more could be done for them to feel prepared (74%) for future climate change impacts. Four in ten respondents (41%) have stated that while some is being done, more needs to be done for them to feel prepared, and another third (33%) felt like not enough is being done and much more should be done as they do not feel prepared at all. Around one in ten respondents (13%) felt that enough was being done and that they felt prepared.

Figure 19: Minimizing climate risks and helping Canadians prepare for climate change.

Q26. To the best of your knowledge, do you think enough is being done to minimize climate risks and to help Canadians prepare for climate change? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Some subgroups were significantly more likely to state that some is being done but more needs to be done so they feel prepared:

· Younger respondents (47% compared to 39% among those over 34 years old)

· British Columbia residents (55%)

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event (45% versus 25%)

Some subgroups were significantly more likely to state that not enough is being done and more should be done as they do not feel prepared at all:

· Women (37% versus 30% among men)

· Respondents from Quebec (41%)

· Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts (43% compared to 31%)

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event (37% compared to 19%)

3.2 Awareness of the National Adaptation Strategy

Respondents were asked if they had heard about the National Adaptation Strategy. A wide majority of respondents never heard of the NAS (93%), with only 5% stating that they have heard of it.

Figure 20: Awareness of the National Adaptation Strategy

This graph shows the proportion of Canadians who are familiar with the National Adaptation Strategy. The breakdown is as follows:
Yes: 5%;
No: 93%;
I prefer not to answer: 2%.

Q27. Before today, have you ever read or heard anything about something called “The National Adaptation Strategy”? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

The following subgroups were more likely to have read or heard about the National Adaptation Strategy:

· Men (7% compared to 3% among women)

· 18-34 year old respondents(10%), compared to 4% aged between 35-54 years, and 3% aged 55 and over

· Indigenous respondents (25% versus 4%)

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event (6%) compared to those who did not (2%)

3.3 Understanding of the National Adaptation Strategy

For the respondents who had heard of the NAS, they were asked to explain what they thought it was. Almost two in three respondents who had heard of the NAS were not able to explain what it was (63%), and one in four (23%) mentioned that it had to do with adapting to climate change.

Figure 21: Understanding of the National Adaptation Strategy

This graph shows the understanding of the National Adaptation Strategy among those who have heard or read about it. The breakdown is as follows:
Adapting to climate change / actions that can be taken to adapt to climate change: 23%;
A plan/strategy for the future: 4%;
Preparing for climate change: 3%;
Solutions to reduce the environmental pollution: 2%;
Other: 5%;
I don't know / refusal: 63%.

Q28. Please describe your understanding of the National Adaptation Strategy. Base: Respondents who have heard of the National Adaptation Strategy (n=116)

Note: Open-ended. Total may exceed 100%.

No relevant significant differences are to be noted.

3.4 Community adaptation solutions

Respondents were asked about any adaptation solutions they were aware of that have been implemented in their community. Around half of respondents did not have any knowledge about which adaptation solutions have been implemented in their community (51%). Among those who did, urban greening initiatives came out on top (18%), followed by flood maps updated within the past 10 years (14%). Climate risk projections (11%), subsidies for home retrofits (10%), and establishing a community network for emergencies (10%) were mentioned by around one respondent in ten.

Figure 22: Implemented adaptation solutions

Q29. To the best of your knowledge, which among the following adaptation solutions have already been implemented by your community? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Significant differences regarding adaptation solutions include:

· Men were more likely to mention updated flood maps (18% versus 11%) and climate risk projections (14% versus 8%)

· Respondents from Quebec were more likely to mention urban greening initiatives (24%)

· Respondents from British Columbia were significantly more likely to mention urban greening initiatives (25%) and establishing a network for emergencies (18%).

· Respondents who were most affected by climate change were more likely to mention urban greening initiatives (24% versus 16%).

· Respondents who experienced a climate-related event were significantly more likely to mention all the solutions.

3.5 Top three reasons to adapt to climate change

Respondents were asked about their topmost important reasons to adapt to climate change. Protecting agriculture and food production (70%) and protecting future generations (61%) were the top two reasons to adapt to climate change, followed by preserving the health of Canadians (40%), protecting the critical infrastructure (37%), and protecting the safety of communities (31%).

Figure 23: Top three reasons to adapt to climate change

Q30. In your opinion, what are the three most important reasons to adapt to climate change? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Significant differences regarding reasons to adapt to climate change include:

· Women were significantly more likely to mention protecting agriculture and food production (73% versus 66% among men) and preserving the health of Canadians (44% versus 35%).

· Older respondents (55 years or older) were more likely to mention protecting agriculture and food production (77% versus 57% among younger respondents) and protecting critical infrastructure (43% versus 33% among those under 55 years old).

· Respondents from the Territories were more likely to mention protecting the infrastructure (54%), the safety of the community (51%), and protecting their identity and culture (17%) as the most important reasons to adapt to climate change.

· Respondents from Quebec were more likely to mention future generations (69%), while those from British Columbia were more likely to mention critical infrastructure (49%), and those from Alberta were more likely to mention preserving the health of Canadians (53%).

· Respondents who did not experience a climate-related event were significantly more likely to not mention any of the reasons (29% compared to 3%).

3.6 Belonging to a community

Respondents were asked if they belonged to a community (e.g., a school group, work group, exercise group, large family, faith group, etc.) and if they felt like they could ask members of their community for a favour in times of need (e.g., to sleep at their house, to ask for food, to ask for a ride somewhere, etc.). Overall, half of respondents stated that they belonged to a community, but around one in five (20%) stated they were not close enough to ask them for a favour. Conversely, over four in ten people (45%) said they did not feel like they were part of a community.

Figure 24: Belonging to a community

This graph shows the proportion of respondents who are part of a community. The breakdown is as follows:
Yes, I am part of a community: 30%;
I am part of a community, but not close enough to ask them for a favour: 20%;
No, I am not part of a community: 45%;
I prefer not to answer: 4%.

Question 31: Are you a part of a community (e.g., school group, work group, exercise group, large family, faith group, etc.) that you can rely on in times of need (e.g., people who would offer you somewhere to stay in times of need, people who would deliver you food in times of need, etc.)?

Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Significant differences regarding belongingness to a community include:

· Men were more likely to state not being part of a community (50% versus 41%), while the opposite held true for women (34% stated being part of a community, compared to 27% among men).

· Younger respondents (between 18 to 34 years) were more likely to state being part of a community but not close enough to ask for a favour (30% versus 15% among who were 55 or older).

· Older respondents (aged 55 and over) were significantly more likely to be part of a community (36% compared to 27% and 26% among 18-34 and 35-54 year old respondents, respectively).

· Quebec respondents were more likely to not be part of a community (65%), while those from the Territories were more likely to be part of one (59%).

· Respondents who were most affected by climate change were significantly more likely to state being part of a community (38% compared to 29%), and the same can be said for those who experienced a climate-related event (34% compared to 16%).

4. Focus on those who have been most affected by climate change impacts

4.1 Climate-related events experienced

Respondents were asked which climate event (e.g., flooding, extreme heat, drought, wildfire, etc.) they have recently experienced within their community in the past five years. A majority of respondents have experienced heatwaves in the past five years (59%). Around one in three people have experienced high wind, hurricanes or tornadoes (36%), and flooding (34%). Droughts were experienced by one in four individuals (25%), wildfires by one in five (19%), and coastal erosion by one in ten (11%). Landslides (8%), sea level rise (6%), and permafrost thaw (5%) were experienced by less than one in ten people each.

Figure 25: Climate-related events experienced

This graph shows the different types of climate-related events that have been experienced by respondents in their community. The breakdown is as follows:
Heatwave: 59%;
High wind/hurricane/tornado: 36%;
Flooding: 34%;
Drought: 25%;
Wildfire: 19%;
Coastal erosion: 11%;
Landslide: 8%;
Sea level rise: 6%;
Permafrost thaw: 5%;
Other, please specify : 1%;
None that I can recall: 16%;
Don't know: 3%.

Q19. Within the past five years, which of the following climate-related events have you experienced in your community? Base: All respondents (n=2,008)

Some notable significant differences regarding experiences with climate-related events include:

· Respondents over 55 years old were significantly more likely to report experiencing heatwaves (66%), wind-related event (41%), and droughts (29%).

· Respondents from British Columbia were significantly more likely to report experiencing heatwaves (72%), flooding (49%), wildfires (46%), and landslides (15%).

· Respondents from the Territories were more likely to have experienced flooding (74%), wildfires (72%), permafrost thaw (70%), and landslides (54%).

· Quebec respondents were more likely to report having experienced heatwaves (67%) and high wind/hurricane/tornado (42%).

· Respondents from Ontario were more likely to experience high wind/hurricane/tornado (43%) and coastal erosion (14%).

· Respondents from Alberta were more likely to report experiencing drought (45%) and landslide (39%).

· Respondents from the Prairies were more likely to report experiencing heatwaves (53%).

· Respondents from the Atlantic region were more likely to report experiencing coastal erosion (28%) and sea level rise (18%).

· Respondents who were most affected by climate change were more likely to have experienced heatwaves (69%), droughts (29%), coastal erosion (18%), sea level rise (10%), landslide (10%) and permafrost thaw (9%).

4.2 Impacts of the climate-related events on communities

Respondents were then asked about the impacts they experienced from the climate event they identified from the previous question (e.g., health problems, property damages, disconnection, etc.). Households that have been impacted by climate-related events reported experiencing physical health problems (18%), house or property damage (16%), and mental health problems (15%). Mobilizing personal money to address these impacts (13%), losing access to a critical utility for a long period of time (12%) and feeling isolated (10%) were also reported by one in ten people or more. Having to leave the home temporarily (9%), being physically stuck in an area for over an hour (7%), having limited access to essential supplies (7%), and having to leave the home permanently (1%) were the elements that were reported the least by respondents who have experienced a climate-relate event. Over four in ten respondents (44%) reported not experiencing any of the listed impacts.

Figure 26: Impacts of the climate-related events on the household

Q20. What were the direct impacts of the climate-related event that occurred in your community on you and/or your household? Base: Respondents who have experienced a climate-related event in their community (n=1,672)

Some significant differences regarding climate-related event impacts include:

· Younger respondents were significantly more likely to have experienced mental health issues (21%, putting it second in the list), feeling isolated (16%), and having to leave their home temporarily (17%).

· Respondents from Quebec and those over 55 years old were significantly more likely to report not having experienced any of the listed impacts (59% and 51% respectively).

· Respondents from British Columbia were significantly more likely to report having had some physical health problems (31%), having to spend personal money (21%) and having to leave their home temporarily (19%).

· Respondents from the Territories were more likely to report losing access to a critical utility (30%) and having limited access to essential supplies (25%).

· Respondents from Alberta were more likely to report having some physical health problems (32%), while those from Ontario were more likely to report house/property damage (21%).

4.3 Length of time to return to normal after climate event

Respondents were asked about how much time they felt it took to get “back to normal” (e.g., for house to be repaired, for roads to be fixed, for physical health to return, for mental health to return, for returning to job, etc.) after experiencing the climate event. A majority of respondents declared that their life returned to normal less than a year after the event (59%), and around one in ten (9%) said it took one to two years. Smaller proportions have declared that it took more than two years (7%), that it has not yet but will (6%), or that it will never be the same (6%).

Figure 27: Return to normal after climate event

This graph shows how long it took for life to return to normal after the climate event experienced. The breakdown is as follows:
Less than a year: 59%;
1 – 2 years: 9%;
More than 2 years : 7%;
It did not return to normal, but I know it will: 6%;
I don’t think my life will ever be the same: 6%;
I prefer not to answer: 13%.

Q22. How long after the climate event would you say it took for your life to return to normal (e.g., for your house to be repaired, for the road to be fixed, for your physical health to return, for your mental health to return, for you to return to your job)? Base: Respondents who have experienced a climate-related event in their community (n=1,672)

Younger respondents were more likely to declare that it took their life one to two years (17%) or even more than two years (13%) to get back to normal, while older respondents (55+ years old) were more likely to state it took less than a year (68%).

Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts were significantly more likely to state they do not think their life will ever be the same (10% compared to 5%).

4.4 Response of the situation

Respondents were asked how the situation was handled, and by who. Overall, seven respondents out of ten (70%) took actions themselves, but only four in ten (40%) considered them to be sufficient, and one in ten considered that more was required (10%).

Over half (57%) respondents declared that their community took actions, but only one in five (22%) thought they were enough, and one in five thought that more was required (19%).

Around the same proportion (55%) said their municipality took actions, with one in five (22%) thinking the actions were enough, and one in five said that they were insufficient (22%).

Regarding the provincial government, four in ten (43%) stated that they took action, but less than one in five (15%) of respondents considered that the actions taken by their provincial government were sufficient, and three in ten respondents considered more was required from their provincial government (29%).

These proportions were even lower for the federal government, as around one third (37%) considered that the federal government took actions, but only around 12% said these actions were sufficient, as three in ten (31%) stated that more was required from their federal government.

Figure 28: Handling of the situation

Q21. In your opinion, how was the situation handled by…? Base: Respondents who have experienced a climate-related event in their community (n=1,672)

· A relative majority of younger respondents (18-34 years old) stated that some actions were taken by themselves (37%). Those who who were most affected by climate change were more likely to state that the actions they themselves took were insufficient (14%). Respondents from the Prairies were more likely to state that they took sufficient individual actions (54%).

· Male respondents were more likely to state that their community took some actions (39%), while older respondents were more likely to state that sufficient actions were taken by their community (26%).

· Male respondents and those from the Atlantic region were more likely to state that their municipality took some actions (37% and 48% respectively), while older respondents were more likely to state that sufficient actions were taken by their municipality (26%). Those from British Columbia were more likely to state that the actions taken by their municipalities were insufficient (31%).

· Male respondents and those from British Columbia were more likely to state that their provincial government took some actions (31% and 38% respectively). Respondents who were most affected by climate change were more likely to state that the actions taken by their provincial government were insufficient (35% versus 27%).

· Respondents from the Atlantic region were more likely to state that some actions were taken by their federal government (38%), while those who were most affected by climate change were more likely to state that the actions taken by their federal government were insufficient (40% versus 29%).

4.5 Actions that could have been taken for a better handling of the situation

Respondents were then asked how the situation could have been handled differently. Around two in three respondents (64%) did not know what could have been done differently to better handle the situation. Those who did gave different answers, including:

· Preparation / prevention / being more prepared: 6%

· More information / information availability / communication: 3%

· Better infrastructure: 3%

· Reduce pollution / do more/do your part to counter climate change/help the environment (unspecified): 3%

· Faster response: 3%

· More financial support from the government: 2%

· More support from the government (unspecified): 2%

· Better warning systems: 1%

· Access to shelters/cooling stations: 1%

· Stop/reduce use of fossil fuels / make use of carbon free systems: 1%

· Planting more trees / have more green spaces: 1%

Younger respondents and those who were not part of the most affected by climate change were more likely to not know what could have been done differently (72% and 66% respectively).

Note: Open-ended question. Total may exceed 100%.

4.6 Support expectations towards various institutions

Respondents were then asked who they expect to provide more support for managing climate-related events in the future. Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts and have experienced a climate-related event were expecting more support from their federal (31%) and provincial or territorial (30%) governments equally, followed by their local government (15%).

Figure 29: Support expectations towards various institutions

This graph shows the level of support expected by the respondents for their communities from different sectors and levels of government. The breakdown is as follows:
The Federal Government: 31%;
Your Provincial or Territorial Government: 30%;
Your Local Government: 15%;
Your community: 4%;
The private sector: 3%;
Non-governmental organizations: 2%;
I prefer not to answer: 15%.

Q25. From which of the following would you expect to provide more support to your community for managing climate-related events? Base: Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts and experienced a climate-related event (n=860)

Respondents from British Columbia were significantly more likely to expect more support from their provincial or territorial government (47%), compared to Ontario respondents who expected more from their local government (19%).

4.7 Concerns about the future of climate change among those who were most affected by it

Respondents who were most affected by climate change were asked about their level of concern about the future based on how the climate-related event they experienced was managed. Three in four (73%) respondents who were most affected by climate change and who have experienced a climate-related event stated being somewhat (50%) or very (24%) concerned about the future based on how the climate-related event they experienced was managed. Conversely, one in four (24%) stated being either not very concerned (19%) or not concerned at all (5%).

Figure 30: Concerns about the future of climate change among those who were most affected by it

This graph shows the level of concern of vulnerable communities regarding climate change and its impacts. The breakdown is as follows:
Net concerned: 73%;
Very concerned: 24%;
Somewhat concerned: 50%;
Net not concerned: 24%;
Not very concerned: 19%;
Not concerned at all: 5%;
I prefer not to answer: 3%.

Q24. Knowing that you live in a community more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, how concerned are you about the future based on how the climate-related event(s) you experienced were managed? Base: Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts and experienced a climate-related event (n=860)

Younger respondents (between 18 and 34 years old) were significantly more likely to be concerned (83%) (compared to 73% for those aged between 35-54, and 72% for those aged 55 or older). British Columbians also expressed more concern compared to respondents from other provinces (87%) (compared to 69% for Quebec and 74% for Ontario).

5. Phrasing comparisons

5.1 Preferred term for climate preparedness

Language was tested on respondents, to see which terms resonated most with people across the country. The term “Preparing for climate change” was the favorite one among respondents (23%), followed by “climate preparedness” (20%), and “climate change adaptation” (16%). The terms “increasing our adaptive capacity” and “climate resilience” were preferred by almost one in ten respondents each (9%). One in four respondents (23%) did not provide an answer.

Figure 31: Preferred term for climate preparedness

This graph shows the preference of respondents for terms similar to climate preparedness. The breakdown is as follows:
Preparing for climate change: 23%;
Climate preparedness: 20%;
Climate change adaptation: 16%;
Increasing our adaptive capacity: 9%;
Climate resilience: 9%;
I don’t know : 23%.

Q31. When you think about climate change and the future climate impacts we might feel in the future (e.g., more heat, flooding, wildfires, sea level rise, etc.), which term do you think best captures our efforts to make the impacts less severe on people living in Canada? Base: All web respondents (n=1,821)

Some significant differences regarding terms include:

· Younger respondents (between 18-34 years old) were more likely to prefer the term “climate resilience” (15%), while those over 55 years old preferred the term “preparing for climate change” (31%).

· Francophone respondents were more likely to prefer “preparing for climate change/se préparer aux changements climatiques” (34% versus 21% among anglophones) and “increasing our adaptive capacity/renforcer notre capacité d’adaptation/adaptabilité” (14% versus 7%), while those who are anglophone preferred “climate preparedness” (22% versus 10%).

5.2 Understanding of the term “climate preparedness”

Respondents were then asked what they thought the term “climate preparedness” meant. One in five respondents stated that the term “climate preparedness” referred to being prepared for climate change (21%). Over one in ten mentioned it meant being ready or prepared (13%) or being ready for weather events (11%). Around one in five did not provide an answer (19%).

Figure 32: Understanding of the “Climate preparedness” term

Q32. What does the term climate preparedness mean to you? Base: All web respondents (n=1,821)

Note: Open-ended question. Total may exceed 100%

No relevant significant differences are to be noted.

5.3 Support of increased investments in adaptation initiatives – Term comparison

For the next set of questions, respondents were divided into four same-sized split samples. Each split sample saw the statements using only one of the tested terms. Agreement levels (Total Strongly + Somewhat Agree) of the different phrasings of the same statement were then compared. For instance, for this first question, respondents were asked to rate their level of support for one statement. Each split sample saw a different version of the statement (labeled A, B, C and D), that used a specific term to test. Statement A used the term “adapt to climate change”, statement B used “build adaptive capacity”, statement C used the term “climate resilience”, and statement D used the term “climate preparedness”, but all statements fundamentally had the same meaning (full statements are presented in the graphs). Levels of support for statements A, B, C, and D were then compared to identify term preferences. The graphs detail the total levels of support for each statement in the full sample (“Total” bar), as well as among francophones and anglophones (“French speakers” and “English speakers” bars), in order to be able to compare and determine the preferred terms in each language and overall.

Overall, around half of respondents support the measure of increasing investments to implement tangible actions to build adaptive capacity all around Canada (regardless of the phrasing used). The terms that harnessed the most agreement were “adaptive capacity” (51%) and “climate preparedness” (51%). On the other hand, “climate resilience” was the least popular term as it harnessed the least support (46%).

Figure 33: Support of increased investments in adaptation initiatives – Term comparison by language

Q33. Please indicate your level of support or opposition for the following action designed to address climate change. Base: Split sample of all web respondents for each statement (n=455)

French-speakers had a marked preference for the term “adaptive capacity” (68% of them supported the statement compared to 48% of English-speakers), making it the most popular statement among Francophones. The preferences of English-speakers were more diffuse, but the term “climate preparedness” came out first (52%).

5.4 Priority of climate change initiatives – Term comparison

Agreement with the statement varies widely depending on the terminology used. Around two in three people agreed with the statement when the term “climate preparedness” was used (65%), around six in ten agreed with it when “preparing for climate change” was used (58%), and around one in two agreed when the terms “climate resilience” (52%) and adaptive capacity (51%). It therefore seems that “climate preparedness” is the most evocative of the four phrasings.

Figure 34: Priority of climate change initiatives – Term comparison by language

Q34_1. Now please indicate your level of support or opposition to each of the following statements about climate change. Base: Split sample of all web respondents for each statement (n=455)

While not significant, a larger proportion of English-speakers agreed with the statement using the term “climate resilience” than French-speakers (56% versus 42%). French-speakers preferred the term “preparing for climate change” (64%) while anglophones favored the term “climate preparedness” (66%).

5.5 Investment in climate change preparedness – Term comparison

The statement using “climate preparedness” came out on top for this series statements regarding increased expenditure in climate change adaptation (65%), followed by climate resilience (57%), preparing for climate change (56%), and adaptive capacity (55%).

Figure 35: Investment in climate change preparedness – Term comparison by language

Q34_2. Now please indicate your level of support or opposition to each of the following statements about climate change. Base: Split sample of all web respondents for each statement (n=455)

French-speakers were significantly more likely to prefer the phrasing with the term “adaptive capacity” (66% compared to 51% among anglophones), making sentence B the most agreed with, followed by the sentence using the term “climate preparedness” (65%). On the other hand, English-speakers agreed most with the sentence using the term “climate preparedness” (64%).

5.6 Willingness to pay higher taxes for climate preparedness initiatives – Term comparison

In this case, the statement using the phrase “prepare for climate change” had the most support (42%), and the rest were closely tied (37% for climate resilience and climate preparedness, and 36% for adaptive capacity).

Figure 36: Agreement with climate change statements – Term comparison by language

Q34_3. Now please indicate your level of support or opposition to each of the following statements about climate change. Base: Split sample of all web respondents for each statement (n=455)

Both French and English speakers agreed with the statement using the term “prepare for climate change” the most (47% among francophones compared to 41% among anglophones). While not statistically significant, a higher proportion of English-speakers agreed with the statement using the term “climate resilience” than French-speakers (39% compared to 29% respectively).

Conclusion

Overall, the majority of respondents see climate change as an important issue that has gotten more severe throughout the years. While some may feel sad and helpless about it, they remain motivated to protect themselves, and think there is more they could be doing to adapt to the future impacts of climate change.

The main perceived impacts of climate change were more frequent extreme weather and climate events, reduced glacier cover, and sea level rise. Respondents mentioned several measures to reduce an individual's or a community's risk to climate change, including planting vegetation, having an emergency kit, and rainwater harvesting, along with having wildfire, stormwater, flood, erosion, and drought management systems in place. Canadians were mostly worried about the impacts to water infrastructure (e.g., drinking water, stormwater, wastewater facilities) at large, freshwater ecosystems (e.g., wetlands, rivers, lakes), energy and utilities, and agriculture.

A vast majority of respondents have experienced climate-related events, heatwaves being the most common. Around a third of respondents expected more actions to be undertaken by their provincial and federal governments to handle these situations, and three in four expressed their worries about the future, considering how the event they experienced was managed.

Unsurprisingly, those who have been most affected by climate change impacts were more worried about climate change, and they were more likely to highlight its impacts on various aspects of Canada (e.g., economy, agriculture, health among others). They also felt more at risk to climate change compared to other communities.

The National Adaptation Strategy is known by a very small proportion of Canadians, and those who did hear of it were mostly incapable of defining it. Around half were aware of the measures implemented in their community.

In terms of phrasing, "climate preparedness" came out as the favorite among respondents, but French speakers also appreciated the term "adaptive capacity / capacité d'adaptation / adaptabilité".

Appendix

A.1 Quantitative Methodology

Quantitative research was conducted through a hybrid phone and web approach, using Computer Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer Aided Web Interviewing (CAWI) technology.

As a Canadian Research Insights Council Member, Leger adheres to the most stringent guidelines for quantitative research. The survey was conducted in accordance with Government of Canada requirements for quantitative research, including the Standards of the Conduct of Government of Canada Public Opinion Research—Series D—Quantitative Research.

Respondents were assured of the voluntary, confidential and anonymous nature of this research. As with all research conducted by Leger, all information that could allow for the identification of participants was removed from the data, in accordance with the Privacy Act.

The questionnaire is available in Appendix A.3.

Using data from the 2016 Statistics Canada census, the weighting was done according to age, gender, province, education, spoken language, presence of children in the household, and belonging to a community that is most affected by climate change or not, to help readjust the sample for minor imbalances. The weight of each region was adjusted to be equivalent to its actual weight in relation to the distribution of the Canadian population. The weighting factors are presented in detail in the A.1.4. section of this report.

A pre-test of 57 interviews was completed before launching data collection to validate the programming of the questionnaire in both English and French.

A.1.1 Sampling Procedure

Hybrid approach: Computer Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer Aided Web Interviewing (CAWI)

A total of 198 respondents participated in the phone survey. Participant selection was done randomly through telephone number lists.

A total of 1,810 respondents participated in the web survey. Participant selection was done through the Leger panel.

The exact distribution of respondents is presented in the following section.

Considering that a hybrid approach was used and that a majority of the sample comes from the panel, the sampling method used is not probabilistic in nature, so no margin of error can be calculated.

Details on the included people who have been most affected by climate change impacts are presented in the appendix A.2.

A.1.2 Data Collection

Fieldwork for the survey was conducted from June 23^rd to August 2^nd, 2022. The participation rate for the survey was 15%. A pre-test of 57 interviews was completed between June 27^th and July 15^th, 2022. Three rounds of pretesting have been done for the phone portion in order to cut interview time. Average length of interview for the last phone pretest was 29 minutes, and 11 minutes for the web portion.

To achieve data reliability in all subgroups, a total sample of 2,008 Canadians were surveyed, in all regions of the country.

Respondents for this survey were selected either randomly from a phone list, or through the Leger panel for the web portion. The results of such a survey cannot be described as statistically projectable to the target population. The data have been weighted to reflect the demographic composition of the target population.

Based on data from Statistics Canada’s 2016 Census, Leger weighted the results of this survey according to age, gender, province, education, spoken language, presence of children in the household, and belonging to a community that is most affected by climate change or not, to help readjust the sample for minor imbalances.

The following table details the regional distribution of respondents. The sample attempted to replicate as closely as possible the actual distribution of the Canadian population.

Table A.1 Regional Distribution of Respondents

Region	Number of respondents
Quebec	680
Ontario	709
British Columbia	255
Alberta	85
Prairies	110
Atlantic	91
Territories	78
Total	2,008

A.1.3 Participation Rate

The overall participation rate for this study is 15%. Below is the calculation of both the web and the phone survey’s participation rate. The participation rate is calculated using the following formula: Participation rate = R ÷ (U + IS + R). The tables below provide details of the calculation for both the web and the phone portions.

Table A.2 Participation Rate Calculation – Web portion

Invalid cases	158
Invitations mistakenly sent to people who did not qualify for the study	5
Incomplete or missing email addresses	153
Unresolved (U)	11,727
Email invitations bounce back	18
Email invitations unanswered	11,709
In-scope non-responding units (IS)	2,904
Non-response from eligible respondents	2,798
Respondent refusals	106
Language problem	0
Selected respondent not available (illness; leave of absence; vacation; other)	0
Early breakoffs	0
Responding units (R)	2,616
Surveys disqualified – quota filled	801
Completed surveys disqualified for other reasons	5
COMPLETED INTERVIEWS	1,810
POTENTIALLY ELIGIBLE (U+IS+R)	17,247
Participation rate= R/(U + IS + R)	15.17%

Table A.3 Participation Rate Calculation – Phone portion

Base Sample	3,902
Invalid number	1,355
No service	1,266
Non-residential	31
Fax / modem / pager	58
Double	0
Unresolved (U)	2,547
No answer	1,208
Answering machine	1,278
Line busy	61
Effective sample	2,947
In-scope non-responding units (IS)	2,087
Refusal	2,021
Language Barrier	66
Responding units (R)	860
Quota attained	107
Unqualified	157
Incomplete	58
Appointment	340
COMPLETED INTERVIEWS	198
POTENTIALLY ELIGIBLE (U+IS+R)	5,494
Participation rate	15.65%

A.1.4 Unweighted and Weighted Samples

A basic comparison of the unweighted and weighted sample sizes was conducted to identify any potential non-response bias that could be introduced by lower response rates among specific demographic subgroups (see tables below).

The table below presents the geographic distribution of respondents, before and after weighting. The weighting adjusted for some discrepancies: the Quebec and Territories weights were reduced in favor of Ontario and Alberta in order to have a sufficient subsample in these regions. Therefore, the weighting minimized the weight of these regions that had been inflated and slightly increased the weights of Ontario and Alberta.

Table A.4 Unweighted and Weighted Sample Distribution by Region

Region	Unweighted	Weighted
Quebec	680	464
Ontario	709	777
British Columbia	255	233
Alberta	85	223
Prairies	110	129
Atlantic	91	135
Territories	78	46
Total	2,008	2,008

The following tables present the distribution of Canadians by age and gender. The weighting slightly decreased the weight of men and respondents 55 years old and over. The small differences observed have not introduced a non-response bias for these sample subgroups.

Table A.5 Unweighted and Weighted Sample Distribution by Age

Age	Unweighted	Weighted
18-34	429	536
35-54	588	646
55+	991	826
Total	2,008	2,008

Table A.6 Unweighted and Weighted Sample Distribution by Age

Gender	Unweighted	Weighted
Man	1,041	979
Woman	958	1,022
Total	2,008	2,008

The following tables present the distribution of Canadians by level of education and the presence of children in the household. Weighting decreased the weight of respondents who attended university in favor of those with lower education levels. Regarding the presence of children in the household, weighting slightly decreased the weight of those who did not have any children in the household in favour of those who did.

Table A.7 Unweighted and Weighted Sample Distribution by Education

Education	Unweighted	Weighted
High school and less	398	595
College	557	822
University	1,037	556
Total	2,008	2,008

Table A.8 Unweighted and Weighted Sample Distribution by Presence of children in the household

Presence of children in the household	Unweighted	Weighted
Yes	427	515
No	1,556	1,452
Total	2,008	2,008

The following tables present the distribution of respondents by language spoken at home and belonging to a community that is most affected by climate change or not. Slight adjustments have been made to decrease the weight of French speakers in favor of English speakers, and to reduce the weight of respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts in favor of those who do not, in order to be representative of their distribution in the population.

Table A.9 Unweighted and Weighted Sample Distribution by Language spoken at home

Language spoken at home	Unweighted	Weighted
French	567	423
English	1,342	1,478
Other	88	93
Total	2,008	2,008

Table A.10 Unweighted and Weighted Sample Distribution by Belonging to a community that is most affected by climate change

Belonging to a community that is most affected by climate change	Unweighted	Weighted
Yes	1,000	345
No	1,008	1,663
Total	2,008	2,008

There is no evidence from the data that having achieved a different distribution through the presented variables prior to weighting would have significantly changed the results for this study. The relatively small weight factors (see section below) and differences in responses between various subgroups suggest that data quality was not affected. The weight that was applied corrected the initial imbalance for data analysis purposes and no further manipulations were necessary.

The following tables present the weighting factors applied to the database according to the different respondent profiles.

Table A.11 Weight factors by Profile

Label	Weight
British Columbia Male 18-24	0.69
British Columbia Male 25-34	1.18
British Columbia Male 35-44	1.12
British Columbia Male 45-54	1.04
British Columbia Male 55-64	1.16
British Columbia Male 65+	1.60
British Columbia Female 18-24	0.65
British Columbia Female 25-34	1.17
British Columbia Female 35-44	1.15
British Columbia Female 45-54	1.12
British Columbia Female 55-64	1.24
British Columbia Female 65+	1.83
Alberta Male 18-24	0.61
Alberta Male 25-34	1.01
Alberta Male 35-44	0.77
Alberta Male 45-54	1.23
Alberta Male 55-64	0.90
Alberta Male 65+	0.99
Alberta Female 18-24	0.48
Alberta Female 25-34	1.10
Alberta Female 35-44	1.09
Alberta Female 45-54	0.91
Alberta Female 55-64	0.92
Alberta Female 65+	1.12
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Male 18-24	0.38
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Male 25-34	0.56
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Male 35-44	0.55
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Male 45-54	0.48
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Male 55-64	0.53
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Male 65+	0.66
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Female 18-24	0.35
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Female 25-34	0.55
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Female 35-44	0.56
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Female 45-54	0.49
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Female 55-64	0.55
Manitoba/Saskatchewan Female 65+	0.78
Ontario Male 18-24	2.12
Ontario Male 25-34	3.32
Ontario Male 35-44	3.00
Ontario Male 45-54	2.98
Ontario Male 55-64	3.29
Ontario Male 65+	4.04
Ontario Female 18-24	1.97
Ontario Female 25-34	3.27
Ontario Female 35-44	3.19
Ontario Female 45-54	3.20
Ontario Female 55-64	3.47
Ontario Female 65+	4.85
Quebec Male 18-24	1.09
Quebec Male 25-34	1.80
Quebec Male 35-44	1.89
Quebec Male 45-54	1.76
Quebec Male 55-64	2.07
Quebec Male 65+	2.70
Quebec Female 18-24	1.04
Quebec Female 25-34	1.78
Quebec Female 35-44	1.89
Quebec Female 45-54	1.74
Quebec Female 55-64	2.11
Quebec Female 65+	3.21
Atlantic Male 18-24	0.32
Atlantic Male 25-34	0.47
Atlantic Male 35-44	0.47
Atlantic Male 45-54	0.52
Atlantic Male 55-64	0.63
Atlantic Male 65+	0.85
Atlantic Female 18-24	0.30
Atlantic Female 25-34	0.47
Atlantic Female 35-44	0.50
Atlantic Female 45-54	0.55
Atlantic Female 55-64	0.67
Atlantic Female 65+	0.99

Table A.12 Weight Factors by Region

Label	Weight
British Columbia (Vancouver CMA)	7.37
British Columbia (Other)	6.55
Alberta (Calgary CMA)	3.90
Alberta (Edmonton CMA)	3.73
Alberta (Other)	3.50
Saskatchewan	2.92
Manitoba	3.51
Ontario (Toronto CMA)	16.92
Ontario (other)	21.79
Quebec (Mtl CMA)	11.57
Quebec (Qc CMA)	2.30
Quebec (Other)	9.22
New-Brunswick	2.16
Nova Scotia	2.71
Prince-Edward Island	0.42
Newfoundland	1.44

Table A.13 Weight Factors by language and region

Label	Weight
French – Rest of Canada	2.72
French- Quebec	17.80
Non-francophone – Rest of Canada	74.19
Non-francophone - Quebec	5.28

Table A.14 Weight Factors by Education level

Label	Weight
College and less	72.33
University – Rest of Canada	21.81
University - Quebec	5.86

Table A.15 Weight Factors by Presence of children in the household

Label	Weight
Yes	27.67
Non	72.33

A.2 Detailed information on those who have been most affected by climate change impacts

Respondents who have been most affected by climate change impacts were identified by a number of characteristics. First, two to three communities were identified for each province or territory that had recently experienced a significant climate event in the past five years (e.g., a wildfire, hurricane, flooding event, heat wave, etc.), or are experiencing the onset impacts of climate change everyday (e.g., coastal erosion, thawing permafrost, declining sea ice and glacier ice, etc.). By identifying two to three communities per province or territory, this ensured that a statistically significant number of people per community could be interviewed (e.g., 30 people minimum per community to reach 1000 people in total). Since participation rates for surveys are usually about 15%, each community had to have at least 1,000 people in total population to ensure participation rates were at least 30 people per community.

As rural and urban communities differ significantly, there was an effort to choose one urban and one rural community per province or territory. From here, specific neighbourhoods were identified as more impacted, by using 2016 Statistics Canada Census Program data (e.g., median income, Indigenous populations, visible minorities, recent immigration, low-income measure, and unemployment rates). Neighbourhoods that showed vast differences in one of these areas compared to the rest of the town or city were then identified as communities that are most impacted by climate change.

Please see the table below for a full list of those who have been most affected by climate change impacts that were used as part of this study.

Table A2: A Complete list of those who have been most affected by climate change impacts that were interviewed as part of this study.

Province / Territory	Community Name (and neighbourhood)	Forward Sortation Area (FSA) code	Urban or Rural Community
Yukon	Whitehorse (north)	Y1A	Urban
Yukon	Dawson City	Y0B	Rural
Northwest Territories	Inuvik	X0E	Rural
Northwest Territories	Yellowknife (Dettah)	X0E; X1A	Urban
Northwest Territories	Hay River	X0E	Rural
Nunavut	Iqaluit	X0A	Urban
Nunavut	Arviat	X0C	Rural
Nunavut	Cambridge Bay	X0B	Rural
British Columbia	Abbotsford (Kilgard and Sumas Prairie)	V3G; V3G	Urban
British Columbia	Central Okanagan (Merritt and Upper Nicola)	V0K; V1K	Rural
Alberta	Calgary (Savanna and Cornerstone)	T3J	Urban
Alberta	High River	T1V	Rural
Saskatchewan	Cypress Hills-Grasslands (Leader, Lancer)	S0N	Rural
Saskatchewan	Prince Albert (Cloverdale)	S6W; S6V; S0J	Rural
Manitoba	Portage la Prairie (Long Plain First Nation)	R0H; R1N	Rural
Manitoba	Winnipeg (Point Douglas)	R2W; R3B	Urban
Ontario	Chatham-Kent (Erieau and Chatham)	N0P; N7M	Rural
Ontario	Kenora (rural Kenora)	P9N	Rural
Quebec	Montreal (north)	H1G	Urban
Quebec	Iles-de-la-Madeleine	G4T	Rural
Quebec	La Tuque - Wemotaci	G0X	Rural
New Brunswick	Campbellton (Restigouche)	E3N	Rural - Indigenous
New Brunswick	Moncton	E1C	Urban
Nova Scotia	Halifax (Burnside)	B3B	Urban
Nova Scotia	Cape Breton Island (Eskasoni First Nation)	B1T; B0A; B1W; B1J	Rural Indigenous
PEI	Charlottetown	C1A	Urban
PEI	Lennox Island	C0B	Rural / Indigenous
Newfoundland and Labrador	Corner Brook	A2H	Urban
Newfoundland and Labrador	Nunatsiavut Labrador communities (Nain, Natuashish, Hopedale, Makkovik, Rigolet Postville)	A0P	Rural / Indigenous

A.3 Survey Questionnaire

[ASK LANG TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

LANG

Préféreriez-vous répondre à ce questionnaire en anglais ou en français
Would you prefer to complete the survey in English or French?

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
English	EN
Français	FR

QFLT1

[ASK PROV TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

PROV

In which province or territory do you live?

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
British Columbia	British Columbia
Alberta	AB
Saskatchewan	SK
Manitoba	MB
Ontario	ON
Quebec	QC
New Brunswick	NB
Nova Scotia	NS
Prince Edward Island	PE
Newfoundland	NF
Northwest Territories	NT
Yukon	YK
Nunavut	NU

[ASK POSTAL6 TO ALL]

[OPEN TEXT: VALIDATION – FORCE THE TEXT FORMAT TO BE A9A9A9]

POSTAL6

Please indicate the 6 characters of your postal code.

If you would rather not provide it, please select [I don’t know/I prefer not to answer

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(RECORD THE POSTAL CODE IN THE FORMAT A9A9A9)

Label	Value	Attribute
(DO NOT READ) I don’t know/I prefer not to answer	A9A9A9

[ASK POSTAL3 TO ALL]

[OPEN TEXT: VALIDATION – FORCE THE TEXT FORMAT TO BE A9A]

POSTAL3

Please indicate the first 3 characters of your postal code.

If you would rather not provide it, please select I don’t know/I prefer not to answer

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(RECORD THE POSTAL CODE IN THE FORMAT A9A)

Label	Value	Attribute
(DO NOT READ) I don’t know/I prefer not to answer	A9A

[ASK SEXE TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

SEXE

You are…?

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
... A man	1
... A woman	2
… Another identity	3
I prefer not to answer	3

[ASK AGE TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

AGE

How old are you?

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(READ LIST)

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Under 18	0		TERMINATE
Between 18 and 24	1
Between 25 and 34	2
Between 35 and 44	3
Between 45 and 54	4
Between 55 and 64	5
Between 65 and 74	6
75 or older	7
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	9		TERMINATE

[ASK LANGU TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

LANGU

What is the language you first learned at home in your childhood and that you still understand?

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
French	1
English	2
Other	3
English and French	7
French and other	4
English and other	5
Other and other	6
I prefer not to answer	9

[ASK LANGU TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

LANGU2

What is the language you speak the most at home?

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
French	1
English	2
Other (please specify)	3
I prefer not to answer	9

[ASK FOY1 TO ALL]

[NUMERIC: RANGE Min=1, Max=20]

[DECIMALS: 0]

[TYPE OF SYMBOL: people]

[POSITION OF SYMBOL: After]

FOY1

Including yourself, how many people live in your household, counting adults and children?

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(RECORD NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

___ people

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
One person (myself)	1
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK FOY2 IF FOY1>1 AND FOY1<99]

[NUMERIC: RANGE Min=1, Max=20]

[DECIMALS: 0]

[TYPE OF SYMBOL: children]

[POSITION OF SYMBOL: After]

FOY2

Of these (’FOY1’) people who live in your household, how many are children under the age of 18?

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(RECORD NUMBER OF CHILDREN)

___ children

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
No children under the age of 18	0
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

SCT SENSIBILITY AND HABITS

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

To what extent do you feel climate change is an important issue for all Canadians?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
Very important	1
Somewhat important	2
Somewhat not important	3
Not important at all	4
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

How concerned are you personally about climate change and its impacts on Canada?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
Very concerned	1
Somewhat concerned	2
Not very concerned	3
Not concerned at all	4
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Over the past two years, do you feel climate change impacts (e.g., extreme heat waves, storms, flooding, forest fires, sea level rise, etc.) have become more severe, less severe or stayed the same?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
More severe	1
Stayed the same	2
Less severe	3
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[STATEMENT LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[PHONE ONLY: RANDOM SPLIT SAMPLE WITH HALF OF THE STATEMENTS EACH]

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?

"In general, when it comes to adapting to climate change, ______"

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST.)

Check all that apply.

[STATEMENT LIST]

Label	Value	Notes
"... I am not concerned ".	1
"... I am motivated to do what I can to protect myself, my family, my community, or my house	2
"... I don’t have enough knowledge about it to form an opinion.	3
"... I am afraid of its impact on me, my friends, and my loved ones’ lives.	4
“… I am afraid of its impact on my community”	5
"... I am confident that there will be solutions."	6
"... I feel helpless.	7
"... I feel sad."	8

[RESPONSE LIST (Scale):]

Label	Value	Notes
Totally agree	1
Somewhat agree	2
Somewhat disagree	3
Totally disagree	4
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLES MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES: max 3]

Which of the following would help you to do more in a concrete way to help you and your family to adapt to the impacts of climate change (e.g., to protect yourself from flooding, wildfires, heatwaves, coastal erosion, permafrost thaw, etc.)?

You can select up to 3 answers

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST)

Check all that apply.

Label	Value	Notes
Obtain a list of actions that I can take	1
To be accompanied by an expert or to receive training (e.g., build or renovate my home for it to withstand future impacts of climate change)	2
Use a website or mobile application that would help me plan my approach, with regular reminders	3
Be part of a group where I can ask questions and receive advice when I am having difficulties	4
Better understand the positive and direct impacts of changing some of my habits	5
None of these	9	F/X
I prefer not to answer	99	F/X

[ASK WEB ONLY]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Do you think you are doing enough to help you and your family to adapt to the future impacts of climate change, or could you do more?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
I do enough already	1
I do a lot, but I could do more	2
I could do a lot more	3
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[Select an item MENTION GRID]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

[STATEMENT LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES:]

On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means "Does not contribute at all" and 10 means "Contributes a lot", how much do you think the following actions contribute to reducing an individual's risk to climate change impacts? Please note that if you are unable to undertake some of these actions, that you can rate these actions for someone who can.

	0 - (0)	1 (1)	2 (2)	3 (3)	4 (4)	5 (5)	6 (6)	7 (7)	8 (8)	9 (9)	10 - (10)	NSP / Refus (99)
Having access to a floodplain map
[WEB ONLY] Avoiding living in a location with only one major exit
Installing additional shade to your home (e.g., umbrellas, pergolas, sun shades, awnings)
Planting trees, gardens, vegetable gardens, or rain gardens
Rainwater harvesting
Installing a sump pump
[WEB ONLY] De-paving property
Having an emergency kit (e.g., food, water, candles, batteries)
Installing an air conditioner
Creating a network within my community (e.g., buddy system)
[WEB ONLY] Getting involved in my community or apartment building board to raise awareness about climate change

SCT IMPACT

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLES MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES: max 14]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES: RANDOM SPLIT SAMPLE WITH HALF OF THE STATEMENTS EACH]

On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means "Does not contribute at all" and 10 means "Contributes a lot", how much do you think the following actions contribute to reducing your community’s risk to climate change impacts?

	0 - (0)	1 (1)	2 (2)	3 (3)	4 (4)	5 (5)	6 (6)	7 (7)	8 (8)	9 (9)	10 - (10)	NSP / Refus (99)
Conducting a Community Risk Assessment using future climate projections
General Emergency Management Planning (e.g., early warning systems, evacuation orders)
Installing a community garden to reduce food insecurity
Protection of housing (e.g., subsidies for retrofits)
Stormwater, flood, or erosion management (e.g., installation of shoreline mechanisms such as dykes, levees, revetments, wetlands, stormwater ponds, policies of development setbacks and zoning)
Heat management (e.g., cooling centres, urban greening, splash pads)
Drought management (e.g., policies on water usage)
Wildfire management (e.g., firebreaks, setbacks, controlled burns)
Invasive species or pest management

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLES MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES: max 14]

[INTERVIEWER NOTE: Do not read list. Check all that apply. Note: If respondent does not know or asks for examples, give some options on the list]

According to you, what are the main impacts of climate change in Canada?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. SEVERAL MENTIONS POSSIBLE)

Please select all that apply.

Label	Value	Notes
More frequent extreme weather and climate events (i.e., heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, storms, floods)	1
Reduced glacier cover	2
Increased pests in forests (e.g., pine beetle, invasive species)	3
Changing animal distributions	4
Reduced ice cover (e.g., sea ice, lake ice, river ice)	5
Permafrost thaw	6
Sea-level rise	7
Increased coastal erosion	8
Fluctuating lake water levels	9
Reduced reliability of ice roads	10
Reduced food and economic security	11
Increased demand on physical and mental health	12
Increased demand for emergency assistance	13
Biodiversity loss	14
Greater risk of certain diseases, such as Lyme disease and West Nile virus	15
Decrease in oil resources	16
Discovery of new wildlife species	17
All of the above	21
(DO NOT READ) None of the above	97	F/X
(DO NOT READ) Don't know	98	F/X
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99	F/X

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q10

Do you feel these hazards caused by climate change will become more serious or less serious in Canada in the next 5 to 10 years?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
More serious	1
Less serious	2
Stay the same	3
Do not know	4
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

QFLT2: Responsibility

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[STATEMENT LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES:]

Q11

To what extent do you feel climate change is impacting the following?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST.)

Check all that apply.

[STATEMENT LIST]

Label	Value	Notes
The economy and our ability to earn a living	1
The natural environment and its ability to provide for us	2
Our health and well-being	3
Our security and preparedness for disasters	4
Our infrastructure, such as roads, housing, and utilities
The culture and identity of Canada	5

[RESPONSE LIST (Scale):]

Label	Value	Notes
A lot	1
Moderately	2
A little	3
Not at all	4
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLES MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES: max 3]

[INTERVIEWER NOTES: DO NOT READ LIST. CHECK 3. Note: If respondent does not know or asks for examples, give some options on the list]

Q12

Which 3 aspects of our Health and Well Being do you feel climate change is impacting the most?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. SEVERAL MENTIONS POSSIBLE)

Please select 3 answers .

Label	Value	Notes
Mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress disorder)	1
Physical health (e.g., respiratory, heat related illnesses, vector or water-borne diseases, etc.)	2
Food safety and security (e.g., from wildfires, droughts, flooding, changes to length of growing season)	3
Water quality and quantity	4
Air quality	5
(DO NOT READ) None of the above	97	F/X
(DO NOT READ) Don't know	98	F/X
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99	F/X

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLE MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES: max 3]

Q13

[WEB: Among the following list], which 3 aspects of our Infrastructure system are you most worried about, when it comes to climate change?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

DO NOT READ LIST. CHECK 3. Note: If respondent does not know or asks for examples, give some options on the list

Please select 3 answers .

Label	Value	Notes
Energy and Utilities (e.g., power stations, pipelines, dams, power lines, natural gas, renewable energy infrastructure, etc.)	1
Water (e.g., wastewater and stormwater infrastructure, water supply infrastructure)	2
Transportation (e.g., roads, bridges, highways, railways, airports, etc.)
Buildings (e.g., residential, commercial, health care, school, government buildings, etc.)
Economic Hubs (e.g., ports, harbours, waterways, etc.)
Information and Telecommunication technologies (e.g., internet, cell towers, data, hardware, software, etc.)

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q14

Among the 4 following aspects of biodiversity in our natural environment, which one are you most worried about?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

Label	Value	Notes
Marine and coastal ecosystems	1
Freshwater ecosystems (e.g., rivers, lakes, wetlands)	2
Terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., forest, grasslands, mountains)	3
Aerial ecosystems (e.g., birds)	4

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLE MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

[PHONE: OPEN ENDED]

Q15

Among the following list, which 3 sectors of Canada’s economy do you think will be most impacted by climate change in the future?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(DO NOT READ LIST. SEVERAL MENTIONS POSSIBLE)

Please select all that apply.

Label	Value	Notes
Forestry	1
Fisheries	2
Agriculture	3
Mining	4
Energy	5
Transportation	6
Tourism	7

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q17

In your opinion, compared to other communities around you, is your community more, less or not at risk to the impacts of climate change?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
More at risk	1
At about the same risk	2
At lower risk	3
Not at risk	4
(DO NOT READ) I don’t know	96

SCT MOST AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLES MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES: max 14]

Q19

Within the past five years, which of the following climate-related events have you experienced in your community?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. SEVERAL MENTIONS POSSIBLE)

Please select all that apply.

Label	Value	Notes
Coastal erosion	1
Flooding	2
Landslide	3
Wildfire	4
High wind/hurricane/tornado	5
Heatwave	6
Drought	7
Permafrost thaw	8
Sea level rise	9
Other, please specify
(DO NOT READ) None that I can recall	97	F/X SKIP TO NEXT SECTION
(DO NOT READ) Don't know	98	F/X SKIP TO NEXT SECTION

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLE MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

[PHONE ONLY: OPEN-ENDED]

Q20

What were the direct impacts of the climate-related event that occurred in your community on you and/or your household?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST.)

Please select all that apply.

Label	Value	Notes
Felt isolated with no one to rely on	1
Had to leave our home temporarily	2
Had some physical health problems (e.g., heat related illnesses, respiratory problems, physically injured from an event)	3
Had some mental health problems (e.g., Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, depression)	4
House/property damage	5
Lost access to a critical utility (roads, hospitals, drinking water, sewage, electricity, fuel) for a long period of time	6
Had to spend personal money to address these impacts	7
Had to leave our home permanently	8
Had limited access to essential supplies (food, water)	9
Was physically stuck in a specific area for more than an hour (e.g., roads were blocked/damaged and could not drive anywhere else)	10
(DO NOT READ) None of the above	98
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q21

In your opinion, how was the situation handled by…?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
Sufficient actions were taken	1
Some actions were taken	2
The actions taken were insufficient, more was required	3
I don’t know
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

Label	Value	Notes
… yourself	1
… your community	2
… your municipality	3
… your provincial government	4
… the federal government	5

[ASK IF Q19=1 to 9]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q22

How long after the climate event would you say it took for your life to return to normal (e.g., for your house to be repaired, for the road to be fixed, for your physical health to return, for your mental health to return, for you to return to your job)?

Label	Value	Notes
Less than a year	1
1 – 2 years	2
More than 2 years	3
It did not return to normal, but I know it will	4
I don’t think my life will ever be the same	5
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

Q23

In your opinion, what could have been done, or done differently, to better handle the situation?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(PROBE FOR A SINGLE SPECIFIC ANSWER)
Please enter your answer in the box below.

Label	Value	Notes
Please specify	96
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK IF MOST AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q24

Knowing that you live in a community more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, how concerned are you about the future based on how the climate-related event(s) you experienced were managed?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
Very concerned	1
Somewhat concerned	2
Not very concerned	3
Not concerned at all	4
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK IF FROM MOST AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q25

From which of the following would you expect to provide more support to your community for managing climate-related events?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please all that apply.

Label	Value	Notes
The Federal Government	1
Your Provincial or Territorial Government	2
Your Local Government	3
The private sector	4
Your community	5
Non-governmental organizations	6
Don’t know
Don’t have enough information to say
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

QFLT3: Responsibility

SCT AWARENESS OF ACTIONS

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q26

To the best of your knowledge, do you think enough is being done to minimize climate risks and to help Canadians prepare for climate change?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
Yes, enough is being done and I feel prepared	1
Some is being done but more needs to be done so I feel prepared	2
Not enough is being done and much more should be done as I do not feel prepared at all	3
I don’t know
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

Q27

Before today, have you ever read or heard anything about something called “The National Adaptation Strategy”?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
Yes	1
No	2
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK IF Q27=1]

[OPEN-END MULTIPLE MENTION]

[PROGRAMMER NOTES:]

Q28

Please describe your understanding of the National Adaptation Strategy.

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(PROBE FOR A SINGLE SPECIFIC ANSWER)
Please enter your answer in the box below.

Label	Value	Notes
Please specify	96
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[MULTIPLE MENTIONS]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

Q29

To the best of your knowledge, which adaptation solutions have already been implemented by your community?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

[INTERVIEWER NOTE: Do not read list. Check all that apply. Note: If respondent does not know or asks for examples, give some options on the list]

Please select all that apply.

Label	Value	Notes
Flood maps updated within the past 10 years	1
Climate risk projections	2
Urban greening initiatives for heat and water management (e.g., cooling centres, water and food storage, heat shelters)	3
Subsidies for home retrofits specifically for hail, flood, fires, wind	4
Established a network for emergencies (e.g., buddy systems, meeting spots, etc.)	6
I am not sure if any of these have been implemented by my community	96
(DO NOT READ) None of these were put in place in my community	97	F/X

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: Randomized]

Q30

In your opinion, what are the 3 most important reasons to adapt to climate change?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST.)

Label	Value	Notes
To preserve the health of Canadians	1
For the safety of communities	2
To protect our critical infrastructure (e.g., roads, telecommunications, power, water)	3
To protect our identity and culture	4
To protect our agriculture and food production	5
For future generations	6
To protect our jobs	7
(DO NOT READ) None of these	97	F/X

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[LIST ORDER: In order]

CMNTY

Are you a part of a community (e.g., school group, work group, exercise group, large family, faith group, etc.) that you can rely on in times of need (e.g., people who would offer you somewhere to stay in times of need, people who would deliver you food in times of need, etc.)?

RESPONDENT/INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION:

(READ LIST. ONLY ONE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Please select one answer.

Label	Value	Notes
Yes, I am part of a community	1
I am part of a community, but not close enough to ask them for a favour	2
No, I am not part of a community	3
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	99

SCT LANGUAGE – WEB ONLY

Q31

When you think about climate change and the future climate impacts we might feel in the future (e.g., more heat, flooding, wildfires, sea level rise, etc.), which term do you think best captures our efforts to make the impacts less severe on people living in Canada?:

Label	Value	Notes
Climate change adaptation	1
Climate resilience	2
Climate preparedness	3
Preparing for climate change	4
Increasing our adaptive capacity	5
Other: Please specify	6	O
(DO NOT READ) Don’t know		F/X

Q32

What does the term climate preparedness mean to you? (open ended question)

Experimental GROUP #1 (CONTROL GROUP)

Q33A

Please indicate your level of support or opposition for the following action designed to address climate change. [SELECT ONE RESPONSE ONLY]

Increasing investments in adaptation initiatives to adapt to climate change all over Canada.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

NEW PAGE

Q34A

Now please indicate your level of support or opposition to each of the following statements about climate change.

[Following three items in this order on same matrix with identical response options]

Preparing for climate change should be a top priority of the Federal Government moving forward.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Spending money to help Canadian communities prepare for climate change is a sound investment by the federal government.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Even though the federal government spending more money to help Canadian communities prepare for climate change results in higher taxes, I am willing to pay the price.

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Experimental GROUP #2 (Adaptive Capacity)

Please read the statement below carefully. You will be asked a few questions in the next window.

Adaptive capacity is the ability of a (human) system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes), to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences of climate change.

NEW PAGE

Q33B

Please indicate your level of support or opposition for the following action designed to help Canada build adaptive capacity. [SELECT ONE RESPONSE ONLY]

Increasing investments to implement tangible actions to build adaptive capacity all around Canada.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

NEW PAGE

Q34B

Now please indicate your level of support or opposition to each of the following statements about adaptive capacity.

[Following three items in this order on same matrix with identical response options]

Adaptive capacity should be a top priority of the Federal Government moving forward.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Spending money to increase the adaptive capacity of Canadian communities from the impacts of climate change is a sound investment by the federal government.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Even though the federal government spending more money to increase the adaptive capacity of Canadian communities from the impacts of climate change results in higher taxes, I am willing to pay the price.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Experimental GROUP #3 (Resilience)

Please read the statement below carefully. You will be asked a few questions in the next window.

Resilience is the ability of a system or community to rebound following a shock such as a natural disaster. Building resilience requires not only recognizing potential hazards like extreme weather events, but also understanding the underlying vulnerabilities that may affect recovery from them. NEW PAGE

Q33C

Please indicate your level of support or opposition for the following actions designed to help Canada build resilience. [SELECT ONE RESPONSE ONLY]

Increasing investments to implement tangible actions to increase climate resilience all around Canada.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

NEW PAGE

Q34C

Now please indicate your level of support or opposition to each of the following statements about resilience.

[Following three items in this order on same matrix with identical response options]

Climate resilience should be a top priority of the Federal Government moving forward.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Spending money to increase the climate resilience of Canadian communities from the impacts of climate change is a sound investment by the federal government.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Even though the federal government spending more money to increase the climate resilience of Canadian communities from the impacts of climate change results in higher taxes, I am willing to pay the price.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Experimental GROUP #4 (Preparedness)

Please read the statement below carefully. You will be asked a few questions in the next window.

Preparedness refers to the actions taken prior to a disaster to be ready to respond to it and manage its consequences.

NEW PAGE

Q33D

Please indicate your level of support or opposition for the following action designed to help Canada build preparedness. [SELECT ONE RESPONSE ONLY]

Increasing investments to implement tangible actions to increase climate preparedness all around Canada.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

NEW PAGE

Q34D

Now please indicate your level of support or opposition to each of the following statements about preparedness.

[Following three items in this order on same matrix with identical response options]

Climate preparedness should be a top priority of the Federal Government moving forward.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Spending money to increase the climate preparedness of Canadian communities from the impacts of climate change is a sound investment by the federal government.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

Even though the federal government spending more money to increase the climate preparedness of Canadian communities from the impacts of climate change results in higher taxes, I am willing to pay the price.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Not sure

SCT SOCIO

[ASK STATU TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

STATU

You are...?

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(READ LIST. SINGLE MENTION ONLY)

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Married	1
Never married (including living common law)	2
Separated (including living common law)	3
Divorced (including living common law)	4
Widowed (including living common law)	5
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	9

[ASK IND TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

IND

Do you consider yourself to be an Indigenous person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit)?

Label	Value
No, not an Indigenous person	01
Yes, First Nations (North American Indian)	02
Yes, Métis	03
Yes, Inuk (Inuit)	04
Prefer not to say (VOLUNTEERED)	09

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

MINO

Do you consider yourself to be a visible minority?

According to the Employment Equity Act, visible minority refers to persons, other than Indigenous persons, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.

(UNE SEULE MENTION POSSIBLE)

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Yes	1
No	2
I prefer not to answer	99

[ASK ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

IMMI

Were you born in Canada?

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Yes	1
No	2

[ASK IF IMMI=2]

[SINGLE MENTION]

[ORDRE DE LA LISTE : In order]

IMMI2

Are you currently a:

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Canadian citizen	1
Permanent resident	2
Non-permanent resident	3

[ASK SCOL TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

SCOL

What is the last year of education that you have completed?

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(READ LIST. SINGLE MENTION ONLY)

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Elementary (7 years or less)	1
High school, general or vocational (8 to 12 years)	2
College (pre-university, technical training, certificate, accreditation or advanced diploma (13-15 years))	3
University certificate or diploma	4
University Bachelor (including classical studies)	5
University Master's degree	6
University Doctorate (PhD)	7
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	9

[ASK EMPLO TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

EMPLO

What is your current employment status?

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(READ LIST. SINGLE MENTION ONLY)

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Working full time	1
Working part time	2
Unemployed	3
Student	4
Not in labour force	5
I prefer not to answer	9

[ASK PROP TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

PROP

Do you OWN or RENT your current main residence?

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Own	1
Rent	2
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	9

[ASK DWELL TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

DWELL

Is your primary place of residence a...?

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
Townhouse	1
Single family home	2
Duplex	3
Triplex	4
Fourplex	5
Residential building of 3 storeys or less	6
Residential building of 4 floors or more	7
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	9

[ASK REVEN TO ALL]

[SINGLE MENTION]

REVEN

Among the following categories, which one best reflects the total INCOME, before taxes, of all the members of your household in 2022?

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

(READ LIST. SINGLE MENTION ONLY)

Label	Value	Attribute	Termination
$19,999 or less	1
Between $20,000 and $39,999	2
Between $40,000 and $59,999	3
Between $60,000 and $79,999	4
Between $80,000 and $99,999	5
$100,000 or more	6
(DO NOT READ) I prefer not to answer	9