Canadian Views on International Assistance Tracking Study - Final Report

Prepared for Global Affairs Canada

Supplier:

Ekos Research Associates Inc.

Contract Number:

08C91-210105/001/CY

Contract Value:

$73,708.94

Award Date:

January 20, 2022

Delivery Date:

March 28, 2022

Registration Number:

POR 106-21

For more information on this report, please contact Global Affairs Canada at POR-ROP@international.gc.ca.

This research report presents the results of an online survey conducted by Ekos Research Associates Inc. on behalf of Global Affairs Canada. The research involved an online survey of 3,056 Canadians. The survey was conducted across Canada in both official languages. The field dates for the survey were January 31-February 22, 2022.

Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre : Opinions canadiennes sur l'aide internationale (étude de suivi).

This publication may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes only. Prior written permission must be obtained from Global Affairs Canada.

For more information on this report, please contact Global Affairs Canada at: POR-ROP@international.gc.ca.

Catalogue Number:

FR5-185/2022E-PDF

International Standard Book Number (ISBN):

978-0-660-42385-2

Catalogue Number (French Report):

FR5-185/2022F-PDF

ISBN:

978-0-660-42388-3

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Public Works and Government Services, 2022

Table of Contents

• Summary
  1. Background and objectives
  2. Methodology
  3. Key findings
  4. Contract value
  5. Political neutrality certification
• Detailed Findings
  1. Canadian world views
  2. Concern about global poverty
  3. Views on international aid
  4. Interest in global poverty and development
  5. Involvement with development charity groups
  6. Views on international development NGOs and charities
• Appendices
  1. Detailed Methodology
  2. Survey Questionnaire

Summary

A. Background and objectives

International assistance is a key component of Canada's foreign policy, but the work that Canada does to support developing countries can seem disconnected from the everyday lives of Canadians at home. To effectively bridge the gap between Canadians' experiences and issues happening thousands of kilometres away, Global Affairs Canada requires a solid understanding of how the Canadian public views international assistance and global issues. Global Affairs Canada would also benefit from knowing how the views of Canadians compare to those of people in other like-minded countries. This will enable Global Affairs Canada to make evidence-based decisions about how they frame communications messages, announcements, programs and policies.

Global Affairs Canada had undertaken its own public opinion research in February 2020 and February 2021 to learn more about Canadian attitudes toward international assistance. These surveys revealed that while most Canadians remain unaware of assistance efforts, awareness has increased modestly. Canadians said they were proud of Canada's international assistance activities and believed them to be important. However, the public perception is that the Government of Canada performs poorly when communicating about international assistance and there is a lack of confidence in Government of Canada information.

Global Affairs Canada began looking at the international public opinion research into public attitudes toward aid and assistance conducted by the Development Engagement Lab (DEL), researchers based out of University College London. DEL has conducted online public opinion research since 2013 with populations from Great Britain, the United States, France and Germany.

Consequently, Global Affairs Canada commissioned Ekos Research Associates to conduct an online survey in Canada that mirrors the questions and methodology of the DEL tracking panel. With DEL's permission, this study employs a similar methodology and questionnaire, which will allow for in-depth analysis of what the Canadian public thinks about international aid and global issues, as well as how those attitudes may have changed when confronted with changing circumstances, such as the pandemic.

The study aims to measure and better understand what the general public thinks about international assistance issues and why (and how) they decide to become involved. This information will be used to inform Global Affairs Canada's approach when communicating with the public about why international assistance matters, about the relevance and impact of individual projects, and about funding announcements related to these themes.

B. Methodology

The research involved an online survey of 3,056 adult Canadians. The results are valid within a margin of error of ± 1.8 percentage points, 19 times out of 20. The survey was conducted across Canada in both official languages. The field dates for the survey were January 31-February 22, 2022.

Appendix A contains a detailed description of the methodology used in this study.

Appendix B contains the full survey questionnaire.

Appendix C contains the data tables.

C. Key findings

Outlined below are key findings from the study. The remainder of this report describes survey results in more detail.

Results are organized around 6 main themes:

• Canadian world views
• concern about global poverty
• views on international aid
• interest in global poverty and development
• involvement with development charity groups
• views on international development NGOs and charities

Canadian world views

Results reveal that Canadians have a strong sense of global citizenship. Three in four (77%) say they enjoy visiting other countries and learning about other cultures, and roughly the same proportion (76%) feel they have a duty to ensure their actions do not harm people living in other countries. More than half of Canadians (54%) believe that what happens to people in other countries makes a difference to their own lives, and only 10% feel they have very little in common with the people living in other countries.

Findings also reveal that Canadians express strong views on global equality and compassion. Almost nine in ten (87%) agree that helping people in need is the right thing to do, and fully 78% agree that all people in the world should be treated equally. About half say they would feel very guilty if they ignored the needs of poor people in poor countries (52%), and that countries like Canada should give more money to international aid because it is the morally right thing to do (48%).

When asked how to secure a prosperous and safe country, most Canadians (64%) believe we are best placed to do this in cooperation with other countries. Very few (17%) think we are best placed to secure a prosperous and safe country on our own.

Concern about global poverty

Narrowing the focus to views on global poverty, two thirds of Canadians (64%) disagree that what happens in developing countries rarely affects them; only 1 in 5 (19%) agree with this idea.

The majority of Canadians (64%) also express concern about levels of poverty in poor countries; only 11% say they are not concerned about poverty in poor countries.

When asked to what extent they think various organizations are able to make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries, findings reveal that Canadians feel many of these organizations can make a difference in reducing world poverty, but are less confident in the Government of Canada's capacity, and their own ability to make an impact in this area. The majority of Canadians (63%) believe that businesses can make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries, followed closely by the United Nations and other international organizations (59%), and development NGOs/charities (56%). Interestingly, fewer than half of Canadians (45 %per cent) believe the Canadian government can make a difference in reducing world poverty, and only 13% per cent believe that they personally can make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries.

Views on international aid

Turning to views on international aid, results suggest fairly strong levels of support for providing international aid to poor countries. Over half of Canadians (55%) think that the Government of Canada should give international aid to poor countries; only 3 in 10 (28%) believe the government should not provide this type of aid.

Results further reveal that fully 71% agree that international aid improves people's lives by providing access to education, health care, clean water, and sanitation.

Results reveal more mixed views on whether the Government of Canada should increase or decrease the amount of money that it spends on international aid to poor countries. A plurality (37%) say the government should increase the amount of money spent on international aid, however, about 1 in 5 (23%) say the government should decrease its spending on international aid. About 1 in 3 (35%) feel the amount should stay the same.

When asked what they think the main purpose of international aid to poor countries should be, results reveal that a clear majority of Canadians (61%) feel the primary purpose of international aid spending should be to reduce poverty in poor countries; only 12% believe the primary purpose of international aid spending should be to promote Canada's national interests.

When asked to rank the most important priorities for government spending on international aid to poor countries, access to clean water was seen as most important (45%), followed by education (42%), and access to health care (37%).

Despite generally positive views on international aid, Canadians also express some fairly negative views about certain aspects of international aid. More than half feel that a lot of international aid from Canada ends up in the pockets of corrupt politicians in the developing world (58%) and that most international aid does not get to the intended recipients (56%).

Results also reveal that only 1 in 4 Canadians (26%) believes that government spending on international aid is effective, while almost twice as many (42%) think that government spending is ineffective.

Despite mixed views on the effectiveness of international aid, half of Canadians (51%) think that international aid helps countries become self-sufficient; rather than making countries too dependent on charity (26 per cent), and only 1 in 5 feels Canada cannot afford to provide international aid.

Interest in global poverty and development

Results suggest that Canadians are fairly interested in global poverty and development issues. Fully 79% say they have read, watched, or listened to a news article about global poverty and development in the last year, and two thirds (64%) say they have discussed global poverty with friends, family, or others over this time frame. A sizable minority (32%) say they have shared/forwarded an article or information about this issue over the past year.

When asked if the news they have read/heard/seen/shared about global poverty was generally more positive than negative, only 13% say the news they saw about global poverty was more positive than negative while two thirds (66%) say the news they have been exposed to was more negative than positive.

Involvement with development charity groups

Turning to Canadians' involvement with development charity groups, respondents were asked whether they have donated money to an international NGO or charity working on global poverty and development in the past 12 months. Three in ten (30%) say they have donated money to an international NGO or charity, however, the clear majority of Canadians (67%) have not.

Respondents were also asked if they have been involved with a development charity or group in the past year. Results reveal limited involvement with these groups. Only 20% of Canadians say they became a member of or subscribed to a newsletter from a development charity or group in the past year; even fewer (10%) say they have volunteered for an organization or charity working on global poverty over this time frame.

Canadians were also asked about their actions in support of or opposition to efforts to address global poverty. Most say they have not taken any of the actions presented in the survey. Almost 4 in 10 (39%) say they have purchased products/services or boycotted products/services to support efforts aimed at reducing global poverty. One in four (25%) say they have taken action such as signing a petition or writing a blog to support efforts aimed at addressing global poverty. Very few say they have contacted a Member of Parliament or other elected official (9%) or participated in a march, rally, protest, or other large event (4%) to support the efforts of addressing global poverty. Virtually no one has undertaken any of these actions to oppose efforts to address global poverty.

Views on international development NGOs and charities

Canadians were also asked to rate the level of trust they have in international development NGOs and charities. Results reveal very mixed views on this issue. Almost 4 in 10 (39%) say they trust these types of organizations, however, roughly the same proportion (40%) express little trust in them.

When asked for their views on corporate partnerships between private sector business and charities, results again reveal mixed views. Half of Canadians (53%) agree that partnering with private sector corporations is a smart way for charities to increase their resources and impact. However, roughly the same proportion (52%) agree that private sector corporations that partner with charities are just trying to boost their reputation and enhance their brand. Only about 4 in 10 (41%) feel that corporate partnerships with charities effectively harness the power of business to achieve wider social goals. However, only 3 in 10 (27%) agree that charities that partner with private sector corporations are compromised and less trustworthy.

Results also reveal that a clear majority of Canadians (63%) feel it is important that large international development NGOs partner with local NGOs to deliver aid programs and funding; only 8% feel this is not important.

Conclusions and implications

Survey results reveal Canadians generally have positive attitudes about international aid and its role in fighting global poverty. They support federal government aid to poor countries, and most think that international aid should at least stay at the current levels. Canadians understand that international aid helps other countries become self-sufficient and should be driven by altruistic reasons to reduce poverty, not for realist purposes such as promoting Canada's national interest abroad.

Canadians think that there are many advantages to international aid. Specifically, they feel that international aid can improve people's lives by providing access to education, health care, and clean water.

Moreover, Canadians think that the federal government can afford to continue providing international aid. This finding is important given that this survey was taken during the COVID-19 pandemic when other economic issues (for example, inflation) would likely be top of mind for many Canadians. The fact that Canadians still believe that international aid should continue at this time emphasizes the importance of international aid for Canadians.

There are caveats to this overall positive picture. Many Canadians think that international aid is ineffective and that corporations, the United Nations, and international NGOs can do more to reduce poverty than can the Canadian government. Many Canadians also think that Canadian foreign aid does not always get to its intended recipients and often ends up in the pockets of corrupt politicians.

Overall, however, Canadians see global poverty as a serious problem and are widely supportive of providing international aid to poor countries. Furthermore, Canadians generally think that there is an interconnectedness between themselves and the rest of the world. They believe in global cooperation and reject isolationism. Canadians see themselves as part of a global community in which prosperity is achieved by working with other countries and that poverty in other countries also affects Canadians themselves negatively.

Key demographic and regional differences

Throughout the survey, females are more likely than males to express positive views about international aid and its intended purpose to combat global poverty. Women are also more likely to express views consistent with international cooperation and multilateralism. They are not as pessimistic about foreign aid likely ending up in the hands of corrupt politicians and they are more likely to engage in global poverty activism, such as signing a petition or boycotting products/services.

Findings also reveal significant differences between university-educated Canadians and those with lower education levels. As was the case with the responses by females, Canadians with a university degree have more positive views about international aid and are less cynical about its intended purposes. They are more likely to think that it is important that Canada continue to provide foreign assistance and that the goal should be to reduce global poverty, not advance Canada's national interest. Moreover, those with university education are more likely to think that international aid is effective and are far more likely to participate and engage in global poverty activism than Canadians without a university degree.

There are also key differences among the age groups, most notably between younger Canadians (18 to 34 years old) and older Canadians (65 years old and older). Younger Canadians are more likely to be negative about international aid and less likely to think that matters taking place outside Canada affect them. Moreover, they are less likely to feel that foreign aid spending should increase and are significantly less likely to believe that the primary purpose of aid is to reduce poverty in poorer countries.

The survey also revealed some regional differences. Canadians in Quebec, British Columbia, and Atlantic Canada express the most positive views about international aid and its aims and express the most altruistic and internationalist views. Conversely, Canadians in the Prairie provinces, that is, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, are the most likely to be negative about the aims, purposes and results of international aid and more likely to express isolationist views.

D. Contract value

The contract value for the POR project is $73,708.94 (including HST).

Supplier Name:

Ekos Research Associates

PWGSC Contract Number:

08C91-210105/001/CY

Contract Award Date:

January 20, 2022

For more information on this report, please contact Global Affaires Canada at: POR-ROP@international.gc.ca.

E. Political neutrality certification

This certification is to be submitted with the final report submitted to the Project Authority.

I hereby certify as Senior Officer of Ekos Research Associates Inc. that the deliverables fully comply with the Government of Canada political neutrality requirements outlined in the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada and Procedures for Planning and Contracting Public Opinion Research.

Specifically, the deliverables do not include information on electoral voting intentions, political party preferences, standings with the electorate, or ratings of the performance of a political party or its leaders.

Signed by Derek Jansen (Vice President)

Detailed findings

A. Canadian world views

Top 3 issues

Canadians were first asked to choose from a list the top 3 global issues they care about personally. Results reveal that climate change/the environment is mentioned most often (53%), followed by inequality between the rich and the poor (43%), and economic crises, job security, wages (40%). Fake news (38%) and populism (35%) are seen as second-tier issues of importance to Canadians. Immigration/refugees (13%) and technology/artificial intelligence (18%) are seen as the least important concerns among the issues examined.

• Canadians living in Quebec (64%), university graduates (57%), and those earning from $80,000 to $150,000 in annual household income (57%) are more likely to select climate change/the environment as a top issue of concern.
• Those 18 to 34 years old (49%), Canadians living in Ontario (46%), and those earning less than $40,000 in household income (51%) are more likely to list inequality between the rich and the poor as a top global issue.
• Residents of Alberta (48%) and college graduates (44%) are more likely to say that economic crises/job security/wages is a top global concern.

Attitudes toward other countries

Respondents were also asked a number of questions about their views on other countries. Results reveal that Canadians have a strong sense of global citizenship. About 3 in 4 (77%) say they enjoy visiting other countries and learning about other cultures, and roughly the same proportion (76%) feel they have a duty to ensure their actions do not harm people living in other countries. More than half of Canadians (54%) believe that what happens to people in other countries makes a difference to their own lives; only 10 % feel they have very little in common with the people living in other countries.

• The likelihood of saying that they enjoy visiting other countries and learning about other cultures decreases progressively with age (from 81% among those 18 to 34 years old to 74% among those 65 years old and older), and rises progressively with education (from 67% among high school graduates to 82% among university graduates), and income (from 69% among those earning less than $40,000 in household income to 86% among those earning $150,000 or more).
• Agreement with the idea that they have a duty to ensure their actions do not harm people living in other countries is higher among those 65 years old and older (84%), females (80%), and university graduates (80%).
• Females (58%), university graduates (58%), and those earning $150,000 or more in household income (59%) are particularly likely to agree that what happens to people in other countries makes a difference to their own lives.
• Those earning less than $40,000 in household income are more likely to agree that they have very little in common with people living in other countries (15%, compared to 10% overall).

Views on equality and compassion

Canadians were asked a number of questions about global equality and compassion. Findings reveal that almost 9 in 10 (87%) agree that helping people in need is the right thing to do, and fully 78% agree that all people in the world should be treated equally. Half say they would feel very guilty if they ignored the needs of poor people in poor countries (52%), and that countries like Canada should give more money to international aid because it is the morally right thing to do (48%).

• The likelihood of agreeing that all people in the world should be treated equally is higher among those 65 years old and older (84%), residents of Quebec (84%), and females (82%).
• Those 65 years old and older (90%), females (89%), and university graduates (89%) are more likely to believe that helping people in need is the right thing to do.
• The likelihood of feeling guilty if they ignored the needs of poor people is higher among those 18 to 34 years old (56%), residents of Quebec (55%), females (58%), and university graduates (56%).
• Those 65 years old and older (55%), residents of Quebec (55%), females (53%), and university graduates (53%) are more likely to feel that countries like Canada should give more money to international aid because it is the morally right thing to do.

Views on securing a prosperous and safe country

When asked how to secure a prosperous and safe country, most Canadians (64%) believe we are best placed to do this in cooperation with other countries. Very few (17%) think we are best placed to secure a prosperous and safe country on our own.

• Those 65 years old and older (72%), university graduates (68%), and those earning $150,000 or more in household income (69%) are more likely to agree that we are best placed to secure a prosperous and safe country in cooperation with other countries.
• Conversely, residents of Alberta (22%) are more likely to believe that we are best placed to secure a prosperous and safe country on our own.

Views on coexistence

In terms of views on coexistence with others in the world, most Canadians (71%) agree that it's a big beautiful world, mostly full of good people, and we should not allow ourselves to become isolated. Only 15% believe that our lives are threatened by terrorists, criminals and immigrants, and our priority should be to protect ourselves.

• Females (75%), university graduates (75%), and those with an annual household income of $150,000 or higher (76%) are more likely to agree that it's a big beautiful world and we must find a way to embrace each other.

World outlook

Despite a generally positive world outlook, when asked whether they think the world is getting better, worse, or if there has been no change, results reveal a fair bit of pessimism among Canadians: fully 76% agree that the world is getting worse; only 9% feel it is getting better.

• Those 18 to 34 years old (12%), males (10%) and university graduates (11%) are more likely to feel the world is getting better.
• Those 65 years old and older (81%), residents of Alberta (82%), and college graduates (80%) are most likely to believe the world is getting worse.

Views on prioritizing basic needs versus the environment

Canadians were asked about prioritizing a sustainable environment and climate versus people's basic needs for food, housing, and health care. Results are split, with roughly the same proportion prioritizing food, housing and health care (36%) as prioritizing a sustainable environment and climate (31%). Interestingly, a fairly large proportion of Canadians indicate neither, suggesting they think both of these issues should be prioritized.

• Agreement with the idea that we should prioritize people's needs for food, housing, and health care is higher among residents of Alberta (47%) and males (40%).
• Residents of Quebec, British Columbia and Atlantic Canada (36%, respectively) are more likely to respond that we should prioritize a sustainable environment and climate.

Influence on politics and public affairs

When asked how much influence they feel they have on politics and public affairs, most Canadians feel they exert little influence on public policy. Only 17% think they have some influence in public affairs, while fully 7 in 10 (71%) think they have little influence in this area.

• Those 65 years old and older (68%), residents of Alberta (76%), males (75%), and high school graduates (75%) are more likely to say they have little influence on politics and public affairs.

Views on democracy

Survey results indicate that Canadians strongly agree with the idea that democracy is about achieving compromise among differing viewpoints. Fully 75% of Canadians agree with this idea; only 9% disagree.

• Agreement with the idea that democracy is about achieving compromise among differing viewpoints rises progressively with age (from 64% among those 18 to 34 years old, to 82% among those 65 years old and older).
• Those with an annual household income of $150,000 or higher (79%) are also more likely to believe that democracy is about achieving compromise among different viewpoints.

Opinion on whether people get what they deserve

Results also reveal that most Canadians (62%) disagree with the statement that generally speaking, people get what they deserve.

• Disagreement with the idea that generally speaking people get what they deserve is higher among those 65 years old and older (68%), residents of Quebec (66%), and females (70%).

B. Concern about global poverty

Views on developing countries

Survey results reveal strong disagreement with the statement that what happens in developing countries rarely affects people living in Canada. Only 1 in 5 Canadians (19%) agree with this statement, and two thirds (64%) disagree with it.

• Disagreement with the idea that what happens in developing countries rarely affects people living in Canada is higher among those 65 years old and older (71%) and females (68%).

Views on poverty in poor countries

When asked how concerned they are about levels of poverty in poor countries, the majority of Canadians (64%) express concern about this issue; only 11% say they are not concerned about poverty in poor countries.

• Those 65 years old and older (74%), females (71%), those earning less than $40,000 in household income (69%), and university graduates (67%) are more likely to be concerned about levels of poverty in poor countries.

Organizations that could make a difference to reducing poverty

When asked to what extent they think various organizations are able to make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries, Canadians feel that many of these organizations can make a difference in reducing world poverty, but are less confident in the Government of Canada's capacity and their own ability to make an impact in this area. The majority of Canadians (63%) believe that businesses can make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries, followed closely by the United Nations and other international organizations (59%), and development NGOs/charities (56%). Fewer than half of Canadians (45%) believe the Canadian government can make a difference in reducing world poverty; only 13% believe that they personally can make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries.

• Residents of Quebec (68%), females (69%) and university graduates (68%) are more likely to say that businesses/corporations can make a great deal of difference in reducing poverty in poor countries.
• Those 18 to 34 years old (62%), residents of Quebec (69%) and Atlantic Canada (67%), females (67%), and those earning less than $40,000 in household income (68%) are more likely to believe that the United Nations and other international organizations can make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries.
• Residents of Quebec (66%), females (61%), and university graduates (62%) are more likely to say that development NGOs/charities can make a difference.
• Those 18 to 34 years old (49%), residents of Atlantic Canada (54%) and Quebec (52%), females (51%), and university graduates (51%) are more likely to say the Canadian government can make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries.
• Relative to the national response, residents of Atlantic Canada are more likely to believe that they personally can make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries (20%, compared to 13% nationally).

Outlook on extreme poverty

Despite a belief that many organizations can make a difference in reducing poverty in poor countries, results reveal pessimism about actually ending global poverty in the near future. When asked whether they think extreme poverty will be eradicated by the year 2030, a clear majority of Canadians (84%) disagree with this idea; only 4% agree).

• Disagreement with the idea that extreme poverty will be eradicated by the year 2030 rises progressively with age (from 77% among those 18 to 34 years old, to 87% among those 55 years old and older).

C. Views on international aid

Views on Government of Canada international aid

Results suggest fairly strong levels of support for providing international aid to poor countries. Over half of Canadians (55%) think that the Government of Canada should give international aid to poor countries; only 3 in 10 (28%) believe the government should not provide this type of aid.

• Those 65 years old and older (61%), residents of Quebec (63%), females (60%), and university graduates (61%) are more likely to feel the government should provide aid to poor countries.
• Conversely, residents of Alberta (41%) are most likely to feel the government should not provide international aid to poor countries.

Views on spending on international aid

Canadians were asked whether they think that the Government of Canada should increase or decrease the amount of money that it spends on international aid to poor countries. Results reveal mixed views on this issue. A plurality (37%) say the government should increase the amount of money spent on international aid, however, 1 in 5 (23%) say the government should decrease its spending on international aid. About 1 in 3 Canadians (35%) feel the amount should stay the same.

• Those 65 years old and older (44%), residents of Quebec (48%), females (41%), and university graduates (43%) are more likely to say the Government of Canada should increase its spending on international aid to poor countries.

Primary purpose of international aid

Canadians were asked what they think the main purpose of international aid to poor countries should be: reducing poverty or promoting Canada's national interest. A clear majority (61%) said that the primary purpose of Canada's international aid spending should be to reduce poverty in poor countries; only 12% said the primary purpose of Canada's international aid spending should be to promote Canada's national interests.

• The likelihood of saying the primary purpose of international aid should be to reduce poverty in poor countries is higher among females (68%), and rises progressively with age (from 49% among those 18 to 34 years old, to 72% among those 65 years old and older), and education (from 56% among high school graduates, to 65% among university graduates).

Views on international aid

Respondents were asked a number of questions concerning their attitudes about international aid. Results reveal that fully 71% agree that international aid improves people's lives by providing access to education, health care, clean water, and sanitation. However, fewer than half agree that international aid increases economic growth in poor countries (47%) or that international aid to poor countries strengthens Canada's political influence in the world. Only 1 in 3 (32%) believe that providing international aid helps to promote Canada's national security.

• The likelihood of agreeing that international aid improves people's lives by providing access to education, health care, clean water, and sanitation is higher among those 65 years old and older (79%), females (73%), and university graduates (74%).
• Those 65 years old and older (57%) and university graduates (51%) are more likely to say that international aid increases economic growth in poor countries.
• Those 18 to 34 years old (53%), residents of Quebec (49%), males (49%), university graduates (50%), and those earning $80,000 or more in annual household income (49%) are more likely to say that international aid to poor countries strengthens Canada's political influence in the world.
• Males (35%), those 18 to 34 years old (37%), and those earning $150,000 or more in household income (37%) are more likely to agree that providing international aid helps to promote Canada's national security.

Survey results reveal some fairly negative views about certain aspects of international aid. More than half of Canadians (58%) say that a lot of international aid from Canada ends up in the pockets of corrupt politicians in the developing world, and 56% say that most international aid does not get to the intended recipients. Moreover, 4 in 10 (43%) agree that most international aid is spent on programs that don't help reduce poverty. However, despite mixed views on international aid, only 1 in 5 (20%) say that Canada cannot afford to give international aid.

• The likelihood of saying that a lot of international aid from Canada ends up in the pockets of corrupt politicians in the developing world is higher among those 65 years old and older (61%), residents of Alberta (68%), males (63%), and college graduates (64%).
• Residents of Alberta (69%), males (61%), and college graduates (63%) are also more likely to say that most international aid does not get to the intended recipients.
• The likelihood of agreeing that most international aid is spent on programs that don't help reduce poverty is higher among residents of Alberta (55%) and males (47%).
• Residents of Alberta (30%), college graduates (26%), and males (23%) are more likely to say that Canada cannot afford to give international aid.

Views on effectiveness of government spending on international aid

Canadians were asked about the effectiveness of government spending on international aid. Only 1 in 4 Canadians (26%) say that government spending on international aid is effective, while almost twice as many (42%) say that government spending is ineffective.

• Residents of Atlantic Canada (33%) and university graduates (29%) are more likely to say that government spending on international aid is effective.
• Conversely, residents of Alberta (56%), and males (48%) are more likely to say that government spending on international aid is ineffective.

Government spending priorities

Respondents were asked to rank the most important priorities for government spending on international aid to poor countries. Access to clean water was seen as most important (45%), followed by education (42%), and access to health care (37%).

• Residents of British Columbia (52%), females (48%), and high school graduates (50%) are more likely to say access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene is the top priority for international aid.
• University graduates (47%) and those earning $150,000 or more in household income (48%) are more likely to rate education/skills/training as the most important priority.
• Females are particularly likely to say family planning (41%), access to health care (41%), and support for women's rights (32%) are top priorities for international aid.

Feelings about spending on aid to poor countries

Canadians were asked to describe their feelings about the Government of Canada's spending on aid to help people in poor countries. Results reveal mixed feelings, with no one dominant feeling expressed. A slight plurality say they feel indifferent, quiet, still (23%), while a similar proportion offer a more positive assessment, that is, hopeful, enthusiastic, optimistic (22%). A sizeable proportion report feeling fed up, sluggish and tired (18%), or anxious, unhappy, and dissatisfied (16%) when thinking about the Government of Canada's aid to poor countries. However, a similar proportion expressed more positive feelings about this issue: proud, encouraged, activated (17%), and content, satisfied, pleased (15%).

• Those 18 to 34 years old (32%), males (27%), and those earning $150,000 or more in household income (28%) are more likely to feel indifferent, quiet and/or still.
• Residents of British Columbia (26%) and Atlantic Canada (33%) are more likely to say they feel hopeful, enthusiastic and/or optimistic.
• Males (19%) are more likely to say they feel fed up, sluggish and/or tired.
• Those 18 to 34 years old (20%), residents of Atlantic Canada (23%), females (18%), and university graduates (20%) are more likely to feel proud, encouraged, or activated when thinking about Government of Canada aid to poor countries.

Attitudes toward international aid

Despite mixed feelings about international aid, half of Canadians (51%) think that international aid helps countries become self-sufficient rather than making countries too dependent on charity (26%).

• Those 65 years old and older (55%), females (57%), and university graduates (57%) are more likely to say that international aid helps countries become self-sufficient.
• Conversely, residents of Alberta (35%), males (33%), and high school and college graduates (32%, respectively) are more likely to feel that international aid makes countries too dependent on charity.

D. Interest in global poverty and development

Interest in global poverty and development

Canadians were asked a number of questions about their interest in global poverty and development issues. Results suggest that Canadians are fairly interested in this area. Fully 79% say they have read, watched, or listened to a news article about global poverty and development in the last year; two thirds (64%) say they have discussed global poverty with friends, family, or others over this time frame. A sizable minority (32%) say they have shared/forwarded an article or information about this issue over the past year.

• Those 65 years old and older (86%) and university graduates (82%) are more likely to say they have read, watched or listened to news about global poverty and development in the past year.
• Residents of British Columbia (69%), females (67%), and those earning $150,000 or more in household income (70%) are more likely to say they have discussed global poverty issues with friends, family, or others.
• University graduates (36%) are more likely to have shared/forwarded an article or information about global poverty and development.

Views on content about poverty

When asked if the news they have read/heard/seen/shared about global poverty was generally more positive than negative, most indicate a more negative content. Two thirds (66%) say the news they have been exposed to was more negative than positive; 13% say the news they saw about global poverty was more positive than negative.

• Residents of British Columbia (73%), females (69%), and those earning $80,000 to $150,000 (69%) are more likely to say they have heard more negative than positive news.
• University graduates and those 65 years old or older are more likely to say they have seen more positive than negative news (15%, respectively).

E. Involvement with development charity groups

Donations to international NGOs

Canadians were asked whether they have donated money to an international NGO or charity working on global poverty and development in the past 12 months. Three in ten (30%) say they have donated money to an international NGO or charity, however, the majority of Canadians (67%) have not.

• Those 65 years old and older (39%), females (34%), and university graduates (33%) are more likely to say they have donated money to an international NGO or charity.

Actions taken toward global poverty

Respondents were asked if they have been involved with a development charity or group in the past year. Results reveal limited involvement with these groups. Only 20% of Canadians say they became a member of or subscribed to a newsletter from a development charity or group in the past year; 10% say they have volunteered for an organization or charity working on global poverty over this time frame.

• Those 65 years old and older (26%), residents of Quebec (22%), females (23%), and university graduates (23%) are more likely to say they became a member of or subscribed to a newsletter from a development charity group.

Actions taken to address global poverty

Canadians were asked about their actions in support of or opposition to efforts to address global poverty. Most say they have not taken any of the actions suggested in the survey. Almost 4 in 10 (39%) say they have purchased products/services or boycotted products/services to support efforts to address global poverty. One in four (25%) say they have taken action such as signing a petition or writing a blog to support efforts aimed at addressing global poverty. Very few say they have contacted a Member of Parliament or other elected official (9%), or participated in a march, rally, protest, or other large event (4%) to support efforts to address global poverty. Virtually no one has undertaken actions to oppose efforts to address global poverty.

• Females (44%) and university graduates (44%) are more likely to say they have purchased or boycotted products/services to support efforts to address global poverty.
• Residents of Quebec (30%), females (28%), and university graduates (28%) are more likely to say they have spoken out to support efforts to address global poverty.
• University graduates (10%) and those earning $40,000 to $80,000 in household income (12%) are more likely to say they have contacted a Member of Parliament or other elected official to support efforts to address global poverty.
• Those 18 to 34 years old (9%), residents of Quebec (8%), and university graduates (6%) are more likely to say they have participated in a march, rally, protest or other large event to support efforts to address global poverty.

F. Views on international development NGOs and charities

Trust in international development NGOs and charities

Respondents were asked to rate the level of trust they have in international development NGOs and charities. Results reveal very mixed views on this issue. Almost 4 in 10 (39%) say they trust these types of organizations, however, roughly the same proportion (40%) express little trust in them.

• Trust in international development NGOs and charities is higher among those 18 to 34 years old (43%), residents of Quebec (48%), females (42%), and university graduates (47%).
• Residents of Saskatchewan and Manitoba together (48%), males (44%) and those with a high school education (48%) are more likely to express little trust in international development NGOs and charities.

Views on corporate partnerships

When asked for their views on corporate partnerships between private sector business and charities, results again reveal mixed views. Half of Canadians (53%) agree that partnering with private sector corporations is a smart way for charities to increase their resources and impact. However, roughly the same proportion (52%) agree that private sector corporations that partner with charities are just trying to boost their reputation and enhance their brand. Only about 4 in 10 (41%) feel that corporate partnerships with charities effectively harness the power of business to achieve wider social goals. However, only 3 in 10 (27%) agree that charities that partner with private sector corporations are compromised and less trustworthy.

• Those 65 years old and older (60%), males (55%), and those earning $150,000 or more in household income (59%) are more likely to feel that partnering with private sector corporations is a smart way for charities to increase their resources and impact.
• Males (59%) and those 35 to 54 years old (59%) are more likely to agree that private sector corporations that partner with charities are just trying to boost their reputation and enhance their brand.
• Those 65 years old and older (51%) and university graduates (46%) are more likely to respond that corporate partnerships with charities effectively harness the power of business to achieve wider social goals.
• Agreement with the idea that charities that partner with private sector corporations are compromised and less trustworthy is higher among those 18 to 34 years old (31%), males (31%), and those earning less than $40,000 in annual household income (33%).

Views on international development NGOs

Results reveal that a clear majority of Canadians (63%) feel it is important that large international development NGOs partner with local NGOs to deliver aid programs and funding; 8% feel this is not important.

• Those 65 years old and older (67%), residents of Quebec (73%), females (67%), and university graduates (68%) are more likely to feel it is important that large international development NGOs partner with local NGOs to deliver aid programs and funding.

Awareness of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

When respondents were asked if they have ever heard of or read about the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, results suggest limited awareness of these goals. Some 18% say they know what they are, while 1 in 3 (33%) say they have heard/read about them, but don't really know what they are. The plurality of Canadians (46%) say they have not heard of these goals.

• Those 18 to 34 years old (24%), residents of Alberta (23%), males (20%), and those earning $150,000 or more in household income (21%) are more likely to say they are aware of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Appendices

A. Detailed methodology

Methodology

The research involved an online survey of 3,056 Canadians. The results are valid within a margin of error of ± 1.8 percentage points, 19 times out of 20. The survey was conducted across Canada in both official languages. The field dates for the survey were January 31-February 22, 2022. Below we provide more details on the methodology associated with this research.

Sample

We used our probability-based online panel, Probit, in undertaking this survey. Probit is an online research panel that has been designed by Ekos to provide statistically representative data. Our panel offers complete coverage of the Canadian population (Internet, telephone, cell phone), random recruitment (participants are recruited randomly; they do not opt themselves into our panel), and equal probability sampling. All respondents to our panel are recruited by telephone using random digit dialling; their demographic information is confirmed by live interviewers.

The distribution of the recruitment process for our panel mirrors the actual population in Canada (as defined by Statistics Canada). As such, our panel can be considered representative of the general public (survey results from our online panel support confidence intervals and margin of error estimates). The overall panel size is roughly 100,000 Canadian households. Random stratified samples are drawn from the panel database for individual research assignments.

Fieldwork

The survey was conducted by Ekos using a secure web-based survey. The average interview length was 17.5 minutes.

All respondents were offered the opportunity to complete the surveys in their official language of choice. All research work was conducted in accordance with the Standards for the Conduct of Government of Canada Public Opinion Research – Online Surveys and recognized industry standards, as well as applicable federal legislation (Privacy Act, Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, and Access to Information Act).

Following data collection, the data from this survey were statistically weighted by age, gender, and region to ensure the sample is representative of the Canadian population according to 2016 Census data.

Response rate

The response rate for this survey was 14.6%. The response rate is calculated as follows: a total of 20,927 email invitations were sent out, and 44 bounced back, for a total of 20,883 valid emails. A total of 3,056 cases were completed: dividing 3,056 by 20,883 results in a response rate of 14.6%. This response rate is in line with other online surveys we have conducted with a similar length of questionnaire.

Appendix B contains the full survey questionnaire.

Appendix C contains data tables.

Non-response bias analysis

The table below presents a profile of the final sample, compared to the actual population of Canada (2016 Census information). As is the case with most surveys, the final sample under-represents those with high school or less education, which is a typical pattern for public opinion surveys in Canada, that is, those with more education are more likely to respond to surveys).

*Data are unweighted and percentaged on those giving a response to each demographic question

B. Survey Questionnaire

Introduction

Online

Thank-you for participating in this survey. Ekos Research Associates, a Canadian public opinion research company is conducting the survey on behalf of the Government of Canada.

Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français.

Your participation is optional and your responses will be kept entirely confidential and anonymous. The survey takes 15 minutes to complete. It is being directed by Ekos Research, and is being administered according to the requirements of the Privacy Act. To view our privacy policy, click here.

If you require any technical assistance, please contact online@ekos.com.

PREQ1

Of the list of issues below, which are the top three issues that you personally care about?

Q1 [1,3]

Q1 = combine_into_multiple($Q1A, $Q1B, $Q1C)

Top three issues (choose only three from the list)

• Climate change, the environment, biodiversity, pollution: 1
• Inequality between the rich and the poor: 2
• Populism, nationalism, political extremism: 3
• Technology, automation, artificial intelligence: 4
• Immigration, migration, refugees: 5
• War, conflict, terrorism: 6
• Education, healthcare, clean water and hunger in developing countries: 7
• Economic crises, job security, wages: 8
• Fake news, corruption of information: 9
• Global diseases and pandemics: 10

Q2

All things considered, do you think the world is getting better, getting worse, or has there been no change?

• Getting better: 1
• Getting worse: 2
• No change: 3
• Don't know: 99

Q3

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? What happens in developing countries rarely affects people like me living in Canada.

• Strongly agree: 1
• Agree: 2
• Neither agree nor disagree: 3
• Disagree: 4
• Strongly disagree: 5
• Don't know: 99

Q4

Thinking about global poverty and development, have you donated money to an international NGO or charity working on the issue in the past 12 months?

• Yes: 1
• No: 2
• Don't know: 9

Q5

Which best describes how you feel about levels of poverty in poor countries?

• Very concerned: 1
• Fairly concerned: 2
• No strong feelings either one way or the other: 3
• Not very concerned: 4
• Not at all concerned: 5
• Don't know: 99

Q6

Thinking about international aid to poor countries - please indicate the extent to which you think that the Government of Canada should give international aid, where a score of 0 means that it 'should not give aid at all' and a score of 10 means that it 'should give aid very generously'.

• 0 – Should not give aid at all: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• 10 – Should give aid very generously: 11
• Don't know: 99

Q7

Of its total budget of $362.9 billion, the Government of Canada currently allocates approximately 1.8 percent, or $6.6 billion, to international aid to poor countries. Do you think that the government should increase or decrease the amount of money that it spends on international aid to poor countries?

• Increase a great deal: 1
• Increase somewhat: 2
• Stay the same: 3
• Decrease somewhat: 4
• Decrease a great deal: 5
• Don't know: 99

Q8

How much of a difference, if any, do you think each of the following can make to reducing poverty in poor countries?

• You personally
• The Canadian government
• Development NGOs/charities
• Businesses/corporations
• The United Nations and other international organizations

• Can't make any at all: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• Can make a great deal of difference 10: 11
• Don't know: 99 S

Q9

Overall, on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means 'Very ineffective' and 10 means 'Very effective,' how effective do you think government spending on international aid is?

• 0 – Very ineffective: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• 10 – Very effective: 11
• Don't know: 99

Q10

Generally speaking, how much, if at all, do you trust international development NGOs and charities?

• 0 – Do not trust at all: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• 10 – Trust a great deal: 11
• Don't know: 99

PREQ11

The next set of questions ask you to think about your actions in relation to global poverty and development.

Q11

Thinking about global poverty and development, which of the following have you done, if any, in the past 12 months?

• Read, watched, or listened to a news article about it (offline or online)
• Discussed it with friends, family, or others
• Shared/forwarded an article or information about it (offline or online)

• Have done: 1
• Have not done: 2
• Don't know: 99 S

Q12

Thinking about the news you've read/heard/seen/shared or the discussions you've had about global poverty, would you say the content was more positive or more negative? On balance, it was...

• More positive than negative: 1
• More negative than positive: 2
• Don't know: 99

Q13

Thinking about global poverty and development, which of the following have you done, if any, in the past 12 months?

• Volunteered for an organization or charity working on the issue, either in Canada or abroad
• Became a member, followed, liked, or subscribed to a newsletter from a development charity or group focused on the issue

• Have done: 1
• Have not done: 2
• Don't know: 99 S

Q14

Which of the following have you done in the past 12 months, if any, in support of or in opposition to the efforts to address global poverty?

• Used your voice to influence the issue (e.g. signed a petition, written a blog, etc.)
• Contacted a Member of Parliament or other elected official (e.g. in person, by phone, letter or using Twitter, Facebook or other social media)
• Participated in a march, rally, protest, or other large event on the issue
• Purchased products/services or boycotted products/services related to the issue (e.g. purchased products from a charity shop)
• Have done to support the efforts to address global poverty: 1
• Have done to oppose the efforts to address global poverty: 2

• Have not done: 3
• Don't know: 99 S

Q15 [1,4]

Which, if any, of the following words generally describe your feelings about the Government of Canada spending on aid to help poor people in poor countries?

Please tick up to four options

• Happy, energetic, excited: 1
• Hopeful, enthusiastic, optimistic: 2
• Content, satisfied, pleased: 3
• Relaxed, serene, peaceful: 4
• Placid, tranquil, chilled: 5
• Indifferent, quiet, still: 6
• Fed up, sluggish, tired: 7
• Sad, gloomy, depressed: 8
• Anxious, unhappy, dissatisfied: 9
• Angry, distressed, upset: 10
• Provoked, frenzied, jittery: 11
• Proud, encouraged, activated: 12
• None of the above: 98 BX
• Don't know: 99 BX

Q16

The Government of Canada gives international aid to poor countries. Looking at the scale below, what do you think the primary purpose of international aid should be?

• 0 – The primary purpose of Canada's international aid spending should be to promote Canada's national interests.: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5 – The primary purpose of Canada's international aid spending should be both reducing poverty in poor countries and promoting Canada's national interests.: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• 10 – The primary purpose of Canada's international aid spending should be to reduce poverty in poor countries.: 11
• Don't know: 99

PREQ17

Thinking again about government spending on international aid in poor countries, please indicate what you think are the first, second, and third most important priorities.

Q17 [1,3]

Q17 = combine_into_multiple($Q17A, $Q17B, $Q17C)

Top three priorities (choose only three from the list)Les trois principales priorités (choisissez seulement trois dans la liste)

• Education – helping people to attend school or get skills and training: 1
• Health – access to hospitals and clinics, treating diseases and providing vaccinations: 2
• Family planning – access to contraception and other family services: 3
• Water – access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene: 4
• Government and civil society – improving government accountability, addressing corruption, and ensuring peace and security and the rule of law: 5
• Welfare – address poverty through providing housing and benefits to people unable to work due to sickness, injury, old age, or children: 6
• Infrastructure – providing roads and telecommunications: 7
• Energy – providing electricity and other energy services: 8
• Agriculture – growing food and other crops: 9
• Economic growth – creating jobs and supporting the economy: 10
• Environmental protection – addressing climate change, air pollution, and protecting animals and their habitats: 11
• Debt relief – reducing debts owed by poor countries: 12
• Disaster relief – helping in emergencies and urgent humanitarian crises: 13
• Migration and refugee flows – protection of refugees and support for safe and responsible migration: 14
• Women's equality – support women's rights, gender equality, and help eliminate violence against women: 15

Q18

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about aid from the Canadian government?

• International aid to poor countries strengthens Canada's political influence in the world.
• Providing international aid really helps to promote Canada's national security.
• International aid improves people's lives by providing access to education, healthcare, clean water, and sanitation.
• International aid increases economic growth in poor countries.

• Strongly agree: 1
• Agree: 2
• Neither agree nor disagree: 3
• Disagree: 4
• Strongly disagree: 5
• Don't know: 99 S

Q19

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about aid from the Government of Canada?

• Most international aid does not get to the intended recipients.
• A lot of international aid from Canada ends up in the pockets of corrupt politicians in the developing world.
• Most international aid is spent on programs that don't help reduce poverty.
• Canada cannot afford to give international aid.

• Strongly agree: 1
• Agree: 2
• Neither agree nor disagree: 3
• Disagree: 4
• Strongly disagree: 5
• Don't know: 99 S

Q20

Using a scale where 0 means 'International aid makes countries too dependent on charity' and 10 means 'International aid helps countries become self-sufficient', please indicate which comes closest to your view.

• 0 – International aid makes countries too dependent on charity: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• 10 – International aid helps countries become self-sufficient: 11
• Don't know: 99

Q21

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?

• Countries like Canada should give more money to international aid because it is the morally right thing to do.
• I would feel very guilty if I ignored the needs of poor people in poor countries.
• Helping people in need is the right thing to do.
• Every person in the world should be treated equally.

• Strongly agree: 1
• Agree: 2
• Neither agree nor disagree: 3
• Disagree: 4
• Strongly disagree: 5
• Don't know: 99 S

Q22

On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means 'have no influence' and 10 means 'have a great deal of influence', how much influence, if any, do you have on politics and public affairs?

• 0 Have no influence at all on politics and public affairs: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• 10 Have a great deal of influence on politics and public affairs: 11
• Don't know: 99

Q23

Which of the following best reflects your view on how to secure a prosperous and safe country? Using the 0 – 10 scale, where 0 means 'We are best placed to do it on our own' and 10 means 'We are best placed to do it in cooperation with other countries', please indicate how you feel.

• 0 – We are best placed to secure a prosperous and safe country on our own: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• 10 – We are best placed to secure a prosperous and safe country in cooperation with other countries: 11
• Don't know: 99

Q24

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Democracy is about achieving compromise among differing viewpoints.

• Strongly agree: 1
• Agree: 2
• Neither agree nor disagree: 3
• Disagree: 4
• Strongly disagree: 5
• Don't know: 99

Q25

Which of the following two statements comes closest to your view?

• Our lives are threatened by terrorists, criminals and immigrants and our priority should be to protect ourselves.: 1
• It's a big, beautiful world, mostly full of good people, and we must find a way to embrace each other and not allow ourselves to become isolated.: 2
• Don't know: 99 B

Q26

Have you ever heard or read about the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals?

• Yes, and I know what they are: 1
• Yes, but I don't really know what they are: 2
• No: 3
• Don't know: 99

Q27

For the following question, please think about the world as a whole and not individual countries.

Some people say that there is a trade-off between prioritizing economic growth to meet people's needs for food, housing, and healthcare versus prioritizing a sustainable environment, climate, and fertile soils. Using a 0 to 10 scale, where 0 means 'Prioritize people's needs for food, housing, and healthcare' and 10 means 'Prioritize a sustainable environment and climate', please indicate which statement comes closer to your view.

• 0 – Prioritize people's needs for food, housing, and healthcare: 1
• 1: 2
• 2: 3
• 3: 4
• 4: 5
• 5: 6
• 6: 7
• 7: 8
• 8: 9
• 9: 10
• 10 – Prioritize a sustainable environment and climate: 11
• Don't know: 99

PREQ28

Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements.

• Extreme poverty will be eradicated for all people everywhere by the year 2030.
• Generally speaking, people get what they deserve.
• What happens to people in other countries makes a difference to my life.
• I have a duty to ensure that my actions do not harm people living in other countries.
• I enjoy visiting other countries and learning about other cultures.
• I have very little in common with people living in other countries.

• Strongly agree: 1
• Agree: 2
• Neither agree nor disagree: 3
• Disagree: 4
• Strongly disagree: 5
• Don't know: 99 S

Q31

Below are statements about corporate partnerships between private sector businesses and charities. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements.

• Charities that partner with private sector corporations are compromised and less trustworthy
• Private sector corporations that partner with charities are just trying to boost their reputation and enhance their brand
• Partnering with private sector corporations is a smart way for charities to increase their resources and impact
• Corporate partnerships with charities effectively harnesses the power of business to achieve wider social goals

• Strongly agree: 1
• Agree: 2
• Neither agree nor disagree: 3
• Disagree: 4
• Strongly disagree: 5
• Don't know: 99 S

Q34

How important is it to you personally that large international development NGOs partner with NGOs that work in the local community to deliver aid programs and funding?

• Very important: 1
• Important: 2
• Neither important or unimportant: 3
• Unimportant: 4
• Not at all important: 5
• Don't know: 99

QAGE1

The following questions will be used for statistical purposes only.

What is your age?

• Please specify: 77
• Prefer not to answer: 999 S

QAGE2

Hesitant, QAGE1

May we place your age into one of the following general age categories?

• 18-24 years: 1
• 25-34 years: 2
• 35-44 years: 3
• 45-54 years: 4
• 55-64 years: 5
• 65 years or older: 6
• Prefer not to answer: 99 S

QGENDER

Are you...?

• Male: 1
• Female: 2
• Prefer to self-identify: 77
• Prefer not to answer: 99 S

QPROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

• British Columbia: 1
• Alberta: 2
• Saskatchewan: 3
• Manitoba: 4
• Ontario: 5
• Quebec: 6
• New Brunswick: 7
• Nova Scotia: 8
• Prince Edward Island: 9
• Newfoundland and Labrador: 10
• Yukon: 11
• Northwest Territories: 12
• Nunavut: 13
• Prefer not to answer: 99 S

QEDUCATION

What is the highest level of schooling you have completed?

• Less than High School diploma or equivalent: 1
• High School diploma or equivalent: 2
• Registered Apprenticeship or other trades certificate or diploma: 3
• College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma: 4
• University certificate or diploma below bachelor's level: 5
• Bachelor's degree: 6
• Post graduate degree above bachelor's level: 7
• Prefer not to answer: 99

QINCOME

What is your gross household income (the combined income of all those earners in a household from all sources, including wages, salaries, or rents and before tax deductions)

• Under $20,000: 1
• $20,000 to just under $40,000: 2
• $40,000 to just under $60,000: 3
• $60,000 to just under $80,000: 4
• $80,000 to just under $100,000: 5
• $100,000 to just under $150,000: 6
• $150,000 and above: 7
• Prefer not to answer: 99

QETHNICITY [1,14]

People living in Canada come from many different ethno-cultural backgrounds or countries. Do you consider yourself to be:

• Arab: 1
• Latin American: 2
• White: 3
• Black: 4
• Southeast Asian (e.g. Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Thai): 5
• West Asian (e.g., Iranian, Afghan): 6
• South Asian (e.g. East Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan).: 7
• Filipino: 8
• Chinese: 9
• Japanese: 10
• Korean: 11
• Aboriginal/Indigenous (e.g., Ojibway, Iroquois, Cree): 12
• Other (Please specify): 77 B
• None of these: 98 BX
• Prefer not to answer : 99 BX