The Canadian Cannabis Survey 2022
Methodological Report

Prepared for Health Canada

Supplier name: Advanis Inc.
Contract number: HT372-215410/001/CY
Contract value: $249,730.00 (including HST)
Award date: February 11, 2022
Delivery date: July 6, 2022

Registration number: POR 124-21
For more information on this report, please contact Health Canada at:
cpab_por-rop_dgcap@hc-sc.gc.ca

Ce rapport est aussi disponible en Français.

The Canadian Cannabis Survey 2022
Methodological Report

Prepared for Health Canada
Supplier name: Advanis Inc.
July 2022

This public opinion research report presents the results of an online survey conducted by Advanis Inc. on behalf of Health Canada. The research was conducted with 10,048 Canadians between April 4 ^th and June 20^th, 2022.

This publication may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes only. Prior written permission must be obtained from Health Canada. For more information on this report, please contact Health Canada at:

cpab_por-rop_dgcap@hc-sc.gc.ca or at:

Health Canada, CPAB
200 Eglantine Driveway, Tunney’s Pasture
Jeanne Mance Building, AL 1915C
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9

Catalogue number:
H21-312/2022E-PDF

International Standard Book Number (ISBN):
978-0-660-44542-7

Related publications (registration number: POR 124-21):
Catalogue number H21-312/2022F-PDF (Final report, French)
ISBN 978-0-660-44543-4

©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Health, 2022

Table of contents

• 1.0 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Objectives of the survey
  • 1.3 Total expenditure
• 2.0 SAMPLING
  • 2.1 The general approach
  • 2.2 The pretest and field dates
  • 2.3 Quality control
    • 2.3.1 Quality Control in Survey Programming
    • 2.3.2 CATI Methodology and Quality Control
    • 2.3.3 Web Methodology and Quality Control
    • 2.3.4 Quality Control in Data Handling and Reporting
  • 2.4 Sampling plan and data collection
• 3.0 WEIGHTING
  • 3.1 The weighting approach
  • 3.2 The design effect calculation
  • 3.3 Design effect and effctive size of the sample
• 4.0 DATA CLEANING AND GUIDELINES FOR ANALYSIS AND RELEASE
  • 4.1 Data cleaning and coding
  • 4.2 Guidelines for the analysis and the use of weights
• APPENDICES
  • Appendix A: Response Rate Calculation
  • Appendix B: Political Neutrality Requirement
  • Appendix C: Questionnaire

1.0 Background and Objectives

1.1 Background

Use of cannabis is common in Canada. In 2019, Health Canada’s Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CADS) found that 21% of respondents 15 years of age and older reported using cannabis in the past year, with males reporting use more often than females. Canadians 15-24 years old were significantly more likely to use cannabis in the past 12 months than those 25 years of age and older. Use is also common in students, with 18% of students in grades 7-12 reporting past year use in the 2018-2019 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSTADS). International data for cannabis from 2020 shows the United States had a lifetime prevalence rate of 50.0%¹, while Canada had a prevalence rate of 41.7%². Prevalence rates for past year cannabis use were highest in North America (14.6%) when compared to other regions (Australia and New Zealand (10.6%); West and Central Africa (9.3%); Europe (5.4%); Asia (1.9%)) around the world³.

In the 2015 Speech from the Throne, the Government of Canada committed to legalizing, regulating, and restricting access to marijuana. In 2016, the Government’s Task Force on Marijuana Legalization and Regulation issued a discussion paper entitled “Toward the legalization, regulation and restriction of access to marijuana” that initiated wider consultations and dialogue regarding its intention in this area (see: http://healthycanadians.gc.ca/health-system-systeme-sante/consultations/legalization-marijuana-legalisation/alt/legalization-marijuana-legalisation-eng.pdf for more information). In 2017, Bill C-45, an Act respecting cannabis and to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Criminal Code and other Acts, was introduced in the House of Commons. Implementation of the new Cannabis Act occurred in October 2018, creating a regulated legal market for non-medical cannabis for adults in Canada.

The legalization and regulation of cannabis in Canada has also prompted a policy and scientific requirement to collect new comprehensive data on the subject of cannabis use and non-use, including indicators in the areas of health, public safety, and markets. New research on cannabis use is helping the government better evaluate the possible impacts associated with its legalization, regulation, and restriction. In May and June 2016, Health Canada conducted the Baseline Survey on Awareness, Knowledge and Behaviour Associated with Recreational Use of Marijuana (administered by Ekos Research Associates). This study examined knowledge, perceived acceptability and health risks, patterns of recreational use, and information-seeking behaviours. This study found that 58% of respondents reported cannabis use in their lifetime and 22% reported use in the past 12 months. Among those who did not report use in the past 12 months, 85% felt they were unlikely to use cannabis once it becomes legal.

The Canadian Cannabis Survey was first conducted in 2017 and is an annual online survey. It examines, in more depth, patterns of use, such as the quantities of cannabis consumed and the use of cannabis for medical purposes; the cannabis market, such as sources of cannabis and pricing; and issues of public safety, such as impaired driving. The 2019 Canadian Cannabis Survey aimed to gather additional data, such as changes to willingness to publicly report cannabis use since legalization; exposure to education campaigns, public health or safety messages; respondents’ usual source of cannabis products since the Cannabis Act came into effect; and relative levels of THC and CBD typically used. In 2022, Health Canada conducted the sixth cycle of the Canadian Cannabis Survey (CCS). It was in the field from April 4, 2022 to June 20, 2022 and collected data from approximately 10,000 people 16 years of age and older. New content in 2022 included questions about exposure to cannabis advertisements/promotions, accidental consumption of cannabis by any people or pets in the home and the resulting outcomes, more details on products and devices used when vapourizing cannabis, frequency of obtaining cannabis from legal and illegal sources, changes in cannabis use due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and if people feel they have reasonable access to cannabis through a legal supplier. Of the responses that were received, approximately 3,500 responses were from people who indicated that they had used cannabis in the past 12 months for either non-medical or medical purposes.

1.2 Objectives of the survey

The 2022 Canadian Cannabis Survey aimed to gather additional information to track changes in data collected from the 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 surveys. The objectives of the 2022 survey were to collect information on the following:

• Cannabis use and non-use in Canada;
• Patterns of use (e.g., age of initiation, frequency of use, quantities, and products used);
• Public concerns related to cannabis, including problematic use and drug-impaired driving;
• Perception of risk and normalization; and
• Use of cannabis for medical purposes and the reasons for this use.

1.3 Total expenditure

The total cost of this research was $249,730.00 including HST.

2.0 Sampling

2.1 The general approach

The approach used was a two-step recruitment process where respondents were first recruited by telephone (both landline and mobile) using a short battery of screener questions approved by Health Canada, and consistent with the previous cycles. Respondents who completed the screener questions and qualified for the survey were then sent a link to the online survey, either by email or SMS, depending on their preference. Respondents were recruited from lists of random telephone numbers (RDD) that Advanis verified were in service. The distribution of phone numbers was approximately 89 percent mobile phones and 11 percent landline numbers.

The rationale for using a higher volume of cell phone than landline numbers came from the requirement of oversampling youth aged 16 to 24 years old. From previous experience, we know that this group is very hard to reach by conventional landline for two major reasons; first, they use their parents’ landline and we have difficulty reaching them; second, if they have left their parents’ house, they most likely use a cell phone rather than a landline.

In total, we called 189,105 phone numbers, and 21,690 people agreed to participate in the survey. Of these calls, 15 percent were conducted in French and 85 percent were conducted in English. The response rate achieved in 2022 was 15.5%. The response rate calculation is presented in Appendix A.

During the computer assisted telephone interviews (CATI) recruit, Advanis requested permission to send the survey link to respondents’ mobile phones via a Short Message Service (SMS). The advantage of SMS survey invitations are that, unlike email invitations, they avoid issues with incorrect email addresses and spam filtering. If the recruited respondent did not have a smartphone, or preferred email, survey links were sent via email. Of the respondents who completed the CATI screener, 94 percent were recruited via SMS, and 6 percent were recruited by email. Of those recruited to the online survey by SMS, 45.8% completed the online survey. Among those sent an email invitation, the completion rate of the online survey was 55.7%.

To increase the response rate, inbound calling was allowed and directed to interviewers trained on the survey. If the potential respondent called from the phone that was initially dialled by someone in the call centre, the calling record was automatically displayed to an interviewer. In 2022, there were over 20,000 inbound calls, and just over 2,400 respondents were recruited on an inbound call.

Invite reminders were sent 3 days and 6 days after the initial invitation. A third SMS/email reminder was sent to those flagged as being under 25 years of age an additional 3 days later, in an attempt to boost response rates. Once SMS/email reminders had been sent, Advanis also conducted telephone reminders at least 3 days after the last reminder to confirm the invite had been received, and to correct email addresses if necessary. During these calls (only made once), voicemail messages were left reminding the respondents that the survey was still open, and a final invitation was triggered automatically.

The average survey length for those who used cannabis in the past 12 months was 29 minutes, and it was 13 minutes on average for those who did not use cannabis in the past 12 months. We need to keep in mind that, during an online survey, the time elapsed doesn’t necessarily align perfectly with survey duration since respondents may not always complete the survey all at once. As for the duration of the recruitment interviews, the average length was just under 2 minutes.

2.2 The pretest and field dates

The pretest was conducted on April 4^th, 2022 to April 5 ^th, 2022 in both English and French. During this pretest, we recruited 244 people by phone, 152 in English and 92 in French. This translated into 42 completed online surveys, 28 in English and 14 in French. The validation of the data was completed the mornings of April 5 ^th and 6^th. This validation included respondents who had used cannabis in the past 12 months, as well as those who had not, to ensure that all questions were tested. In reviewing the pretest data, no changes were suggested or made to the survey. Since no changes were made, all pretest cases are included in the final analysis. The data collection period was from April 4^th to June 20^th, 2022.

2.3 Quality control

2.3.1 Quality Control in Survey Programming

Advanis utilizes technology to maximize quality control in survey programming. Having developed a proprietary survey engine tool, Advanis professionals are able to design and program a survey in a browser-based environment, eliminating the need to involve a programmer who is less familiar with the survey subject matter. Below are the steps followed to ensure the quality of the survey:

• The survey was thoroughly pretested by Advanis’ project team members, as well as by non-team members (non-team members provide “fresh eyes”).
• The online survey was tested by representatives at Health Canada (and their designated testers). This allowed Health Canada to ensure skip patterns and survey questions were correctly programmed.

2.3.2 - CATI Methodology and Quality Control

The CATI recruit script was programmed on Advanis’ proprietary CATI platform with no unforeseen challenges. Advanis was able to leverage its experience with the survey programming and the reminder process to achieve high quality standards.

Advanis implemented the following to ensure the highest quality data collection:

• Trained the interviewers to best understand the study’s objectives and to ensure that they were able to pronounce and understand the survey wording;
• Detailed call records were kept by the automated CATI system, and were supplemented by output files to SPSS for productivity analysis (i.e., not subject to human error);
• Screening scripts contained a description of the importance of the research and the importance of respondent participation, serving as a motivator for respondents;
• The recruit scripts were pretested for best possible flow;
• Briefing was done on an ongoing basis to ensure that all interviewers are up to date on current information regarding the project;
• Our average interviewer employment tenure is very high compared to industry standards, resulting in a team of interviewers who are more experienced and knowledgeable regarding the target audience;
• Advanis’ Quality Assurance team listened to the actual recordings of ten percent of completed surveys, and compared the responses to those entered by the interviewer, to ensure that responses were properly recorded. This is in addition to the live monitoring done by field supervisors; and
• Team Supervisors conduct regular, more formal evaluations with each interviewer, in addition to nightly monitoring of each interviewer on their team.

To ensure high interview quality, our interviewers are trained to use various interviewing techniques. As well as maintaining a professional attitude, our interviewers must also be convincing, read word-for-word, take notes, probe deeper on semi-open and open questions, systematically confirm the information provided and listen to the respondents.

2.3.3 - Web Methodology and Quality Control

All Advanis Web surveys are hosted internally by Advanis, and we employ a rigorous and stringent set of data collection control mechanisms to ensure the highest quality for the data collected, including:

• Respondents have a unique access code to ensure that only that participant can complete the online survey.
• Extensive internal logic checks are programmed directly into the survey to ensure logical responses.
• Web surveys are implemented using Advanis’ proprietary software (which is designed to handle complicated survey formats).
• Advanis administered a detailed internal test and an external pretest to ensure that the survey instrument was working as planned.
• We tested the questionnaire in multiple browsers and provided Health Canada with a link so they could do internal testing.

2.3.4 - Quality Control in Data Handling and Reporting

For all of the data collected, Advanis develops rules to check the validity of the data. These rules include items such as:

• Time taken to complete the survey (those who completed the survey too quickly are removed);
• Data consistency check (respondents who answered multiple questions in inconsistent ways are removed);
• Straight-lining of answers to responses (checks against respondents who provide the same response to every question); and
• Rigorous checks are completed to ensure the data is accurate and error-free according to the questionnaire logic (skip patterns).

Advanis staff have used the SPSS Statistics Software for over 20 years and are very proficient users of the software. All data cleaning performed on projects are outlined in syntax files with intermediate data files saved throughout the process. This ensures that the original raw data file is never overwritten, and that if an error is discovered in our code, we can quickly and easily rerun the syntax to produce a new data file. Individuals developing code incorporate internal checks in their code (e.g., crosstabs) to ensure the syntax had the desired effect. In addition, all syntax is reviewed by another team member or technical specialist for accuracy.

2.4 Sampling plan and data collection

The target audience for this project was Canadians who are 16 years and older. This survey included both those who had used cannabis and those who had not. A “person that uses cannabis” is someone who has used cannabis in the last 12 months. The expected incidence of cannabis use in the past 12 months in the general population is 15%, according to Health Canada data.

Key sub-population variables that required quotas were:

• Age (16-19, 20-24 and 25 years and older);
• Region; and
• Sex.

The sample consisted of a core sample of 10,000 Canadians aged 16 and older (those who use cannabis and those who do not). In the end, we gathered 10,048 responses (8,459 in English and 1,589 in French) to reach the quotas. Table 1 presents the results for the entire data collection versus the quota for the base sample.

3.0 Weighting

3.1 The weighting approach

Overall, 10,048 web interviews were conducted during data collection. The weighting of the final file was based on three variables: region, age, and sex at birth. In 2022, the sex at birth question was required for all respondents so that all cases could be included in the analysis. The population sizes are based on the latest Statistics Canada census results published in the 2021 Census. Since the values for individual teen ages were available for 2021, the 16 to 19 year old age category is no longer based on an assumption like it was in previous waves. See section 4.2 for guidelines on the limitation of analysis with the weights.

3.2 The design effect calculation

The sample method used in a survey can have an effect in the precision of survey estimates when it is not possible to perform simple random sampling (SRS) with a 100% response rate. This effect is known as the design effect, a constant that can be applied to survey estimators to approximate those obtained under SRS⁴.

The following table provides the design effect for each region as well as for the entire country. This table also shows the size of the “effective” sample size, an estimate of the sample size that would have been required under SRS to achieve the same level of precision.

The difference in effective sample size between the sum of all regions and Canada as a whole is due to quotas being used to obtain a minimum of responses for each region instead of proportional sampling.

3.3 Design effect and effctive size of the sample

4.0 Data Cleaning and Guidelines for Analysis and Release

4.1 Data cleaning and coding

After the data collection was completed, data cleaning was performed to ensure high quality results. As was done in the 2021 survey, questions were made voluntary (not required) instead of adding an opt-out option. This was to allow respondents to advance past any questions they did not wish to answer (with the exception of age and sex at birth, which were required). During data cleaning, respondents who refused to provide an answer were recoded to “Prefer not to say”.

The next step was to perform any necessary data coding. A detailed scale was used to describe quantities across the survey. Once data collection was completed, these scales were transformed into metric questions for ease of analysis. The metric question type simplifies the analysis by easily providing measures of mean, median, etc. For this recoding of scales into a metric value, the recoding used the same logic as in the 2021 Canadian Cannabis Survey, for consistency and comparability of results. The scale used was the same as in the previous phases of the project. The recode scale used for this was provided by Health Canada.

A review of open-ended responses was also performed as part of the data cleaning. Any “other” responses were recoded into existing categories when appropriate. A coding guide was created for answers that had sufficient numbers of mentions to be added in as a new response level. Specific verbatim themes that did not have a sufficient number of mentions were left in the “other” category. Based on this review, levels were added for survey questions based on the “other, please specify” responses. Similar to 2021, in Q23b, where respondents were asked about the changes in cannabis use due to COVID-19, an additional level for “Insomnia/sleep problems” was added after reviewing the data. For M5, similar to previous cycles, a level of “pain due to injury, illness or migraines” was added to decrease the proportion of the “other” response category.

In reviewing the final data, it was noticed that due to survey changes made to Q56 & Q57 to change the scale from yes/no to specific time periods, an error was introduced into the skip logic for Q58 and Q59. Historically, the questions were shown to those who had smoked or ingested cannabis before driving, however, in 2022 these questions were only asked of those who said they had done this within the past 30 days. A similar error existed on M28. The codebook and survey draft have been updated to adjust the logic to indicate it was only shown to those who partook before driving in the past 30 days so this can be adjusted in future cycles. Additionally, Q48 and Q49 were incorrectly asked of those who were looking for work, rather than the intended group of those currently attending school. The data for these questions cannot should not be used for analysis.

4.2 Guidelines for the analysis and the use of weights

When doing an analysis, it is important to align the analysis plan with the weighting scheme. The weights adjust the data to better reflect the population based on parameters that have been chosen to maximize the level of detail without creating distortions due to extreme weights (an extreme weight will occur when a population group is represented by a proportionally smaller subset of respondents compared to other population groups, thus introducing an important risk of bias due to their specific profile).

For this survey, the basic sociodemographic information that should be used in the analysis of results are:

• Provinces and Territories
• Age: 16 to 19, 20 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54 and 55+ or any unaltered grouping of theses ranges (i.e., 16 to 24 or 35 to 54)
• Sex: male or female

Using age groupings other than the ones described above for these sociodemographic categories could potentially produce distorted data. As these results would be inaccurate based on how the weights were calculated, we strongly advise not to report any results that are not aligned with these specified categories.

In the provided data file, the variable to be used to weight the data is called “weight”. In this case, it was decided to project to the total population, around 31 million Canadian residents that are 16 years old or older (per the 2021 Statistics Canada Census).

Any results with an unweighted cell size (numerator) of less than 10 respondents or an unweighted base (denominator) of less than 50 should not be reported on, due to statistical robustness. Any results with an unweighted base (denominator) of more than 49 but less than 100 should be identified and a statement regarding the small sample size should accompany these estimates. The reason for suppressing results with small cell and base sizes is due to the increased coefficient of variation and, hence, there are larger confidence intervals around results with smaller bases.

For all estimates based on cell sizes of 10 or more, the following guidelines for data suppression related to coefficients of variation (CV) should be used when reporting results:

Appendices

Appendix A: Response Rate Calculation

Appendix B: Political Neutrality Requirement

Political neutrality certification

I hereby certify as Senior Officer of Advanis that the deliverables fully comply with the Government of Canada political neutrality requirements outlined in the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada and Procedures for Planning and Contracting Public Opinion Research.

Specifically, the deliverables do not include information on electoral voting intentions, political party preferences, standings with the electorate, or ratings of the performance of a political party or its leaders.

Signed:

Nicolas Toutant, Vice-President, Research and Evaluation

Appendix C: Questionnaire

Cannabis 2022 Web
Government of Canada (Non-protected)

Languages: English, French

Section Introduction 1

Intro1, i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix, ixa, x, xa, xi, xia, xii, xiii, xiv, xv

Page Introduction

Intro1

Health Canada is conducting this research survey on knowledge about and use of cannabis. Advanis has been hired to administer the survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur le bouton FRANÇAIS ci-dessus.

The survey takes between 5 and 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential. Your answers will remain anonymous.

If you wish to verify the authenticity of this survey please email: hc.odss-bssd.sc@canada.ca (mailto:hc.odss-bssd.sc@canada.ca) and specify you are asking about the Canadian Cannabis Survey.

The survey automatically moves to the next question when possible, however in some cases you need to press the right arrow button at the bottom of the screen to move to the next question. This button will not appear until you have answered the question.

To change previous answers you can press the left arrow button at the bottom of the screen. Some questions provide further information if you press the following symbol:

If you need to stop the survey at any point you can return at a later time and the survey will continue where you left off.

For help you can contact 1-888-944-9212.

©2022 Advanis Privacy Policy (https://www.advanis.ca/privacy_policy2.html) CRIC Pledge (https://www.canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CRIC-Pledge-to-Canadians.pdf)

Page Demographics

i

What is your age?

An answer is required. To expand the category select the “+” and make your selection within the group.

15. __TREE_QUESTION__
16. 16 to 19|16
17. 16 to 19|17
18. 16 to 19|18
19. 16 to 19|19
20. 20 to 29|20
21. 20 to 29|21
22. 20 to 29|22
23. 20 to 29|23
24. 20 to 29|24
25. 20 to 29|25
26. 20 to 29|26
27. 20 to 29|27
28. 20 to 29|28
29. 20 to 29|29
30. 30 to 39|30
31. 30 to 39|31
32. 30 to 39|32
33. 30 to 39|33
34. 30 to 39|34
35. 30 to 39|35
36. 30 to 39|36
37. 30 to 39|37
38. 30 to 39|38
39. 30 to 39|39
40. 40 to 49|40
41. 40 to 49|41
42. 40 to 49|42
43. 40 to 49|43
44. 40 to 49|44
45. 40 to 49|45
46. 40 to 49|46
47. 40 to 49|47
48. 40 to 49|48
49. 40 to 49|49
50. 50 to 59|50
51. 50 to 59|51
52. 50 to 59|52
53. 50 to 59|53
54. 50 to 59|54
55. 50 to 59|55
56. 50 to 59|56
57. 50 to 59|57
58. 50 to 59|58
59. 50 to 59|59
60. 60 to 69|60
61. 60 to 69|61
62. 60 to 69|62
63. 60 to 69|63
64. 60 to 69|64
65. 60 to 69|65
66. 60 to 69|66
67. 60 to 69|67
68. 60 to 69|68
69. 60 to 69|69
70. 70 to 79|70
71. 70 to 79|71
72. 70 to 79|72
73. 70 to 79|73
74. 70 to 79|74
75. 70 to 79|75
76. 70 to 79|76
77. 70 to 79|77
78. 70 to 79|78
79. 70 to 79|79
80. 80 to 89|80
81. 80 to 89|81
82. 80 to 89|82
83. 80 to 89|83
84. 80 to 89|84
85. 80 to 89|85
86. 80 to 89|86
87. 80 to 89|87
88. 80 to 89|88
89. 80 to 89|89
90. 90 to 99|90
91. 90 to 99|91
92. 90 to 99|92
93. 90 to 99|93
94. 90 to 99|94
95. 90 to 99|95
96. 90 to 99|96
97. 90 to 99|97
98. 90 to 99|98
99. 90 to 99|99
100. 100 or more|100 or more

ii

Is there anyone other than yourself living in your home that is under the age of 18?

1. Yes
2. No

iii Show if ii Children under 18 at home

What age group(s) does the child or children fall into?

Select all that apply

iv

What was your sex at birth?

v

What is your gender?

Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on legal documents.

vi

How would you describe your sexual orientation? Is it:

vii

Which of the following best describes the size of your community?

viii

In which province or territory do you currently live?

ix

Last week, was your main activity...?

ixa Show if is 4 Going to school

Are you currently attending one of the following educational institutions?

x

We know that people of different races do not have significantly different genetics. But our race still has important consequences, including how we are treated by different individuals and institutions. Which race category best describes you?

Select all that apply

xa Show if x 3 Indigenous

Which Indigenous group(s) do you identify as?

Select all that apply

xi

Were you born in Canada?

xia Show if xi No

How many years have you lived in Canada?

Minimum: 0.0, Maximum: 100.0

__________ years

Maximum is custom programmed to be respondent's age.

xii

In general, how is your physical health?

xiii

In general, how is your mental health?

xiv

What is the highest certificate, diploma or degree that you have completed?

xv

What is your best estimate of your total household income received by all household members, from all sources, before taxes and deductions, during the year ending December 31, 2021?

Section Non-Medical

MainInt, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4a, Q4b, Q4c, Q4d, Q5a, Q5b, Q6a, Q6b, Q6c, Q7, Q9, Q10, Q11, Q11b, Q12a, Q12b, Q12c, Q13, Q13b, Q13c, Q13d1, Q13d2, Q13d3, Q13d4, Q13e1, Q13e2, Q13e3, Q13e4, Q13f1, Q13f2, Q13f3, Q13f4, Q13g1, Q13g2, Q13g3, Q13g4, Q13h1, Q13h2, Q13h3, Q13h4, Q13i1, Q13i2, Q13i3, Q13i4, Q14, Q15, Q16, Q17, Q18, Q19, Q20, Q21, Q22, Q23, Q23b, Q25, Q26a, Q26b, Q26c, Q27, Q28, Q29a, Q29b, Q29c, Q29d, Q29e, Q29f, Q29g, Q29h, Q29i, Q30, Q31a, Q31b, Q31c, Q31d, Q31e, Q31f, Q31g, Q31h, Q31i, Q32, Q33, Q34a, Q34b, Q34c, Q34d, Q35a, Q35b, Q35c, Q36, Q36other, Q38, Q39, Q40, Q41, Q42, Q43a, Q43b, Q44, Q45, Q46a1, Q46b1, Q46a2, Q46b2, Q46a3, Q46b3, Q46a4, Q46b4, Q46a5, Q46b5, Q46a6, Q46b6, Q46a7, Q46b7, Q46a8, Q46b8, Q46a9, Q46b9, Q48, Q49, Q50, Q50b, Q51, Q52a, Q52b, Q53, Q55, Q56, Q56c, Q57, Q57c, Q58, Q59, Q60, Q61, Q62, Q63, Q64, Q65, Q66, Q67, Q68, Q69, Q70, Q71, Q75, Q76, Q77, Q78

Page Non_Medical

MainInt

In this survey when we use the term cannabis, this includes marijuana (e.g., weed, pot), hashish, hash oil or any other products made from the cannabis plant, but not synthetic cannabinoids .

When we ask about use, this includes using cannabis in its dry form or when mixed or processed into another product such as an edible, an extract, a concentrate, including hashish, a liquid, or other product.

By non-medical purposes we mean recreational (e.g., for enjoyment, pleasure, amusement), socially, for spiritual, lifestyle and other similar non-medical uses.

By medical purposes we mean used to treat a disease/disorder or to improve symptoms associated with a disease/disorder.

Q1

How socially acceptable do you think it is for a person to use the following substances occasionally?

Levels marked with * are randomized

Q2

How socially acceptable do you think it is for a person to use the following substances regularly?

Levels marked with * are randomized

Q3

How much do you think people risk harming themselves when they do each of the following activities?

Q4a

In the past 12 months, have you seen health warning messages*?* on cannabis products/packages or on Health Canada’s website?

*?* Health warning messages are found on cannabis product packages against a bright yellow background or on the Health Canada website

Q4b Show if Q4a Yes 1 2 3 to seeing health warning messages

Was the information you saw in the health warning messages*?* credible/believable?

*?* Health warning messages are found on cannabis product packages against a bright yellow background or on the Health Canada website

Q4c Show if Q4a Yes 1 2 3 to seeing health warning messages

Have the health warning messages*?* increased your knowledge of the potential harms related to cannabis use?

*?* Health warning messages are found on cannabis product packages against a bright yellow background or on the Health Canada website

Q4d Show if Q4a No to seeing health warning message

Do you feel you sufficiently know the potential harms related to cannabis without seeing the health warning messages*?*?

*?* Health warning messages are found on cannabis product packages against a bright yellow background or on the Health Canada website

Q5a

In the past 12 months, have you seen the cannabis consumer information sheet produced by the Government of Canada?

Select all that apply

Q5b Show if Q5a 1 2 3 Yes to seeing the consumer information sheet

Has the consumer information sheet increased your knowledge of the harms related to cannabis use?

Q6a

In the past 12 months, have you seen/heard education campaigns, public health or safety messages*?* about cannabis in any of the following places?

Select all that apply

*?* These campaigns and messages describe the risks of using cannabis and/or safer ways to use cannabis

Q6b Show if Q6a Yes 1 to 14

Was the information you saw in the education campaigns, public health or safety messages*?* credible/believable?

*?* These campaigns and messages describe the risks of using cannabis and/or safer ways to use cannabis

Q6c

In the past 12 months, have you noticed cannabis being advertised or promoted*?* in any of the following places?

Select all that apply

*?* An advertisement is a promotion of a product, brand or service that attempts to attract interest, engagement, or sales.

Q7

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

I have access to enough trustworthy information about the health risks of cannabis use to make informed decisions.

Q9

Based on what you know or believe…

Q10

In the past 30 days, were you exposed to second-hand cannabis smoke or vapour at the following locations?

Q11

In the past 12 months, has anyone, including yourself, grown cannabis in your home/residence or on your property?

Q11b Show if Q11 Yes

Does the person growing cannabis in your home/residence or on your property have an authorization from Health Canada to grow cannabis for medical purposes?

Q12a Show if Q11 Yes

In the past 12 months, how many plants were grown outside on your property?

Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1000

__________

Q12b Show if Q11 Yes

In the past 12 months, how many plants were grown inside your home?

Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1000

__________

Q12c Show if Q11 Yes

How many cannabis plants are currently grown in your home/residence or on your property?

Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1000

__________

Q13

In the past 12 months, has anyone, including yourself, prepared cannabis edibles/drinks in your home/residence?

Q13b

In the past 12 months, has anyone (including people and animals) in your household accidentally consumed cannabis (e.g., eating/drinking it without knowing it contained cannabis)?

Q13c Show if Q13b Yes accidental consumption

Who was it that accidentally consumed cannabis?

Select all that apply

Q13d1 Show if Q13c 1 Me

You indicated that you accidentally consumed cannabis (e.g., eating/drinking it without knowing it contained cannabis). How many times in the past 12 months did you accidentally consume cannabis?

Minimum: 1, Maximum: 9

__________

Q13d2 Show if Q13c 1 Me

(if Q13d1 Prefer not to answer) You indicated that you accidentally consumed cannabis in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Q13d1 10 or more) You indicated that you accidentally consumed cannabis 10 or more times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Default) You indicated that you accidentally consumed cannabis <<Q13d1.value>> times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?

Select all that apply

Q13d3 Show if Q13c 1 Me

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving you, what is the best description of the cannabis products that were accidentally consumed?

Select all that apply

Q13d4 Show if Q13c 1 Me

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving you, where did the cannabis that was accidentally consumed come from?

Q13e1 Show if Q13c 2 An Adult

You indicated that an adult accidentally consumed cannabis (e.g., eating/drinking it without knowing it contained cannabis). How many times in the past 12 months did an adult accidentally consume cannabis?

Minimum: 1, Maximum: 9

__________

Q13e2 Show if Q13c 2 An Adult

(if Q13e1 Prefer not to answer) You indicated that an adult accidentally consumed cannabis in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Q13e1 10 or more) You indicated that an adult accidentally consumed cannabis 10 or more times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Default) You indicated that an adult accidentally consumed cannabis <<Q13e1.value>> times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?

Select all that apply

Q13e3 Show if Q13c 2 An Adult

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving an adult, what is the best description of the cannabis products that were accidentally consumed?

Select all that apply

Q13e4 Show if Q13c 2 An Adult

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving an adult, where did the cannabis that was accidentally consumed come from?

Q13f1 Show if Q13c 3 A teenager

You indicated that a teenager accidentally consumed cannabis (e.g., eating/drinking it without knowing it contained cannabis). How many times in the past 12 months did a teenager accidentally consume cannabis?

Minimum: 1, Maximum: 9

__________

Q13f2 Show if Q13c 3 A teenager

(if Q13f1 Prefer not to answer) You indicated that a teenager accidentally consumed cannabis in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Q13f1 10 or more) You indicated that a teenager accidentally consumed cannabis 10 or more times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Default) You indicated that a teenager accidentally consumed cannabis <<Q13f1.value>> times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?

Select all that apply

Q13f3 Show if Q13c 3 A teenager

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving a teenager, what is the best description of the cannabis products that were accidentally consumed?

Select all that apply

Q13f4 Show if Q13c 3 A teenager

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving a teenager, where did the cannabis that was accidentally consumed come from?

Q13g1 Show if Q13c 4 A child under 13

You indicated that a child under 13 years old accidentally consumed cannabis (e.g., eating/drinking it without knowing it contained cannabis). How many times in the past 12 months did a child under 13 years old accidentally consume cannabis?

Minimum: 1, Maximum: 9

__________

Q13g2 Show if Q13c 4 A child under 13

(if Q13g1 Prefer not to answer) You indicated that a child under 13 years old accidentally consumed cannabis in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Q13g1 10 or more) You indicated that a child under 13 years old accidentally consumed cannabis 10 or more times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Default) You indicated that a child under 13 years old accidentally consumed cannabis <<Q13g1.value>> times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?

Select all that apply

Q13g3 Show if Q13c 4 A child under 13

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving a child under 13 years old, what is the best description of the cannabis products that were accidentally consumed?

Select all that apply

Q13g4 Show if Q13c 4 A child under 13

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving a child under 13 years old, where did the cannabis that was accidentally consumed come from?

Q13h1 Show if Q13c 5 A pet

You indicated that a pet accidentally consumed cannabis (e.g., eating/drinking it without knowing it contained cannabis). How many times in the past 12 months did a pet accidentally consume cannabis?

Minimum: 1, Maximum: 9

__________

Q13h2 Show if Q13c 5 A pet

(if Q13h1 Prefer not to answer) You indicated that a pet accidentally consumed cannabis in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Q13h1 10 or more) You indicated that a pet accidentally consumed cannabis 10 or more times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Default) You indicated that a pet accidentally consumed cannabis <<Q13h1.value>> times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?

Select all that apply

Q13h3 Show if Q13c 5 A pet

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving a pet, what is the best description of the cannabis products that were accidentally consumed?

Select all that apply

Q13h4 Show if Q13c 5 A pet

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving a pet, where did the cannabis that was accidentally consumed come from?

Q13i1 Show if Q13c 5 6 Other

You indicated that <<Q13c.specify(6)>> accidentally consumed cannabis (e.g., eating/drinking it without knowing it contained cannabis). How many times in the past 12 months did <<Q13c.specify(6)>> accidentally consume cannabis?

Minimum: 1, Maximum: 9

__________

Q13i2 Show if Q13c 5 6 Other

(if Q13i1 Prefer not to answer) You indicated that <<Q13c.specify(6)>> accidentally consumed cannabis in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Q13i1 10 or more) You indicated that <<Q13c.specify(6)>> accidentally consumed cannabis 10 or more times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?
(if Default) You indicated that <<Q13c.specify(6)>> accidentally consumed cannabis <<Q13i1.value>> times in the past 12 months. Did the incident(s) of accidental consumption of cannabis lead to any of the following…?

Select all that apply

Q13i3 Show if Q13c 5 6 Other

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving <<Q13c.specify(6)>>, what is the best description of the cannabis products that were accidentally consumed?

Select all that apply

Q13i4 Show if Q13c 5 6 Other

For the accidental consumption incident(s) involving <<Q13c.specify(6)>>, where did the cannabis that was accidentally consumed come from?

Q14

In your opinion, does using cannabis for non-medical purposes impair one’s ability to drive or operate a motor vehicle?

Q15

As far as you know, when is it safe for someone to drive a motor vehicle after inhaling (smoking/vaping) cannabis for non-medical purposes?

Q16

As far as you know, when is it safe for someone to drive a motor vehicle after ingesting (eating/drinking) cannabis for non-medical purposes?

Q17

How likely do you think it is that a person will be caught by police if they drive while under the influence of the following substances?

Q18

Have you ever been a passenger in a motor vehicle (e.g., car, snowmobile, motor boat or all-terrain vehicle (ATV)) driven by someone who had used cannabis for non-medical purposes within 2 hours before driving?

Q19

During your lifetime have you ever used cannabis for non-medical*?* purposes?

*?* By non-medical purposes we mean recreational (e.g., for enjoyment, pleasure, amusement), socially, for spiritual, lifestyle and other similar non-medical uses.

Q20 Show if Q19 Used nonmedical in lifetime

How old were you when you first tried or started using cannabis for non-medical purposes?

Q21

In the past 12 months, have you used cannabis for medical purposes (used to treat disease/disorder or improve symptoms)?

A medical document authorizing the use of cannabis for medical purposes typically contains information about the healthcare provider and you, the daily quantity (grams) of dried cannabis that you are authorized to use for medical purposes, and the length of time you are authorized to do so. They are similar to prescriptions.

Q22 Show if Q19 Used nonmedical in lifetime

In the past 12 months, have you used cannabis for non-medical purposes?

Q23 Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

Has the frequency/amount of non-medical cannabis you use changed in the last year compared to the previous year due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic? *?*

*?* novel coronavirus outbreak.

Q23b Show if Q23 use more

Why did your cannabis use for non-medical purposes change due to the COVID-19 pandemic? *?*

Select all that apply

*?* novel coronavirus outbreak.

Q25 Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

In the past 12 months, how often did you typically use cannabis for non-medical purposes?

Q26a Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

In the past 12 months, which of the following methods did you use to consume cannabis for non-medical purposes?

Select all that apply

Q26b Show if Q26a Vapourized with a portable 5 or non portable 4 device

What cannabis products did you use when vapourizing cannabis?

Select all that apply

Q26c Show if Q26a 5 Vapourized with portable device

What type of portable vaping device did you use when vapourizing cannabis?

Q27 Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use?

Q28 Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

In the past 12 months, have you used the following cannabis products for non-medical purposes?

Select all that apply

Q29a Show if Q28 1 Used Dried flower past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Dried flower/leaf ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q29b Show if Q28 2 Used Hashish kief past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Hashish/kief ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q29c Show if Q28 3 Used Cannabis oil for oral use past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Cannabis oil for oral use – e.g., in dropper/syringe, softgel/capsules, spray bottle, tinctures ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q29d Show if Q28 4 Used Cannabis vape pen past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Cannabis vape pens/cartridges ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q29e Show if Q28 5 Used Cannabis concentrate past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Cannabis concentrate/extracts – e.g., shatter/wax/budder/butane honey oil/rosin ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q29f Show if Q28 6 Used Cannabis edibles past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Cannabis edible food products – e.g., cookies, candy ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q29g Show if Q28 7 Used Cannabis beverages past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Cannabis beverages – e.g., sparkling water, tea, soft drinks, dissolvable powder ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q29h Show if Q28 8 Used Topicals past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Topicals – e.g., lotion, ointment, creams applied to skin ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q29i Show if Q28 9 Used Other past 12 months

When choosing cannabis products for non-medical purposes, what levels of THC and CBD do you typically use for:
Other: <<Q28.specify(9)>> ?

Please make a selection in each of the CBD and THC sections.

Q30 Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

In the past 12 months, how often have you used the following cannabis products for non-medical purposes?

Q31a Show if Q28 1 Used Dried flower past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Dried flower/leaf How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes?

Please select the amount closest to what you typically use

Q31b Show if Q28 2 Used Hashish kief past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Hashish/kief How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes?

Please select the amount closest to what you typically use

Q31c Show if Q28 3 Used Cannabis oil for oral use past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Cannabis oil for oral use – e.g., in dropper/syringe, softgel/capsules, spray bottle, tinctures How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes?

Please select the amount closest to what you typically use

Q31d Show if Q28 4 Used Cannabis vape pen past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Cannabis vape pens/cartridges How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes?

Please select the amount closest to what you typically use

Q31e Show if Q28 5 Used Cannabis concentrate past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Cannabis concentrate/extracts – e.g., shatter/wax/budder/butane honey oil/rosin How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes?

Please select the amount closest to what you typically use

Q31f Show if Q28 6 Used Cannabis edibles past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Cannabis edible food products – e.g., cookies, candy How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes?

Please select the amount closest to what you typically use

Q31g Show if Q28 7 Used Cannabis beverages past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Cannabis beverages – e.g., sparkling water, tea, soft drinks, dissolvable powder How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes (including any liquid that the product is mixed with)?

Please select the amount closest to what you typically use

Q31h Show if Q28 8 Used Topicals past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Topicals – e.g., lotion, ointment, creams applied to skin How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes?

Please do not enter personally-identifying information.

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

Q31i Show if Q28 9 Used Other past 12 months

On the days that you used:
Other: <<Q28.specify(9)>> How much did you typically use in a day, for non-medical purposes?

Please do not enter personally-identifying information.

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

Q32 Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

In the past 12 months from whom did youusually buy or receive the cannabis you used for non-medical purposes?

Q33 Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

Do you feel that you have reasonable access to cannabis for non-medical purposes through a legal supplier?

Q34a Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

In the past 12 months, how often did you buy or receive any cannabis for non-medical purposes from a legal/licensed source?

Q34b Show if Q34a 1 2 3 or 4

What were these legal/licensed sources?

Select all that apply

Q34c Show if Q34b 3 From someone sharing with me

Did you pay the person(s) for the cannabis they shared with you?

Q34d Show if Q34a 1 2 3 or 4

How, if at all, has your access to cannabis for non-medical purposes from legal/licensed sources changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic? *?*

Select all that apply

*?* novel coronavirus outbreak.

Q35a Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

In the past 12 months, how often did you buy or receive any cannabis for non-medical purposes from an illegal/unlicensed source?

Q35b Show if Q35a 1 2 3 or 4

What were these illegal/unlicensed sources?

Select all that apply

Q35c Show if Q35a 1 2 3 or 4

How, if at all, has your access to cannabis fornon-medical purposes from illegal/unlicensed sources changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic? *?*

Select all that apply

*?* novel coronavirus outbreak.

Q36 Show if Q22 NonMedical user past 12 months

Which factors most influence from whom you usually buy or receive the cannabis you use for non-medical purposes?

Please rank your top 3 choices. You may use the arrows to move a selection up or down, and the X to remove a selection.