Official Languages Tracking Survey 2021 - Final Report

Use of findings of the research

In keeping with the project’s research objectives, the findings of this research are intended to inform the Office of the Commissioner as well as stakeholders in and outside of government about the public’s attitudes and perceptions of official languages and bilingualism. The findings will be of particular use for better understanding the state of public opinion and to challenge certain myths about official bilingualism and misperceptions about Canadians’ attitudes. It is also intended that the findings will be used to develop communications products and research presentations with a view to conveying the results to different audiences, including members of the general public, media, government, community organizations, educators and researchers. As with the 2016 survey results, the 2021 survey results will aid in developing messages and strategies for the promotion of official languages and bilingualism in Canada, in keeping with the Commissioner’s mandate and obligations under Part VII of the Official Languages Act.

For more information, contact the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages

1. Support for the Official Languages Act

Canadians overwhelmingly support the aims of the Official Languages Act. When the question was posed by telephone, support was particularly high with 87 percent saying they support it strongly (56%) or somewhat (32%). Only ten percent of Canadians express any degree of opposition to the aims of the Act in this case. When the question was posed online support was only slightly lower at 81 percent. In both cases, support for the Act is almost identical to what it was in 2016.

Question 1

The Official Languages Act officially recognizes the equal status of both English and French and seeks to ensure that Government of Canada services are provided in both English and French. Would you say that you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose or strongly oppose these aims of the Official Languages Act?

It is notable that support for the Act is consistently high in all regions of Canada. Any changes in support since 2016 at the regional level are relatively small and within margins of error. Moreover, in some cases, support went down slightly in one mode and up in the other. As such, caution should be exercised when attributing significance to changes at the regional level between the 2021 and 2016 results.

Question 1

The Official Languages Act officially recognizes the equal status of both English and French and seeks to ensure that Government of Canada services are provided in both English and French. Would you say that you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose or strongly oppose these aims of the Official Languages Act?

Support for the aims of the Act is also consistently high among all demographic segments. It is notable that support for the Act is almost unanimous among Francophones (95% telephone) and almost as high among Anglophones (85% telephone). It is also notable that people whose mother tongue is a language other than English, or French are just as supportive (87% telephone) of the Act as are Canadians as a whole.

2. Reasons for supporting or opposing the Official Languages Act

Those who support the aims of the Act were asked for the main reason for their support. The most common responses in both modes are: that the Act recognizes Canada’s history, status and culture as a bilingual country; that everyone should be able to communicate and be served in their preferred official language; that the Act promotes fairness and equality; and personal experience with the other official language. It is notable that there is very little difference between Anglophones and Francophones in terms of their reasons for supporting the Act. These findings are remarkably consistent with those from 2016 and there is little significant difference between those who completed the survey online or by phone.

While sample sizes remain low in opposition to the Act, the most common response in both modes is that English is predominant while French is diminishing. This finding is quite consistent with that from 2016.

3. Effectiveness of arguments against the Official Languages Act

In the online survey, Canadians were asked which of three arguments against the Act they found the most persuasive – even if they themselves may be supportive of the Act and may not agree with any of the arguments. Among those choosing an argument, by far the most persuasive argument continues to be that ensuring people can access services in both official languages is simply too expensive. It should be noted that in the 2016 survey all respondents were forced to choose one of the three arguments. In the 2021 online survey, respondents were given the option of not providing an answer, and three in ten (29%) opted not to respond. For the purposes of comparing the 2021 results with those collected in 2016, the table below also displays the results excluding those who did not respond.

Question 13

People have given a number of reasons for opposing the Official Languages Act in Canada. Which of the following reasons would you say is the most persuasive for you, even if you don’t necessarily agree with it or any of them?

It is notable that the small minority of Canadians who oppose the Act are more likely than those who support the Act to find the argument that the government just should not be involved with promoting or protecting official languages in Canada to be the most persuasive argument (34% compared to 10%).

4. Attitudinal statements about Canada’s official bilingualism

Canadians were asked of their level of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements about Canada’s official bilingualism. Eight of those statements were positive towards bilingualism and its implications for diversity in Canada. Strong majorities of Canadians expressed agreement towards all eight of these positive statements in both the telephone and online surveys, though in every case agreement was stronger in the telephone survey. It should be noted that there has been no significant change in reaction to these statements in 2021 compared to 2016. The statements are discussed below by theme:

Question 3

In Canada, we have two official languages, English and French. This means, among other things, that citizens can get services from the federal government in the official language of their choice where numbers warrant it. Below are a series of statements about this topic. For each statement, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree

Question 3

In Canada, we have two official languages, English and French. This means, among other things, that citizens can get services from the federal government in the official language of their choice where numbers warrant it. Below are a series of statements about this topic. For each statement, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree

It is notable that in every case, Francophones (defined here and throughout this report as those who chose to complete the survey in French) are more likely than Anglophones (those who chose to complete the survey in English) to agree with these statements, but in all instances agreement among Anglophones was also high.

Question 3

In Canada, we have two official languages, English and French. This means, among other things, that citizens can get services from the federal government in the official language of their choice where numbers warrant it. Below are a series of statements about this topic. For each statement, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree

As noted earlier, the levels of agreement with these statements are virtually unchanged from what they were in 2016 in both the telephone and online surveys.

Question 3

In Canada, we have two official languages, English and French. This means, among other things, that citizens can get services from the federal government in the official language of their choice where numbers warrant it. Below are a series of statements about this topic. For each statement, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree

The sequences of statements about bilingualism also include three that tested more potentially ambivalent attitudes towards Canada’s policy of having two official languages. Almost half of Canadians agree that “maintaining two official languages just doesn´t make sense for parts of the country which overwhelmingly speak only English or only French”. It is notable that just over half of Anglophones agree with this statement, compared to one third of Francophones (telephone survey). There is also some tendency for men, older people, and those with lower levels of education to agree with this statement.

Most Canadians reject the notion that “too much money is spent on bilingualism by the Government of Canada”. There is a notable linguistic difference in response to this statement; 69 percent of Francophones disagree with it compared to 48 percent of Anglophones (telephone survey). Younger people and those with university education are also much more likely to disagree with this sentiment.

While most Canadians disagree that there are languages other than English and French that should be made official, this is one item where there has been a significant shift over the past five years. Four in ten (41%) of those responding to the survey by phone now agree that other languages should be made official (not necessarily to the exclusion of English or French). This marks a 16 percent increase from 2016. There is a similar increase in agreement with this sentiment in the online survey, though agreement there is lower. It is notable that agreement with giving other languages official status is higher among those whose mother tongue is English (43% by telephone) or another language (45%) than among those whose mother tongue is French (29%).

Question 3

In Canada, we have two official languages, English and French. This means, among other things, that citizens can get services from the federal government in the official language of their choice where numbers warrant it. Below are a series of statements about this topic. For each statement, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree

Question 3

In Canada, we have two official languages, English and French. This means, among other things, that citizens can get services from the federal government in the official language of their choice where numbers warrant it. Below are a series of statements about this topic. For each statement, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree

Question 3

In Canada, we have two official languages, English and French. This means, among other things, that citizens can get services from the federal government in the official language of their choice where numbers warrant it. Below are a series of statements about this topic. For each statement, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree

Question 3

In Canada, we have two official languages, English and French. This means, among other things, that citizens can get services from the federal government in the official language of their choice where numbers warrant it. Below are a series of statements about this topic. For each statement, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree

1. Preferences around official bilingualism

Survey respondents were asked whether they agree or a disagree with a series of statements dealing with what should be offered in both languages, or ought to be bilingual in Canada. The vast majority of Canadians agree that all Canadians should be able to obtain federal services in English or French and this sentiment is overwhelming among both Anglophones and Francophones. There is also strong agreement that the Prime Minister, judges of the Supreme Court and cabinet ministers should be bilingual, that major events held in Canada should be bilingual and that in times of crisis it is important to be by addressed by political leaders in one’s own language.

While clear majorities agree with all these statements, agreement is less strong among those who completed the survey online than among those who completed the survey by telephone, which is consistent with the survey as a whole. There is also a noticeable difference in how Anglophones and Francophones respond to some of these statements. Among Francophones there is almost unanimous agreement with statements about how offices and institutions should be bilingual. Among Anglophones, agreement is also strong, but not always to the same extent. For example, in the telephone survey 94 percent of Francophones agree that federal cabinet ministers should be bilingual, whereas 67 percent of Anglophones agree.

Question 4

Below are a series of statements about some specific aspects of bilingualism in Canada. Please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of them

Question 4

Below are a series of statements about some specific aspects of bilingualism in Canada. Please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of them

A majority of Canadians in both survey modes agree that more support is needed for Francophone minority communities outside Quebec and for Anglophone minority communities in Quebec. It is notable that in both cases levels of agreement are much higher in the telephone survey than in the online survey. Also, Francophones are much more likely to agree that more support is needed for the Francophone minority outside Quebec than Anglophones are to agree that more support is needed for the Anglophone minority in Quebec.

Most Canadians also agree that Canada’s bilingualism policy works well with its multiculturalism policy. Again, agreement is stronger among those who did the survey by telephone. On this question, it is notable that agreement is particularly high among those whose mother tongue is neither English nor French and those who are racialized (76% and 75% respectively in the telephone survey). It is also notable that, overall, Anglophones and Francophones agreed with this statement to the same extent (68% for both in the telephone survey).

Question 4

Below are a series of statements about some specific aspects of bilingualism in Canada. Please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of them

Question 4

Below are a series of statements about some specific aspects of bilingualism in Canada. Please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of them

2. Advantages of knowing both languages

Survey respondents were asked to rate a series of potential advantages of bilingualism as a ‘major advantage,’ a ‘minor advantage’ or no advantage at all. In both modes, the vast majority acknowledge that knowing both languages offers a Canadian at least some advantage. Clear majorities in both modes feel that increasing employment opportunities and providing better service (for those who work with the public) are major advantages of being bilingual. While there is general agreement across all demographic groups, there are some demographic patterns in the extent to which Canadians feel that being bilingual is advantageous. Women, younger people, those with university education and those whose mother tongue is a language other than English or French are more likely to regard knowing both languages as a major advantage in all areas.

Question 6

For each of the following, please indicate if you feel that knowing both official languages would be a major advantage for a Canadian to have, a minor advantage, or no real advantage?

Question 6

For each of the following, please indicate if you feel that knowing both official languages would be a major advantage for a Canadian to have, a minor advantage, or no real advantage?

Francophones are much more likely than Anglophones to feel that knowing both official languages is a major advantage in all of these areas, but many Anglophones also agree. About nine in ten Francophones (telephone) feel it is a major advantage for employment opportunities, offering services to the public and travelling to other countries. Among Anglophones the proportions regarding these as major advantages are in the 50 to 60 percent range.

Question 6

For each of the following, please indicate if you feel that knowing both official languages would be a major advantage for a Canadian to have, a minor advantage, or no real advantage?

There is virtually no change since 2016 in the extent to which Canadians feel that knowing both languages is a major advantage in all these areas.

Question 6

For each of the following, please indicate if you feel that knowing both official languages would be a major advantage for a Canadian to have, a minor advantage, or no real advantage?

3. Myths about official bilingualism

Online survey respondents were presented with seven myths about official bilingualism and language policy and were asked if they felt each was “true” or “false”. It should be noted that while six of the seven statements are very definitely myths, the statement “Canada’s language policy means that all federal services must be offered in both official languages coast to coast”, while strictly speaking not completely true, could be open to interpretation.

Over eight in ten think it is true that Canada’s language policy means that all federal services must be offered in both official languages. A majority also believe that in Canada outside of Quebec, French is no longer the second-most common language after English, despite the most recently available census data showing otherwise. Significantly, Francophones as well as Anglophones tend to believe this myth to be true. It is also notable that four in ten believe that one must be bilingual to work for the federal public service and one quarter believe that only those who grew up in a French environment will ever become proficient enough to meet the bilingualism criteria of the federal public service. Only a small minority of Canadians think that the official language policy requires that all Canadians must speak both languages.

It is notable that 26 percent think that the Quebec government does not have to provide any services in English and 20 percent think that the English-speaking minority in Quebec is more socio-economically privileged than the French-speaking majority – though in both cases many, particularly those living outside Quebec are not sure.

Question 12

Based on your understanding, are each of the following statements true or false?

For the most part there is little difference between Anglophones and Francophones in the extent to which they believe each myth. However, in two instances there are very significant differences with almost half of Francophones believing that the English minority in Quebec is more privileged than the French majority and 28 percent of Francophones thinking that Canada’s language policy means that all Canadians must speak English and French. Only very small proportions of Anglophones think either of these statements are true.

Question 12

Based on your understanding, are each of the following statements true or false?

In the 2016 survey, respondents were forced to say that they considered each statement to be either true or false. They were not given the option of responding that they were “not sure”. For the sake of being able to compare the 2021 results with the 2016 results, the table below depicts the proportions only of respondents to the 2021 online survey who provide and “true” or “false” response. There has been no significant change in the extent to which Canadians believe any of these myths.

Question 12

Based on your understanding, are each of the following statements true or false?

1. Self-assessed language proficiency

As was the case in 2016, about one half of Canadians describe themselves as fluent or at least conversant in the other official language and about one half say they are unable to converse in the other language. Second language ability is highest in Quebec and to a lesser extent in Atlantic Canada, Ontario and BC. Second language ability is lower in the Prairie provinces.

While there is some tendency for people with higher incomes and higher levels of education to be more likely to be at least conversant in the other language, the more significant story is the difference between Francophones and Anglophones. In the telephone survey 76 percent of Francophones say they are at least conversant in English compared to 39 percent of Anglophones who say they are at least conversant in French.

Question 7

How would you describe your level of proficiency in [French or English]? Would you say that you are…?
(2016: How would you describe your level of proficiency in [French or English] Would you say that you are fluent, conversant, meaning that you are able to have a simple conversation, or that you are unable to converse)

Question 7

How would you describe your level of proficiency in [French or English] ? Would you say that you are…?
(2016: How would you describe your level of proficiency in [French or English] Would you say that you are fluent, conversant, meaning that you are able to have a simple conversation, or that you are unable to converse)

2. Reasons for not learning the other official language

All who were not fluent in the other official language were asked to list the main factors that have prevented them from learning or being more proficient in the other language. The most common reasons cited in the telephone survey include lack of access to language courses, lack of enough opportunities to practice and a lack of necessity or a lack of interest in learning the other language.

There were methodological differences in how this question was posed in the online survey that likely led to significant differences in responses. Those who completed the survey online were prompted with a list of possible factors or reasons that they could check off while those who completed the survey by phone were asked to provide reasons on their own with no prompting. Online respondents therefore provided a larger number of responses and were much more likely to cite such factors as lack of opportunity to practice, lack of time, finding the other language too difficult or, notably, fear of being judged for their accent or grammar.

Question 8

What are the factors that have prevented you from learning [French or English] or becoming more proficient in it?
Subgroups: Those not fluent in other official language

3. Where the other language was learned

Just under half of Canadians who are at least conversant in the other official language say they learned the language in elementary and/or high school and another four in ten learned both in school and in other places. About one in six say they learned the other language completely in another non-school setting. There is little demographic difference in where Canadians learned the other language except that Anglophones are much more likely to have learned French only in school, while Francophones are more likely to have learned English somewhere else or in a mix of school and somewhere else.

Question 9

How did you learn [French or English]? Was it…?
Subgroups: Those fluent or conversant in non-interview language

The vast majority of those who learned the other official language in elementary or high school did so in regular non-immersion language classes in school. In the online survey Anglophones (15%) are more likely than Francophones (6%) to have learned the other language in immersion classes.

Question 10

When you learned [French or English] in elementary/high school was it through a [French or English] immersion program or through regular non-immersion [French or English] classes?
Subgroups: Those learning non-interview language in school

Those who learned the other language at least to some extent outside of elementary and high school were asked where else they learned the other language. There are modal differences in how people responded to this question as a result of online respondents being presented with a check list of possible responses, while telephone respondents had to volunteer where else they learned the other language without prompting. The most common ways in which people learn the other language outside of school include from TV and movies, from socializing with friends, from family, through work, travel and from university level courses or private lessons.

Question 11

How else did you learn [French or English]?
Subgroups: Those learning non-interview language outside school

4. Perceptions of community bilingualism

Respondents in the online survey were asked about their perceptions of bilingualism in their community. Most Canadians (76%) believe that they live in a community where virtually no one or only a small proportion of people are bilingual. Just one in five believe that nearly everyone or a sizeable proportion of people in their community is bilingual. These results are almost identical to what was observed in 2016.

There is wide variance by province and region on this question. Almost half of Quebecers (48%) say that nearly everyone or a sizeable proportion of people in their community are bilingual. This proportion is much lower in the rest of Canada where only 12 percent say that nearly everyone or a sizeable proportion of people in their community are bilingual.

Question 14

To what degree do you think people in your community are bilingual, that is able to speak both English and French?

5. Exposure to the other official language

Respondents in the online survey were also asked about their exposure to the other official language. A significant minority of all Canadians report that they at least occasionally interact with people who mainly speak the other official language (31%), use media such as television, radio and internet in the other official language (25%) and enjoy cultural products such as literature, music, cinema, and theatre (26%).

Question 15

How often do you interact with people who are mostly [French or English] speaking?

Question 16

How often do you use media in [French or English] such as television, radio and internet?

Question 17

How often do you enjoy cultural products in [French or English] such as literature, music, cinema, theatre?

The most notable aspect of this response to this question on exposure to the other official language is the major difference between the extent to which Quebecers interact with speakers of the other official language and consume media and cultural products in the other language compared to the reverse among other Canadians. Six in ten Quebecers report that they at least occasionally interact with speakers of the other official language, use media and/or enjoy cultural products in the other language. Among Canadians elsewhere, only two in ten at least occasionally interact with speakers of the other official language and even smaller proportions use media and enjoy cultural products in the other language.

Question 15

How often do you interact with people who are mostly [French or English] speaking?

Question 16

How often do you use media in [French or English] such as television, radio and internet?

Question 17

How often do you enjoy cultural products in [French or English] such as literature, music, cinema, theatre?

Since 2016, results suggest some increase in the proportions of Canadians who interact with media - such as television, radio and internet or enjoy cultural products at least occasionally in the other official language.

Question 15

How often do you interact with people who are mostly [French or English] speaking?

Question 16

How often do you use media in [French or English] such as television, radio and internet?

Question 17

How often do you enjoy cultural products in [French or English] such as literature, music, cinema, theatre?

6. Impact of pandemic on exposure to the other official language

The last two years have been marked by the Covid-19 pandemic which has had a major impact on the lives of many Canadians. However, respondents in the online survey were asked about this, and the vast majority (78%) report that the pandemic has made no difference to the extent to which they and their families have been exposed to the other official language. Another one in ten (12%), say the pandemic reduced their exposure to the other language and four percent say the pandemic caused their exposure to the other language to increase. These sentiments are consistent among Anglophones and Francophones and there are no notable significant demographic patterns.

Question 18

What impact has the Covid-19 pandemic had on you and your family’s exposure to the ‘Other’ Language? Has the pandemic…?

1. Attitudinal statements on official language education

The vast majority of Canadians in both the telephone and online surveys are in agreement that English and French should continue to be taught in elementary schools across Canada and also that more efforts should be made so that young people can become bilingual and speak in both official languages. These support levels are consistently high across all demographic groupings. Support tends to be particularly strong among young people between the ages of 18 and 34, Francophones and also among those born outside Canada or whose mother tongue is a non-official language. There is also a high level of support for the notion that the Government of Canada should do more to support college and university programs for those who want to study in French outside Quebec and again this is an area where support is particularly strong among Francophones.

On the topic of immersion programs, it is notable that a large majority continue to agree that provincial/territorial governments should make more spaces available in immersion programs and a smaller majority agree that language immersion programs provide a better-quality education than non-immersion programs.
There is also a high level of support for the idea that the Government of Canada should continue to invest in exchange programs as a way to encourage understanding between the country's Anglophones and Francophones and a large majority also agree that they would be (or would have been) interested in participating in school-based language exchanges to interact with young people from the other official language communities.

Most Canadians continue to reject the idea that it is more useful for Canadian children to speak other languages, such as Mandarin or Arabic, than learning to speak both official languages. While this sentiment is shared by both official language groups, there is a notable divide in how they respond to this question. Whereas only one in ten Francophones agree with this sentiment, 38 percent of Anglophones agree (telephone survey). Agreement with this notion is also higher among those whose mother tongue is another language (43%), those born outside Canada (41%) and those who are from racialized groups (47%).

Question 5

I am going to read a series of statements regarding English- and French-language education. Please tell me/ indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of them.

Question 5

I am going to read a series of statements regarding English- and French-language education. Please tell me/ indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of them.

Question 5

I am going to read a series of statements regarding English- and French-language education. Please tell me/ indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of them.

Question 5

I am going to read a series of statements regarding English- and French-language education. Please tell me/ indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of them.

2. Importance of children learning to be bilingual

The online survey asked respondents whether they had children under eighteen. The vast majority of parents, both in Quebec (99%) and outside Quebec (70%), with children younger than eighteen feel it is important that their children have the opportunity to learn the other official language and become bilingual. A majority of parents in all regions studied share this view. It is notable, however, that parents in Quebec (76%) are much more likely to see this as “very” important than are parents outside Quebec (32%).

Question 20

How important is it to you that your child or children have the opportunity to learn [French/English] and become bilingual? Is it…?
Subgroups: Parents of child/ren <18

Question 20

How important is it to you that your child or children have the opportunity to learn [French/English] and become bilingual? Is it…?
Subgroups: Parents of child/ren <18

1. Correlation with support for the Official Languages Act

As one might expect the statements that correlate the most strongly with support for the aims of the Act are the two statements that also relate to bilingualism and language rights. People who would agree that “Every effort should be made to promote bilingualism among Canadians” and that “Language rights are as important as any other rights guaranteed in the Charter” are also highly supportive of the Official Languages Act and its aims. The other issue that correlates significantly with support for the Act are the two that relate to the environment. We can see in the table below that there is notable positive correlation with the statements “Canada needs to enact stricter laws and regulations in order to fight climate change” and “We should all be environmentally conscious even if we have to pay higher prices. ”

There is also some correlation between support for the Act and the sentiment that “Quebec represents a distinct society within Canada,” however it should be noted that support for the Act tends to be higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada and agreement with that statement about Quebec being a distinct society is mostly found among Quebecers.

There is weaker but still notable correlation between support for the Act and statements saying that “labour unions make life better for all working Canadians” and “women face additional barriers in the workplace that men do not” suggesting that support for bilingualism is linked at least to some extent with support for equity issues and social justice. There is only very weak correlation, however, with the statement “Every reasonable accommodation for religious minority groups should be made in Canada, even if their values are not shared by most Canadians. ”

2. Correlation with opposition to the Official Languages Act

In analysing the extent to which these statements correlate with opposition to the aims of the Official Languages Act, in some ways the lack of correlation is as notable as the correlation. The statement that correlates the most strongly with opposition to the aims of the Act is “the government has gone too far in pushing equal rights” which speaks to a suspicion of the equity agenda and another statement that also correlates, albeit weakly, with opposition to the Act is “the number of immigrants coming to Canada threatens long-held Canadian values”. Other statements with weaker levels of correlation such as “when something is run by the government, it is usually inefficient and wasteful” and “regular people don't have any real say in what elected officials in Ottawa do” relate more to a feeling of cynicism about government. But again, it should be stressed that these are relatively modest levels of correlation and that the proportion of Canadians who oppose the Act is quite small.

It is notable that we do not see any significant correlation between opposition to the Act and opposition to vaccine mandates or concerns about government collecting too much personal information. There also does not appear to be any correlation between attitudes towards the Act and the extent to which people trust or mistrust the mainstream media.

Attitudes towards Bilingualism 2021: Final Questionnaire - CATI
N = 1,500 general population

The information provided will be administered according to the requirements of the Privacy Act. This call may be monitored or recorded for quality control purposes.

This completes the survey. The survey was conducted on behalf of the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages and is subject to the Federal Access to Information Act. Thank you very much for your participation!

Attitudes towards Bilingualism 2021: Final Questionnaire - Online
N = 1,500 general population

This completes the survey. On behalf of the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, thank you for your valuable input. In the coming months, the results of this survey will be available on the Library and Archives Canada website.