Canada-U.S. Relations Survey

Methodological Report

Prepared for the Privy Council Office of Canada

Supplier name: Advanis Inc.
Contract Number: 35035-200902/001/CY
Contract Value: $129,853.54 (including HST)
Award Date: 2020-11-30
Delivery Date: 2021-02-12

Registration Number: POR 071-20

For more information on this report, please contact the Privy Council Office at:por-rop@pco-bcp.gc.ca

Ce rapport est aussi disponible en français

Canada-US Relations Survey

Methodological Report

Prepared for the Privy Council Office of Canada
Supplier name: Advanis Inc.
February 2021

This public opinion research report presents the methodology of a telephone survey conducted by Advanis Inc. on behalf of the Privy Council Office. The research was conducted with 2,000 adult Canadians, and 1,107 adult Americans between December 8th, 2020 and February 3rd, 2021.

Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre : Les relations Canado-Américaines – rapport méthodologique.

This publication may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes only. Prior written permission must be obtained from the Privy Council Office. For more information on this report, please contact the Privy Council Office at:

por-rop@pco-bcp.gc.ca
Privy Council Office
85 Sparks Street
Room 228
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0A3

Catalogue number:
CP22-194/2021E-PDF

International Standard Book Number (ISBN):
978-0-660-37513-7

Related publications (registration number: POR 071-20):
Catalogue number CP22-194/2021F-PDF (Methodological Report, French)
International Standard Book Number (ISBN): 978-0-660-37514-4

Table of contents

1.0 Summary
2.0 Methodology
3.0 Sampling Plan
4.0 Weighting
5.0 Quality Control
6.0 Appendices
- Appendix A. Response Rate
- Appendix B. Questionnaire

1.0 Summary

1.1 Background and objectives

The Privy Council Office (PCO) is the hub of non-partisan, public service support to the Prime Minister and Cabinet and its decision-making structures. Led by the Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO helps the Government implement its vision and respond effectively and quickly to issues facing the government and the country.

As an advisor to the Prime Minister, PCO brings together quality, objective policy advice and information to support the Prime Minister and Cabinet, including (1) information on the priorities of Canadians and (2) expertise on outcomes-based policy and program approaches.

The Communications and Consultation Secretariat within PCO supports the Prime Minister’s Office in coordinating government communications and setting broad government communications themes and messages, in accordance with government priorities, as determined by the Prime Minister, Cabinet, Cabinet committees and the Clerk of the Privy Council. The Secretariat also works with PCO policy secretariats to advise and support Cabinet and its committees.

Through the use of the Canada-US Relations Survey, PCO aimed to explore the perceptions of Canadians and Americans on various bilateral issues, such as trade, security and the environment. By carrying out this research, PCO will be able to ensure a better understanding of public perceptions and develop communications strategies and products that are effective.

The study was conducted, in both English and French, using a 12-minute computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) survey. Numbers were generated using RDD (random digit dialing) systems using both landline and wireless phone numbers across Canada and the United States. Overall, 2,000 Canadians completed the survey between December 8^th, 2020 and January 16^th, 2021 with a response rate of 11.9%, and a margin of error of 2.2% (19 times out of 20 at a 95% confidence interval). 1107 Americans completed the survey between December 8^th, 2020 and February 3, 2021 with a response rate of 2.7%, and a margin of error of 2.95% (19 times out of 20 at a 95% confidence interval). Given the timing of the research calling was suspended for the last 2 weeks of December. In the United States, calling was also paused after the January 6^th, 2021 attack on the US Capitol building, and did not resume until after the January 20^th inauguration. The data was weighted based on gender, age, region and country.

The total cost of this research was $129,853.54 (including HST).

1.2 Political Neutrality Requirement

Political neutrality certification

I hereby certify as Senior Officer of Advanis that the deliverables fully comply with the Government of Canada political neutrality requirements outlined in the Policy on Communications and Federal Identity and the Directive on the Management of Communications.

Specifically, the deliverables do not include information on electoral voting intentions, political party preferences, standings with the electorate, or ratings of the performance of a political party or its leaders.

Signed: Nicolas Toutant, Vice-President, Research and Evaluation

2.0 Methodology

The survey was conducted via telephone, using computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) technology, with a representative random sample of 2,000 Canadians and 1,107 Americans. The average survey length was estimated to be 12 minutes, with the average for Canada ended up at just over 11.5 minutes, and the United States at just over 13 minutes. Advanis’ approach to CATI is to apply the best technology, interviewers, and quality assurance to each project to achieve the highest quality data in the most efficient manner that meets the project and client needs.

An overlapping dual-frame sample was proposed in order to reach those in both the younger age categories, and those considered to be “cord-cutters”. “Cord-cutting”, or using only a wireless phone, is becoming more prevalent, particularly in the United States, so increasing the proportion of wireless sample was required during field.

Data collection in Canada versus the United States was very different in terms of participation and challenges. In Canada, a total of 29,025 phone numbers were dialed, and 2,000 people completed in the survey. Within Canada, in order to better represent the population age and gender distributions, an additional 758 people qualified for the survey but were unable to participate because enough data with their demographic profile had already been collected. Of the calls conducted in Canada, 16 percent were conducted in French and 84 percent were conducted in English. This resulted in 372 (19%) of the 2000 completes being French-speaking interviews. Canada achieved a response rate of 11.9%, and a completion rate of 7.9%. The response rate calculation is presented in Appendix A.

In the United States, a total of 52,962 phone numbers were dialed, and 1,107 people completed the survey. The response rate in the United States was only 2.4% (calculation is presented in Appendix A). Calling in the United States was difficult for a number of reasons, in particular, getting respondents to answer the phone was quite difficult. The amount of no answer/answering machine type calls was 20% higher in the US than in Canada. Among US numbers dialed, 30,500 were wireless numbers. When comparing landline to wireless although the refusal rate was higher on wireless (30% wireless vs. 21% landline), the proportion of those willing to answer the phone was also higher, resulting in a 3.2% response rate among wireless numbers, compared to 1.9% on landline.

In addition to lower response rates, data collection in the United States also encountered cases of individuals making unsolicited comments to interviewers during calls.

It should be noted that the timing of data collection for the study may not have been ideal. Response rates prior to the holiday season in December are typically lower in general. US calling was also suspended after the attack on the US capital on January 6^th, 2021, and paused until after the inauguration on January 20^th, 2021. The fact that data collection was done at a moment of high political turmoil in the US probably impacted the participation rate of certain segments of the population this could have introduced some bias.

A pre-test was conducted for the study on Tuesday December 8^th, 2020. A total of 33 completes was collected, including 10 English and 10 French in Canada, and 13 English completes from the United States. During the pre-test the average survey length was 18 minutes for the United States and 16 minutes for Canada, so it was recommended that some questions be removed to decrease the survey length.

3.0 Sampling Plan

The target audience was Canadians and Americans who are 18 years and older. The sample size targeted was 2,000 adult Canadians and 1,107 Americans. The target for Canada was to collect 50% of completes from women, and 50% from men in each age group (18 to 34, 35 to 54, 55 and older), while also collecting with regional distribution for each of the following regions:

Atlantic Canada (Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick);
Quebec;
Ontario;
Manitoba/Saskatchewan/Nunavut;
Alberta/Northwest Territories;
British Columbia/Yukon.

Similarly, the American sample target was for 50% female and 50% males, among the same three age categories, targeting a distribution across 4 regions: Northeast, Midwest, South and West.

The final sample consisted of the following split.

Canada	BC/YT	AB/NT	MB/SK/NU	ON	QC	Atlantic	Total
Female 18-34	25	25	24	45	44	23	186
Female 35 to 54	44	48	44	107	68	36	347
Female 55+	70	47	48	162	87	50	464
Male 18-34	39	33	37	70	39	23	241
Male 35 to 54	45	58	38	101	75	33	350
Male 55+	59	50	43	136	77	47	412
Total	282	261	234	621	390	212	2000

United States	Midwest	Northeast	South	West	Total
Female 18-34	14	15	20	23	72
Female 35 to 54	31	21	41	24	117
Female 55+	67	56	95	71	289
Male 18-34	20	23	38	35	116
Male 35 to 54	47	34	59	39	179
Male 55+	83	69	117	65	334
Total	262	218	370	257	1107

4.0 Weighting

Overall, 3,107 telephone interviews were conducted during data collection. The weighting of the final file was based on four variables: country, region, age, and gender. Given the population difference between Canada and the United States, the US data was weighted down to the Canadian data. The population sizes are based on the latest Statistics Canada census results published in the 2016 Census. The United States were based on the most recent available census as well.

Segment ID (segid)	Unweighted N	Weight	Weighted %
CA AB/NT Female 18-34	25	1.105	0.89%
CA AB/NT Female 35-54	48	0.659	1.02%
CA AB/NT Female 55+	47	0.614	0.93%
CA AB/NT Male 18-34	33	0.86	0.91%
CA AB/NT Male 35-54	58	0.553	1.03%
CA AB/NT Male 55+	50	0.54	0.87%
CA Atlantic Female 18-34	23	0.536	0.40%
CA Atlantic Female 35-54	36	0.505	0.59%
CA Atlantic Female 55+	50	0.489	0.79%
CA Atlantic Male 18-34	23	0.532	0.39%
CA Atlantic Male 35-54	33	0.515	0.55%
CA Atlantic Male 55+	47	0.462	0.70%
CA BC/YT Female 18-34	25	1.116	0.90%
CA BC/YT Female 35-54	44	0.827	1.17%
CA BC/YT Female 55+	70	0.639	1.44%
CA BC/YT Male 18-34	39	0.725	0.91%
CA BC/YT Male 35-54	45	0.759	1.10%
CA BC/YT Male 55+	59	0.682	1.30%
CA MB/SK/NU Female 18-34	24	0.631	0.49%
CA MB/SK/NU Female 35-54	44	0.388	0.55%
CA MB/SK/NU Female 55+	48	0.415	0.64%
CA MB/SK/NU Male 18-34	37	0.419	0.50%
CA MB/SK/NU Male 35-54	38	0.444	0.54%
CA MB/SK/NU Male 55+	43	0.414	0.57%
CA Ontario Female 18-34	45	1.814	2.63%
CA Ontario Female 35-54	107	0.99	3.41%
CA Ontario Female 55+	162	0.745	3.88%
CA Ontario Male 18-34	70	1.17	2.64%
CA Ontario Male 35-54	101	0.981	3.19%
CA Ontario Male 55+	136	0.774	3.39%
CA Quebec Female 18-34	44	1.053	1.49%
CA Quebec Female 35-54	68	0.893	1.95%
CA Quebec Female 55+	87	0.912	2.55%
CA Quebec Male 18-34	39	1.198	1.50%
CA Quebec Male 35-54	75	0.81	1.95%
CA Quebec Male 55+	77	0.905	2.24%
US Midwest Female 18-34	14	3.384	1.52%
US Midwest Female 35-54	31	1.789	1.79%
US Midwest Female 55+	67	0.939	2.02%
US Midwest Male 18-34	20	2.458	1.58%
US Midwest Male 35-54	47	1.163	1.76%
US Midwest Male 55+	83	0.649	1.73%
US Northeast Female 18-34	15	2.588	1.25%
US Northeast Female 35-54	21	2.164	1.46%
US Northeast Female 55+	56	0.92	1.66%
US Northeast Male 18-34	23	1.751	1.30%
US Northeast Male 35-54	34	1.317	1.44%
US Northeast Male 55+	69	0.639	1.42%
US South Female 18-34	20	4.354	2.80%
US South Female 35-54	41	2.486	3.28%
US South Female 55+	95	1.217	3.72%
US South Male 18-34	38	2.377	2.91%
US South Male 35-54	59	1.702	3.23%
US South Male 55+	117	0.846	3.19%
US West Female 18-34	23	2.362	1.75%
US West Female 35-54	24	2.65	2.05%
US West Female 55+	71	1.016	2.32%
US West Male 18-34	35	1.61	1.81%
US West Male 35-54	39	1.607	2.02%
US West Male 55+	65	0.95	1.99%

5.0 Quality Control

5.1 - Quality Control in Survey Programming

Advanis utilizes technology to maximize quality control in survey programming. Having developed a proprietary survey engine tool, Advanis professionals are able to design and program a survey in a browser-based environment, eliminating the need to involve a programmer who is less familiar with the survey subject matter. The survey was thoroughly pre-tested. to ensure skip patterns and survey questions were correctly programmed.

5.2 - CATI Methodology and Quality Control

The CATI survey script was programmed on Advanis’ proprietary CATI platform. Telephone surveys were conducted by experienced and professional interviewers. Regular monitoring system was in place to ensure the accuracy of the responses.

5.3 - Quality Control in Data Handling and Reporting

For all of the data collected, Advanis develops rigorous checks to ensure the data is accurate and error-free according to the questionnaire logic (skip patterns). Data cleaning involved computing a gender variable for weighting from the survey question and the combined interviewer observance if the respondent did not provide this information. Region variables were computed for both Canada and the United States, as well as a bucketed age category variable. Finally, a segment id for weighting was computed from the country, region, age and gender variables. The weight was not designed to allow cross-tabulation or statistical testing between the 2 countries.

6.0 Appendices

Appendix A. Response Rate

Canadian Response Rate

	Total	%
GENERATED	29025	100.0%
USED	29025	100.0%
Not in service	2208	7.6%
Not residential	382	1.3%
Line problem	105	0.4%
Fax	156	0.5%
Wrong number	6	0.0%
A. NOT VALID^[1]	2857	9.8%
VALID	26168	90.2%
Not eligible	1171	4.5%
Language barrier	267	1.0%
Age - Illness	95	0.4%
Other	8	0.0%
B. OUT OF SAMPLE^[2]	1541	5.3%
SAMPLE^[3]	25385	87.5%
C. Household refusal	5357	21.1%
C. Multiple household refusal	1	0.0%
D. Respondent refusal	4915	19.4%
D. Multiple respondent refusal	7	0.0%
D. FINAL refusal	325	1.3%
D. Prolonged absence	15	0.1%
D. Incomplete	123	0.5%
C. No answer	10278	40.5%
D. Appointments	1606	6.3%
Quota blocked	758	3.0%

Completed interviews	2000	7.9%

% REFUSAL^[4]	41.8%
% COMPLETED^[5]	7.9%
ELIGIBILITY RATE^[6]	86.4%
RESPONSE RATE^[7]	11.9%

American Response Rate

	Total	%
GENERATED	52962	100.0%
USED	52962	100.0%
Not in service	3890	7.3%
Not residential	502	0.9%
Line problem	361	0.7%
Fax	645	1.2%
Wrong number	14	0.0%
A. NOT VALID^[1]	5412	10.2%
VALID	47550	89.8%
Not eligible	481	1.0%
Language barrier	515	1.1%
Age - Illness	59	0.1%
Other	4	0.0%
B. OUT OF SAMPLE^[2]	1059	2.0%
SAMPLE^[3]	46484	87.8%
C. Household refusal	11971	25.8%
C. Multiple household refusal	1	0.0%
D. Respondent refusal	3878	8.3%
D. Multiple respondent refusal	10	0.0%
D. FINAL refusal	474	1.0%
D. Prolonged absence	7	0.0%
D. Incomplete	40	0.1%
C. No answer	28461	61.2%
D. Appointments	535	1.2%
Quota blocked	0	0%

Completed interviews	1107	2.4%

% REFUSAL^[4]	35.1%
% COMPLETED^[5]	2.4%
ELIGIBILITY RATE^[6]	85.1%
RESPONSE RATE^[7]	2.7%

Appendix B. Questionnaire

Intro2

(if is Canada and IsLandline) Hello/Bonjour, my name is _______________. I’m calling from Advanis. We are conducting a brief study for the Government of Canada on current issues of interest to Canadians. Your responses will be kept entirely confidential and anonymous.

May I please speak with the person in your household who is 18 years of age or older and who has had the most recent birthday? Would that be you?

If person is not available arrange callback

(if is Canada and IsCellphone) Hello/Bonjour, my name is _______________. I’m calling from Advanis. We are conducting a brief study for the Government of Canada on current issues of interest to Canadians. Your responses will be kept entirely confidential and anonymous.

May I confirm that you are 18 years of age or older?

(if is USA and IsLandline) Hello/Bonjour, my name is _______________. I’m calling from Advanis. We are conducting a brief study for the Government of Canada on current issues of interest to Americans. Your responses will be kept entirely confidential and anonymous.

May I please speak with the person in your household who is 18 years of age or older and who has had the most recent birthday? Would that be you?
If person is not available arrange callback
(if is USA and IsCellphone) Hello/Bonjour, my name is _______________. I’m calling from Advanis. We are conducting a brief study for the Government of Canada on current issues of interest to Americans. Your responses will be kept entirely confidential and anonymous.

May I confirm that you are 18 years of age or older?

IF NEEDED: The survey will take about 10 minutes to complete.
FOR VALIDATION: To validate the research for this study you may go to https://www.canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/rvs/home/ and reference project 20201204-AD398

WHERE DID YOU GET MY NUMBER: We are calling a random sample of numbers across both Canada and the United States.

1 Yes, continue
2 Yes, getting person STAY ON PAGE AND READ AGAIN
3 Yes, callback
4 No, refused

Term2 Show if InitialRefusal2

Refusal. Status Code: 1000

Callback2Show if RequestedCallback2

Callback. Status Code: 1001

Section Survey

D1. Before we begin, please note that this call may be monitored for quality assurance purposes.
What is your sex?

Female
Male
DO NOT READ: Other
DO NOT READ Prefer not to answer

D12. Show if D1 Unknown or other. DO NOT READ RECORD SELF ASSESED GENDER

Female
Male

D2a. Which of the following age categories do you fall into?

18 to 24
25 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
or 65 or older?
DO NOT READ Prefer not to answer

D10a. Show if is Canada. And to better understand how results vary by region, can you tell me which province you live in?

Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland and Labrador
Nova Scotia
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Yukon
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

D11. Show if is USA. And to better understand how results vary by region, can you tell me which state you live in?

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia (Washington D.C.)
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

T1. Show if Refusedp prov or state. We're sorry but for this study we need to know the area you live in.

Thank you for your time. Status Code: 501

T2. Show if RegionAgeGender QuotaBlock. We're sorry but we have already fille our quota of people like yourself.

Thank you for your time. Status Code: 570

Q1. (if is Canada) For each of the following we are interested in learning about your level of trust when it comes to Canada working with other countries on various issues.

For [READ COUNTRY] would you say you [READ SCALE]

(if is USA)For each of the following we are interested in learning about your level of trust when it comes to the United States working with other countries on various issues.

For [READ COUNTRY] would you say you [READ SCALE]

Levels marked with * are randomized

the United States * (Show if is Canada)
Canada * (Show if is USA)
Mexico *
Australia *
The United Kingdom *
Germany *
Japan *
India *
France *
Israel *
Russia *
China *
Saudi Arabia *

Scales

Trust a great deal
Trust it somewhat
Mistrust it somewhat
Mistrust it a great deal
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q2. (if is Canada) Overall, is your opinion of the United States ...? (if is USA)Overall, is your opinion of Canada ...? READ LIST

Very favourable
Somewhat favourable
Somewhat unfavourable
Very unfavourable
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q3. (if is Canada) Compared to 5 years ago has your opinion of the United States ...? (if is USA)Compared to 5 years ago has your opinion of Canada ...? READ LIST

Improved
Stayed the same
Gotten worse
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q5. For each of the following, please indicate what kind of priority, if at all, you think it is. [READ ITEM] is it a [READ SCALE]: ONLY REPEAT SCALE IF NECESSARY. Levels marked with * are randomized.

Increasing trade between [Canada and the United-States / the United States and Canada] *
Addressing the issue of individuals who cross the [Canada-U.S. / U.S.-Canada] border between official points of entry to claim asylum *
[Canada and the United-States / the United States and Canada] working together to [protect the environment / address climate change] *
[Canada and the United-States / the United States and Canada] working together to defend North America from terrorist threats *
[Canada and the United-States / the United States and Canada] working together to defend North America from cyber threats *
[Canada and the United-States / the United States and Canada] working together to secure enough medical products, such as vaccines and personal protective equipment, or PPE *

Scales

Top priority
Medium priority
Low priority
Not a priority at all
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q6. (if is Canada) Which of the following best describes your opinion: Free trade between Canada and the United-States ...
(if is USA)Which of the following best describes your opinion: Free trade between the United States and Canada ... Levels marked with * are randomized.

Helps [Canadian / American] businesses because they can expand into [American / Canadian] markets *
Hurts [Canadian / American] businesses because they must compete against [American / Canadian] businesses in [Canada / the United States] *
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q6a. (if is Canada) Please indicate your level of support for the following. To create more jobs for Canadians, [READ FIRST ITEM]. Would you say you [READ SCALE]:
(if is USA)Please indicate your level of support for the following. To create more jobs for Americans, [READ FIRST ITEM]. Would you say you [READ SCALE]:

ONLY REPEAT SCALE IF NEEDED. Levels marked with * are randomized.

Have a “Buy North American” strategy, where the [Government of Canada / US Government] only gives contracts to companies that make their products in North America *
Have a “Buy [Canadian / American]" strategy, where the [Government of Canada / US Government] only gives contracts to companies that make their products in [Canada / the United States] *

Scales

Strongly support
Somewhat support
Somewhat oppose
Strongly oppose
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q8. (if is Canada) When it comes to Canada being part of a free trade agreement that includes Canada, Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam, would you say you [READ LIST] this?
(if is USA)When it comes to the United States joining a free trade agreement that includes Canada, Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam, would you say you [READ LIST] this?

Scales

Strongly support
Somewhat support
Somewhat oppose
Strongly oppose
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q9. The Keystone XL pipeline would transport oil from Canada through the United States to refineries in Texas. Do you [READ LIST] the pipeline?

Strongly support
Somewhat support
Somewhat oppose
Strongly oppose
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q10. For each of the following, do you have a [READ SCALE] opinion: IF RESPONDENT IS UNSURE OF WHAT SOMETHING IS CODE AS "NEVER HEARD OF". Levels marked with * are randomized

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO *
The North American Aerospace Defense Command, or NORAD *
The United Nations *
The Group of Twenty, or the G20 *
The World Health Organization *
The Group of Seven, or the G7 *
The Five Eyes, an intelligence alliance comprised of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States *

Scales

Very positive
Somewhat positive
Somewhat negative
Very negative
DO NOT READ Never heard of this
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q11. Show if is Canada. Overall, do you think the Government of Canada is standing up for Canadian interests in the United States [READ LIST]?

Very well
Somewhat well
Somewhat poorly
Very poorly
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q12. Show if is USA. Which of the following best describes your opinion:

Temporary work visas that allow foreign workers in specialty occupations – such as tech workers - to work in the United States for a set period of time… Levels marked with * are randomized.

should be suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic to help protect American jobs *
should continue during the COVID-19 pandemic to help American companies that rely on these foreign workers to remain competitive *
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q13. Show if is USA. Which of the following best describes your opinion:

International students who are studying in the United States… Levels marked with * are randomized.

should be able to stay in the United States as long as they are enrolled in school here *
should be able to stay in the United States for a maximum of 4 years *
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

Q14. Show if is USA. Which of the following best describes your opinion:

International organizations that promote free trade and settle trade disputes… Levels marked with * are randomized.

help the US economy, because the rules help to avoid trade wars *
hurt the US economy, because the rules favour other countries over the US *
DO NOT READ Don't know/Refused

D3. Show if is Canada. What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Less than a High School diploma or equivalent
High School diploma or equivalent
Registered Apprenticeship or other trades certificate or diploma
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma
University certificate or diploma below bachelor's level
Bachelor's degree
Post graduate degree above bachelor's level
DO NOT READ Prefer not to answer

D3a. Show if is USA. What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

I did not graduate from high school
High school graduate
Technical apprentice or trade school graduate
2 year college degree
4 year college degree
Post graduate (masters or PhD)
DO NOT READ Prefer not to answer

D4. Which of the following best describes your total household income last year, before taxes, from all sources for all household members?

Under $20,000
$20,000 to just under $40,000
$40,000 to just under $60,000
$60,000 to just under $80,000
$80,000 to just under $100,000
$100,000 to just under $150,000
$150,000 and above
DO NOT READ Prefer not to answer

D5. Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status? Are you…

Working full-time, that is, 35 or more hours per week
Working part-time, that is, less than 35 hours per week
Self-employed
Unemployed, but looking for work
A student attending school full-time
Retired
Not in the workforce [Full-time homemaker, unemployed, not looking for work]
DO NOT READ Other
DO NOT READ Prefer not to answer

Thank you very much for your time and assistance. The survey is now complete. Good bye.

[1] No possible contacts at these numbers

[2] Respondents were not eligible or were unable to answer

[3] Usable numbers

[4] Refusal/sample

[5] Completed/sample

[6] (D+Completed+Quota Blocked)/(B+D+Completed+Quota Blocked)

[7] (Completed+Quota Blocked)/(C*(E.R.)+D+Completed+Quota Blocked)