COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) Study in Canada Phase 2 - Methodological report

Prepared for the Privy Council Office (PCO)

Supplier:
Ekos Research Associates Inc.
Contract Number:
35035-211315/001/CY
Contract Value:
$249,509.48 (tax included)
Award Date:
December 7, 2021
Delivery Date:
June 26, 2023
Registration Number:
POR-057-21

For more information on this report, please contact Public Opinion Research: POR-ROP@pco-bcp.gc.ca

This public opinion research report presents the methodology for the conduct of eight online surveys conducted by Ekos Research Associates Inc. on behalf of the Privy Council Office (PCO).

Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre : Surveillance instantanée COVID-19 (SICO Canada): Phase 2.

This publication may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes only. Prior written permission must be obtained from PCO.

Catalogue Number:
978-0-660-49315-2
International Standard Book Number (ISBN):
CP22-201/2023E-PDF
Catalogue Number (French Report):
978-0-660-49316-9
ISBN:
CP22-201/2023F-PDF

© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, 2023

Table of Contents

Summary

A. Background and Methodology

The Privy Council Office (PCO) is the hub of non-partisan, public service support to the Prime Minister and Cabinet and its decision-making structures. Led by the Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO helps the Government implement its vision and respond effectively and quickly to issues facing the government and the country.

Between March 2020 and September 2021, PCO led the implementation of the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) Study Phase 1, which longitudinally captured respondents’ perceptions, knowledge, and behaviours in response to the pandemic. The COSMO Study Phase 1 was founded on a comprehensive survey developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), released to assist countries in quickly establishing a data collection mechanism to track the evolving response context related to COVID-19 at the citizen-level. It enabled PCO to contribute evidence-based, behaviourally-informed insights and recommendations to public communication materials, policy and programmatic considerations, and whole-of-government decision-making related to the Government of Canada’s broader response effort.

This report outlines the methodology used in the COSMO Study’s second Phase, which continued to monitor the evolving pandemic response context with a refreshed sample of Canadians (including a flexible oversample of diverse sub-segments of the population), and a restructured survey body exploring new thematic areas related to re-integration and recovery. More specifically, as the country gradually re-opened, this study monitored Canadians’ beliefs and behaviours on the road to re-integrating to workplaces, social circles, and the day-to-day activities they engaged in before the pandemic, and further explored the factors posing threats to collective recovery emerging from Phase 1 evidence (e.g., vaccine hesitancy, exposure to and spread of mis/disinformation).

Through a partnership with HC and PHAC, the implementation of the COSMO Study Phase 2 allowed PCO to monitor progress and explore challenges related to pandemic recovery, identify specific segments of Canadians with greater need for support, and then tailor efforts to those specific contexts with a deeper understanding of these priority populations.

The target audience for this study was adults living in Canada 18 years of age and older, aiming for appropriate representation of gender, age, education, and regional split (Canadian citizens as well as permanent residents).

The study consisted of eight survey waves of 2,000 respondents each. The sample included general population respondents in all survey waves, as well as an oversample of selected underrepresented populations in one of the waves (sixth wave only).

B. Expenditure

The contract amount for this project was $249,509.48 (including HST).

C. Political Neutrality Certification

I hereby certify as Senior Officer of Ekos Research Associates Inc. that the deliverables fully comply with the Government of Canada political neutrality requirements outlined in the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada and Procedures for Planning and Contracting Public Opinion Research.

Specifically, the deliverables do not include information on electoral voting intentions, political party preferences, standings with the electorate or ratings of the performance of a political party or its leaders.

Signed by Derek Jansen (Vice President)

Appendices

A. Detailed Methodology

Data was collected through online surveys with adult Canadians 18 years of age and older, randomly recruited from Ekos’ probability-based online panel.

Data was collected through a rolling poll. For 8 waves, Ekos conducted an approximately 20 minute online survey with 2,000 general population respondents each wave, with the exception of the sixth wave, where we also included Canadians from underrepresented populations identified by the client (those who had a pregnancy within the last year, and respondents with 2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine).

For the most part, the same 2,000 general population panelists were interviewed each wave; a new panelist was only added to the sampling frame when an original panelist stopped participating. However, for Wave 8 an entirely fresh (new) sample was included, at the request of the client.

The general population sample frame for each survey wave consisted of roughly 50% women and 50% men for each age group (18 to 34; 35 to 54; 55+), and for each region:

The survey results for each wave (n=2,000) are valid within a margin of error of ± 2.2 percentage points, 19 times out of 20.

B. Survey Programming and Pre-Test

PCO provided Ekos with the final English questionnaire for each survey wave. Ekos translated, programmed and pre-tested the questionnaire for each survey wave with at least 20 respondents (a minimum of 10 English and 10 French pre-test completions each wave). Appended to the pre-test questionnaire was a diagnostic battery of questions which allowed respondents to provide an assessment of the clarity and flow of the questionnaire, and provide any final comments about the survey. The questionnaire for each survey wave was finalized in consultation with PCO.

C. Survey Administration/Quality Control

The final questionnaire in each survey wave was administered to the full sample using a bilingual e-mail invitation and a bilingual questionnaire, installed on a web-server controlled by Ekos. The e-mail invitation included a description of the survey (in both languages) along with a link to the survey website. When respondents clicked on the survey link, they were taken to a website containing the survey instrument. Once inside the survey, the respondent had the choice of completing the questionnaire in French or English (and they could change the survey language between French and English at any time). The survey database was mounted using a Personalized Identification Number (PIN), so only individuals with a PIN were allowed access to the survey (the PIN was included in the e-mail invitation). The PIN also allowed respondents to exit and re-enter the survey at any time to complete or change information before the questionnaire was completed/submitted.

Survey data collection adhered to the Standards for the Conduct of Government of Canada Public Opinion Research—Online Surveys, as well as all applicable industry standards. Ekos informed respondents of their rights under the Privacy Act and the Access to Information Act and ensured that those rights were protected throughout the research process. This included: informing respondents of the purpose of the research; identifying both the sponsoring department and the research supplier; informing respondents that their participation in the study is voluntary, and that the information provided would be administered according to the requirements of the Privacy Act.

Both the e-mail invitation and the survey instructions included an e-mail address and a 1-800 number that respondents could use in the event that there were questions about the study or completing the questionnaire.

In order to increase the response rate to the survey, all non-respondents were sent up to three bilingual reminder e-mails, emphasizing the relevance and importance of the survey, and asking them to take the time needed to participate.

D. Sample Source/Data Analysis

The sample for the survey was drawn from Ekos’ in-house probability-based panel, Probit. Probit is a research panel that has been designed by Ekos to provide statistically representative data. Our online panel offers complete coverage of the Canadian population (i.e., Internet, phone, cell phone), random recruitment (in other words, participants are recruited randomly, they do not opt themselves into our panel), and equal probability sampling. All respondents to our panel are recruited by telephone using random digit dialling and are confirmed by live interviewers.

Our panel is considered to be probability based as it is recruited from random digit dial (RDD) sample, both landline and cell phone. The overall panel size is roughly 100,000 Canadian households. Random stratified samples are drawn from the panel database for individual research assignments.

Once the data for each survey wave was collected, the database was reviewed for data quality. Coding of open-ended questions was also completed. Survey results were weighted based on Statistics Canada data according to age, gender, region and education to ensure the sample was representative of the general public aged 18 years and older. Based on an analysis plan provided by PCO, Ekos provided results for each survey wave in the form of Excel data tables and SPSS files. A field summary was also provided at the end of each wave.

E. Overview of Survey Waves

Below we outline the field dates, sample sizes, sample composition (general public and underrepresented populations), and response rates[1] for each of the eight survey waves conducted as part of this study.

Overview of Survey Waves
Wave Characteristics Data
Wave 1 Field Dates: February 3-25, 2022
Sample Size: 2,000
New respondents 2,000
Return respondents 0
Return respondents who completed all waves to date 0
Sample Composition: General Public
Response Rate: 12.3%
Wave 2 Field Dates: April 5-25, 2022
Sample Size: 2,000
New respondents 466
Return respondents 1,534
Return respondents who completed all waves to date 1,534
Sample Composition: General Public
Response Rate: 34.7%
Wave 3 Field Dates: June 1-24, 2022
Sample Size: 2,000
New respondents 373
Return respondents 1,627
Return respondents who completed all waves to date 1,267
Sample Composition: General Public
Response Rate: 36.5%
Wave 4 Field Dates: August 3-26, 2022
Sample Size: 2,000
New respondents 240
Return respondents 1,760
Return respondents who completed all waves to date 1,170
Sample Composition: General Public
Response Rate: 42.7%
Wave 5 Field Dates: October 5-26, 2022
Sample Size: 2,000
New respondents 237
Return respondents 1,763
Return respondents who completed all waves to date 1,065
Sample Composition: General Public
Response Rate: 24.2%
Wave 6 Field Dates: November 25-December 12, 2022
Sample Size: 2,000
New respondents 222
Return respondents 1,778
Return respondents who completed all waves to date 1,000
Sample Composition: 1,886 General Public; 114 underrepresented populations (pregnancy within the last year, respondents with 2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine)
Response Rate: 48.6%
Wave 7 Field Dates: February 8-24, 2023
Sample Size: 2,000
New respondents 321
Return respondents 1,679
Return respondents who completed all waves to date 939
Sample Composition: General Public
Response Rate: 49.3%
Wave 8 Field Dates: May 19-June 6, 2023
Sample Size: 2,000
New respondents 2,000
Return respondents 0
Return respondents who completed all waves to date 0
Sample Composition: General Public
Response Rate: 8.5%

Questionnaires

Wave 1

Online Introduction

In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Canada is conducting a research study on the impact of COVID-19. Ekos has been hired to administer this survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français. The survey takes about 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential.

Your responses will be identified by a subject number and the researchers will not know your identity or your personal information. To view Ekos' privacy policy, click here.

The purpose of this study is to improve actions taken by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers will be used for research purposes and to help improve the COVID-19 outbreak response. Please complete the survey in one sitting.

Further information about this study:

Consent

All willing respondents will be asked to complete updated versions of this survey seven more times over the next year because your continued participation allows us to track opinions and behaviours about COVID-19 among the same cohort of individuals as they evolve over time. We greatly appreciate repeat participation.

I agree to participate in this study and understand that all my answers will only be used for scientific purposes.

I agree to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the information provided here.

I am aware that the data will be published in anonymous form to promote transparency in science.

DEMO

Thank you for deciding to participate in this study. First, please provide us with some information about yourself.

QAGE

In what year were you born?

QAGE1

If... QAGE = 99: 99

In which of the following age categories do you belong?

GENDER

What best describes your gender? Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on legal documents.

SEX

What was your sex at birth? Sex refers to sex assigned at birth.

PROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

Select one only

EDUCATION

What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Select one only

QLANGUAGE

Which language do you speak most often at home?

HEALTH_WORKER

Are you a health care provider (i.e., nurse, medical doctor, paramedic, first responder, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, etc.)?

SERVICE_INDUSTRY

Do you work in the service industry (i.e., tourism, food and beverage, hospitality, etc.)?

ILLNESS

Do you have a serious, long-term illness, like diabetes, emphysema, or high blood pressure?

DISABILITY

Do you identify as a person with a disability? A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term or recurring impairment (such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related) which limits their daily activities inside or outside the home (such as at school, work, or in the community in general).

URBAN

Which of the following best describes the place where you live now?

CHILDREN

Do you have children under 18 years of age?

CHILDREN1

If... CHILDREN = 1

How many children under 18 years of age do you have?

CHILDREN2 [1,3]

If... CHILDREN = 1

What are the ages of your children?

Select all that apply.

EMPLOYMENT

Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?

Please select one only.

CITIZENSHIP

Where were you born?

IMMIGRATION

If... CITIZENSHIP = 2

In what year did you first move to Canada?

ETHNICITY [1,13]

You may belong to one or more racial or cultural groups on the following list.

Select all that apply.

INCOME

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income. That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes?

HOUSEHOLD

How many people, including yourself, are supported by your total household income?

SEX_ORIENTATION

What best describes your sexual orientation?

PREG

If... SEX = 2

Are you currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have you given birth within the last six months?

SECTA

The following section asks about certain public health measures as well as your experiences with COVID-19 vaccination.

FLU_SHOT

Did you get a flu shot this season (fall 2021 or winter 2022)?

PRETEST

In the past four weeks, have you...

TESTA

Been tested for COVID-19 (for example, at an assessment centre, using a rapid test, at a pharmacy)

RAPID_TEST

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: If at-home, rapid COVID-19 tests were available to me, I would use them.

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS

In the past month, how often have you used the following measures to avoid getting COVID-19 or to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

PREV_BEHAVIOURSA

Wearing a face mask when it is mandatory (e.g. in stores)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSB

Wearing a face mask when it is not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSC

Choosing to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURSD

Taking steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opening windows, using a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSE

Physical distancing (i.e. staying at least 2 meters from others)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSF

Frequent hand washing or sanitizing

PREV_BEHAVIOURSG

Staying home when you are sick

PREV_BEHAVIOURSH

Avoiding public places and events

PREV_BEHAVIOURSI

Quarantine (i.e. not leaving your home)

PREBEHAVIOURS

In the past two weeks, have you...

BEHAVIOURSA

Visited indoors with friends and family that are not part of your household

BEHAVIOURSB

Sat inside a bar or restaurant

BEHAVIOURSC

Travelled to another province or territory

BEHAVIOURSD

Travelled to another country

BEHAVIOURSE

Worked or gone to school in an indoor setting (e.g., office, store, classroom)

BEHAVIOURSF

Gone to the gym or an exercise class

BEHAVIOURSG

Attended an indoor sporting event and/or concert

PREFATIGUE1

In the future, if the following public health measures had to be reintroduced to prevent a widespread outbreak, would you support them?

FATIGUE1A

Gathering limits

FATIGUE1B

Stay-at-home orders

FATIGUE1C

Closing of businesses

FATIGUE1D

Travel restrictions/border closures

FATIGUE1E

Avoiding indoor gatherings with people outside of your household

FATIGUE1F

School or daycare closures

PREMASK

In the past month, how often have you...

MASKA

Worn a high quality medical mask (i.e., N95, KN95 or equivalent) in indoor public settings

MASKB

Worn a cloth mask in indoor public settings

MASKC

Worn a surgical mask in indoor public settings

VAX_STATUS

Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?

PREVAX_EXPERIENCES

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:

VAX_EXPERIENCESA

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I feel more comfortable going out in public (e.g., to stores, eating in restaurants) since getting the vaccine

VAX_EXPERIENCESB

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I feel concerned that I might develop long-term side effects from the vaccine

VAX_EXPERIENCESC

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I think it is important to continue to get tested if I have any symptoms of COVID-19

VAX_EXPERIENCESD

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I feel comfortable interacting indoors with people from outside my household without wearing a mask

VAX_EXPERIENCESE

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I think limiting my own international travel is important even if I am vaccinated

VAX_EXPERIENCESF

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I feel safer from severe disease outcomes such as hospitalizations or death

BOOSTER

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3

If a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine was available and recommended for you, how likely would you be to get it?

BOOSTER1

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3

To what extent would you be comfortable receiving a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose that was a different brand than the doses you had previously received?

BOOSTER2

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3 and BOOSTER = 1,2,: 3

In a few words, please explain your main reasons for feeling against or unsure about receiving a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.

VAX_INTENT

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

Will you get a COVID-19 vaccine?

PASSPORT

Some provinces and territories have implemented proof-of-vaccination requirements. In your opinion, how much longer do you think these requirements should be in place?

SOCIAL_CIRCLE

Are most of your close friends or family members vaccinated against COVID-19?

ROUTINE_VAX

Have you ever decided not to get a routine vaccine or delayed getting a routine vaccine (e.g. tetanus, shingles, pneumonia) for reasons other than illness or allergy?

CHILD_VAX

If... CHILDREN2 = 3

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 12-17 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX1

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 1

You have indicated that your child(ren) aged 12-17 have already received one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Do you expect that they will get the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX2

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 4

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 12-17, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_VAX3

If... CHILDREN2 = 2

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 5-11 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX4

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 1

You have indicated that your child(ren) aged 5-11 already received one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Will they get the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX5

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 5-11, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_VAX6

If... CHILDREN2 = 1

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: If a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child/children aged 4 and under, I would get them vaccinated.

CHILD_VAX7

If... (CHILD_VAX = 4 and CHILD_VAX2 = 3,98) or (CHILD_VAX3 = 3 and CHILD_VAX5 = 3,98) or (CHILD_VAX6 = 3,98)

In a few words please explain why you are unsure or against getting a vaccine for some or all of your children.

CHILD_VAX8

If... CHILDREN = 1

How worried are you about your child(ren) contracting COVID-19?

SECTB

The following section asks about your trust in news and information sources.

PRETRUST_INFO

To what extent do you trust or distrust the following sources for information on COVID-19?

TRUST_INFOA

Television news

TRUST_INFOB

Radio, podcasts and other broadcasts

TRUST_INFOC

Newspapers and other journalism

TRUST_INFOD

Canadian Government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOE

Provincial/Territorial government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOF

International health authorities (e.g. World Health Organization)

TRUST_INFOG

Healthcare workers (e.g. doctors, nurses)

TRUST_INFOH

Scientific experts

TRUST_INFOI

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube)

TRUST_INFOJ

Celebrities

TRUST_INFOK

Online search engines or other websites (e.g. Google)

TRUST_INFOL

Friends and family

TRUST_INFOM

Work/school colleagues

SECTC

This section asks about your knowledge and opinions on the COVID-19 virus.

PREMIDI_ACCURACY

To the best of your knowledge, how accurate are the claims in each of the following news headlines?

MIDI_ACCURACYA

The fatality rate of COVID-19 has been deliberately and greatly exaggerated in the media

MIDI_ACCURACYB

New vaccine technologies for COVID-19 build immunity by altering your DNA

MIDI_ACCURACYC

The COVID-19 vaccine causes infertility

MIDI_ACCURACYD

To rush COVID-19 vaccines to the market, pharmaceutical companies took shortcuts that compromise the safety of the vaccines

MIDI_ACCURACYE

People should not be getting a COVID-19 vaccine because it is better to have natural immunity against the virus than artificial immunity

MIDI_ACCURACYF

The prolonged use of masks can cause CO2 intoxication and oxygen deficiency

MIDI_ACCURACYG

COVID-19 vaccines are resulting in new variants of the virus

MIDI_ACCURACYH

There is scientific consensus that masks can help prevent the spread of COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYI

COVID-19 spreads most commonly through airborne transmission - small respiratory droplets that linger in the air

MIDI_ACCURACYJ

Vitamin and mineral supplements cannot cure COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYK

Children can become seriously ill from COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYL

Scientists have been studying pandemic coronaviruses and vaccines to protect against them for over a decade

MIDI_ACCURACYM

Improving air ventilation (like opening windows or using HEPA filters) reduces the likelihood of spreading COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYN

Vaccinated people who get COVID-19 are less likely to end up in hospital than are unvaccinated people who get COVID-19

PREMIDI_SHARE

If you were to see the following news stories online (for example, through Facebook or Twitter), how likely would you be to share them?

MIDI_SHAREA

The fatality rate of COVID-19 has been deliberately and greatly exaggerated in the media

MIDI_SHAREB

New vaccine technologies for COVID-19 build immunity by altering your DNA

MIDI_SHAREC

The COVID-19 vaccine causes infertility

MIDI_SHARED

To rush COVID-19 vaccines to the market, pharmaceutical companies took shortcuts that compromise the safety of the vaccines

MIDI_SHAREE

People should not be getting a COVID-19 vaccine because it is better to have natural immunity against the virus than artificial immunity

MIDI_SHAREF

The prolonged use of masks can cause CO2 intoxication and oxygen deficiency

MIDI_SHAREG

COVID-19 vaccines are resulting in new variants of the virus

MIDI_SHAREH

There is scientific consensus that masks can help prevent the spread of COVID-19

MIDI_SHAREI

COVID-19 spreads most commonly through airborne transmission - small respiratory droplets that linger in the air

MIDI_SHAREJ

Vitamin and mineral supplements cannot cure COVID-19

MIDI_SHAREK

Children can become seriously ill from COVID-19

MIDI_SHAREL

Scientists have been studying pandemic coronaviruses and vaccines to protect against them for over a decade

MIDI_SHAREM

Improving air ventilation (like opening windows or using HEPA filters) reduces the likelihood of spreading COVID-19

MIDI_SHAREN

Vaccinated people who get COVID-19 are less likely to end up in hospital than are unvaccinated people who get COVID-19

SOCIAL_MEDIA [1,7]

Which of the following social media platforms do you use regularly (i.e. once every few days, or more).

Please click all that apply

QALGO_1

How do you believe decisions are made about what stories are shown to people on Facebook and other social media sites?

PREQAOTE

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements.

QAOTEA

It is important to be loyal to your beliefs even when evidence is brought to bear against them.

QAOTEB

Whether something feels true is more important than evidence.

QAOTEC

Just because evidence conflicts with my current beliefs does not mean my beliefs are wrong.

QAOTED

There may be evidence that goes against what you believe but that does not mean you have to change your beliefs.

QAOTEE

Even if there is concrete evidence against what you believe to be true, it is OK to maintain cherished beliefs.

QAOTEF

Regardless of the topic, what you believe to be true is more important than evidence against your beliefs.

SECTD

The following section asks about how the pandemic has affected your wellbeing and mental health.

LIFE_SATISFACTION

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole?

MENTAL_HEALTH

Since the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020, my overall mental health has:

PREMOOD

In the past two weeks, how often have you...

MOODA

Felt hopeful about the future

MOODB

Had trouble sleeping

MOODC

Felt anxious, nervous or on edge

MOODD

Felt lonely

MOODE

Felt depressed

MOODF

Felt burnt out

SECTE

The following section asks about your outlook about the pandemic and the future.

OUTLOOK

Thinking of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think...

OUTLOOK1

When do you expect that day-to-day life in Canada will resemble pre-pandemic times?

PREOUTLOOK2

At the moment, how much do you worry about:

OUTLOOK2A

The impact of COVID-19 on the economy

OUTLOOK2B

Inflation or cost-of-living increases

OUTLOOK2C

The possibility of being unemployed

OUTLOOK2D

The pandemic's impact on the mental health of Canadians

OUTLOOK2E

Not having enough money to pay for essential items

OUTLOOK2F

Supply chain disruptions

OUTLOOK2G

The emergence of another wave of COVID-19 cases

OUTLOOK2H

The emergence of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus

OUTLOOK2I

The pandemic's long-term effects on children's development

OUTLOOK2J

The health system being overloaded

PRETHREAT_SCALE

In your opinion, how much of a threat, if any, is the COVID-19 outbreak for...

THREAT_SCALEA

Your personal health

THREAT_SCALEB

The health of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEC

Your personal financial safety

THREAT_SCALED

The Canadian economy

THREAT_SCALEE

Day-to-day life in your local community

THREAT_SCALEF

The rights and freedoms of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEG

What it means to be Canadian

THREAT_SCALEH

Canadian values and traditions

THREAT_SCALEI

Canadian democracy

THREAT_SCALEJ

The maintenance of law and order in Canada

SECTG

The following section asks questions related to your proximity to and experiences with COVID-19.

INFECTION

Are you or have you been infected with COVID-19?

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey! We hope that you will participate in our next survey. Some of the questions in this study presented statements that are false. The current evidence suggests that:

The present study deals with topics that you might have found distressing. If you found participation distressing, we want to encourage you to consider free mental health services including the following: Crisis Services Canada and other resources:

https://www.canada.ca/covid-mental-health

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact iiu-uii@pco-bcp.gc.ca

THNK2

Screened-out

Unfortunately, based on your responses you are ineligible to participate in this survey. Thank you for your time!

Wave 2

Online Introduction

In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Canada is conducting a research study on the impact of COVID-19. Ekos has been hired to administer this survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français. The survey takes about 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential.

Your responses will be identified by a subject number and the researchers will not know your identity or your personal information. To view Ekos' privacy policy, click here.

The purpose of this study is to improve actions taken by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers will be used for research purposes and to help improve the COVID-19 outbreak response. Please complete the survey in one sitting.

Further information about this study:

Consent

All willing respondents will be asked to complete updated versions of this survey seven more times over the next year because your continued participation allows us to track opinions and behaviours about COVID-19 among the same cohort of individuals as they evolve over time. We greatly appreciate repeat participation.

I agree to participate in this study and understand that all my answers will only be used for scientific purposes.

I agree to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the information provided here.

I am aware that the data will be published in anonymous form to promote transparency in science.

DEMO

Thank you for deciding to participate in this study. First, please provide us with some information about yourself.

QAGE

In what year were you born?

QAGE1

If... QAGE = 99: 99

In which of the following age categories do you belong?

GENDER

What best describes your gender? Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on legal documents.

SEX

What was your sex at birth? Sex refers to sex assigned at birth.

PROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

Select one only

EDUCATION

What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Select one only

QLANGUAGE

Which language do you speak most often at home?

HEALTH_WORKER

Are you a health care provider (i.e., nurse, medical doctor, paramedic, first responder, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, etc.)?

SERVICE_INDUSTRY

Do you work in the service industry (i.e., tourism, food and beverage, hospitality, etc.)?

ILLNESS

Do you have a serious, long-term illness, like diabetes, emphysema, or high blood pressure?

DISABILITY

Do you identify as a person with a disability? A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term or recurring impairment (such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related) which limits their daily activities inside or outside the home (such as at school, work, or in the community in general).

URBAN

Which of the following best describes the place where you live now?

CHILDREN

Do you have children under 18 years of age?

CHILDREN1

If... CHILDREN = 1

How many children under 18 years of age do you have?

CHILDREN2 [1,3]

If... CHILDREN = 1

What are the ages of your children?

Select all that apply.

EMPLOYMENT

Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?

Please select one only.

CITIZENSHIP

Where were you born?

IMMIGRATION

If... CITIZENSHIP = 2

In what year did you first move to Canada?

ETHNICITY [1,13]

You may belong to one or more racial or cultural groups on the following list.

Select all that apply.

INCOME

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income. That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes?

HOUSEHOLD

How many people, including yourself, are supported by your total household income?

SEX_ORIENTATION

What best describes your sexual orientation?

PREG

If... SEX = 2

Are you currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have you given birth within the last six months?

SECTA

The following section asks about certain public health measures as well as your experiences with COVID-19 vaccination.

FLU_SHOT

Did you get a flu shot this season (fall 2021 or winter 2022)?

PRETEST

In the past four weeks, have you...

TESTA

Been tested for COVID-19 (for example, at an assessment centre, using a rapid test, at a pharmacy)

RAPID_TEST

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: If at-home, rapid COVID-19 tests were available to me, I would use them.

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS

In the past month, how often have you used the following measures to avoid getting COVID-19 or to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

PREV_BEHAVIOURSA

Wearing a face mask when it is mandatory (e.g. in stores)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSB

Wearing a face mask when it is not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSC

Choosing to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURSD

Taking steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opening windows, using a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSE

Physical distancing (i.e. staying at least 2 meters from others)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSF

Frequent hand washing or sanitizing

PREV_BEHAVIOURSG

Staying home when you are sick

PREV_BEHAVIOURSH

Avoiding public places and events

PREV_BEHAVIOURSI

Quarantine (i.e. not leaving your home)

PREBEHAVIOURS

In the past two weeks, have you...

BEHAVIOURSA

Visited indoors with friends and family that are not part of your household

BEHAVIOURSB

Sat inside a bar or restaurant

BEHAVIOURSC

Travelled to another province or territory

BEHAVIOURSD

Travelled to another country

BEHAVIOURSE

Worked or gone to school in an indoor setting (e.g., office, store, classroom)

BEHAVIOURSF

Gone to the gym or an exercise class

BEHAVIOURSG

Attended an indoor sporting event and/or concert

PREFATIGUE1

In the future, if the following public health measures had to be reintroduced to prevent a widespread outbreak, would you support them?

FATIGUE1A

Gathering limits

FATIGUE1B

Stay-at-home orders

FATIGUE1C

Closing of businesses

FATIGUE1D

Travel restrictions/border closures

FATIGUE1E

Avoiding indoor gatherings with people outside of your household

FATIGUE1F

School or daycare closures

PREMASK

In the past month, how often have you...

MASKA

Worn a high quality medical mask (i.e., N95, KN95 or equivalent) in indoor public settings

MASKB

Worn a cloth mask in indoor public settings

MASKC

Worn a surgical mask in indoor public settings

VAX_STATUS

Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?

PREVAX_EXPERIENCES

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:

VAX_EXPERIENCESA

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I feel more comfortable going out in public (e.g., to stores, eating in restaurants) since getting the vaccine

VAX_EXPERIENCESB

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I feel concerned that I might develop long-term side effects from the vaccine

VAX_EXPERIENCESC

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I think it is important to continue to get tested if I have any symptoms of COVID-19

VAX_EXPERIENCESD

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I feel comfortable interacting indoors with people from outside my household without wearing a mask

VAX_EXPERIENCESE

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I think limiting my own international travel is important even if I am vaccinated

VAX_EXPERIENCESF

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4

I feel safer from severe disease outcomes such as hospitalizations or death

BOOSTER

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3

If a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine was available and recommended for you, how likely would you be to get it?

BOOSTER1

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3

To what extent would you be comfortable receiving a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose that was a different brand than the doses you had previously received?

BOOSTER2

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3 and BOOSTER = 1,2,: 3

In a few words, please explain your main reasons for feeling against or unsure about receiving a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.

VAX_INTENT

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

Will you get a COVID-19 vaccine?

PASSPORT

Some provinces and territories have implemented proof-of-vaccination requirements. In your opinion, how much longer do you think these requirements should be in place?

SOCIAL_CIRCLE

Are most of your close friends or family members vaccinated against COVID-19?

ROUTINE_VAX

Have you ever decided not to get a routine vaccine or delayed getting a routine vaccine (e.g. tetanus, shingles, pneumonia) for reasons other than illness or allergy?

CHILD_VAX

If... CHILDREN2 = 3

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 12-17 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX1

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 1

You have indicated that your child(ren) aged 12-17 have already received one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Do you expect that they will get the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX2

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 4

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 12-17, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_VAX3

If... CHILDREN2 = 2

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 5-11 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX4

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 1

You have indicated that your child(ren) aged 5-11 already received one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Will they get the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX5

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 5-11, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_VAX6

If... CHILDREN2 = 1

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: If a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child/children aged 4 and under, I would get them vaccinated.

CHILD_VAX7

If... (CHILD_VAX = 4 and CHILD_VAX2 = 3,98) or (CHILD_VAX3 = 3 and CHILD_VAX5 = 3,98) or (CHILD_VAX6 = 3,98)

In a few words please explain why you are unsure or against getting a vaccine for some or all of your children.

CHILD_VAX8

If... CHILDREN = 1

How worried are you about your child(ren) contracting COVID-19?

SECTB

The following section asks about your trust in news and information sources.

PRETRUST_INFO

To what extent do you trust or distrust the following sources for information on COVID-19?

TRUST_INFOA

Television news

TRUST_INFOB

Radio, podcasts and other broadcasts

TRUST_INFOC

Newspapers and other journalism

TRUST_INFOD

Canadian Government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOE

Provincial/Territorial government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOF

International health authorities (e.g. World Health Organization)

TRUST_INFOG

Healthcare workers (e.g. doctors, nurses)

TRUST_INFOH

Scientific experts

TRUST_INFOI

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube)

TRUST_INFOJ

Celebrities

TRUST_INFOK

Online search engines or other websites (e.g. Google)

TRUST_INFOL

Friends and family

TRUST_INFOM

Work/school colleagues

SECTC

This section asks about your knowledge and opinions on the COVID-19 virus.

PREMIDI_ACCURACY

To the best of your knowledge, how accurate are the claims in each of the following news headlines?

MIDI_ACCURACYA

The fatality rate of COVID-19 has been deliberately and greatly exaggerated in the media

MIDI_ACCURACYB

New vaccine technologies for COVID-19 build immunity by altering your DNA

MIDI_ACCURACYC

The COVID-19 vaccine causes infertility

MIDI_ACCURACYD

To rush COVID-19 vaccines to the market, pharmaceutical companies took shortcuts that compromise the safety of the vaccines

MIDI_ACCURACYE

People should not be getting a COVID-19 vaccine because it is better to have natural immunity against the virus than artificial immunity

MIDI_ACCURACYF

The prolonged use of masks can cause CO2 intoxication and oxygen deficiency

MIDI_ACCURACYG

COVID-19 vaccines are resulting in new variants of the virus

MIDI_ACCURACYH

There is scientific consensus that masks can help prevent the spread of COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYI

COVID-19 spreads most commonly through airborne transmission - small respiratory droplets that linger in the air

MIDI_ACCURACYJ

Vitamin and mineral supplements cannot cure COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYK

Children can become seriously ill from COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYL

Scientists have been studying pandemic coronaviruses and vaccines to protect against them for over a decade

MIDI_ACCURACYM

Improving air ventilation (like opening windows or using HEPA filters) reduces the likelihood of spreading COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYN

Vaccinated people who get COVID-19 are less likely to end up in hospital than are unvaccinated people who get COVID-19

PREMIDI_SHARE

If you were to see the following news stories online (for example, through Facebook or Twitter), how likely would you be to share them?

MIDI_SHAREA

The fatality rate of COVID-19 has been deliberately and greatly exaggerated in the media

MIDI_SHAREB

New vaccine technologies for COVID-19 build immunity by altering your DNA

MIDI_SHAREC

The COVID-19 vaccine causes infertility

MIDI_SHARED

To rush COVID-19 vaccines to the market, pharmaceutical companies took shortcuts that compromise the safety of the vaccines

MIDI_SHAREE

People should not be getting a COVID-19 vaccine because it is better to have natural immunity against the virus than artificial immunity

MIDI_SHAREF

The prolonged use of masks can cause CO2 intoxication and oxygen deficiency

MIDI_SHAREG

COVID-19 vaccines are resulting in new variants of the virus

MIDI_SHAREH

There is scientific consensus that masks can help prevent the spread of COVID-19

MIDI_SHAREI

COVID-19 spreads most commonly through airborne transmission - small respiratory droplets that linger in the air

MIDI_SHAREJ

Vitamin and mineral supplements cannot cure COVID-19

MIDI_SHAREK

Children can become seriously ill from COVID-19

MIDI_SHAREL

Scientists have been studying pandemic coronaviruses and vaccines to protect against them for over a decade

MIDI_SHAREM

Improving air ventilation (like opening windows or using HEPA filters) reduces the likelihood of spreading COVID-19

MIDI_SHAREN

Vaccinated people who get COVID-19 are less likely to end up in hospital than are unvaccinated people who get COVID-19

SOCIAL_MEDIA [1,7]

Which of the following social media platforms do you use regularly (i.e. once every few days, or more).

Please click all that apply

QALGO_1

How do you believe decisions are made about what stories are shown to people on Facebook and other social media sites?

PREQAOTE

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements.

QAOTEA

It is important to be loyal to your beliefs even when evidence is brought to bear against them.

QAOTEB

Whether something feels true is more important than evidence.

QAOTEC

Just because evidence conflicts with my current beliefs does not mean my beliefs are wrong.

QAOTED

There may be evidence that goes against what you believe but that does not mean you have to change your beliefs.

QAOTEE

Even if there is concrete evidence against what you believe to be true, it is OK to maintain cherished beliefs.

QAOTEF

Regardless of the topic, what you believe to be true is more important than evidence against your beliefs.

SECTD

The following section asks about how the pandemic has affected your wellbeing and mental health.

LIFE_SATISFACTION

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole?

MENTAL_HEALTH

Since the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020, my overall mental health has:

PREMOOD

In the past two weeks, how often have you...

MOODA

Felt hopeful about the future

MOODB

Had trouble sleeping

MOODC

Felt anxious, nervous or on edge

MOODD

Felt lonely

MOODE

Felt depressed

MOODF

Felt burnt out

SECTE

The following section asks about your outlook about the pandemic and the future.

OUTLOOK

Thinking of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think...

OUTLOOK1

When do you expect that day-to-day life in Canada will resemble pre-pandemic times?

PREOUTLOOK2

At the moment, how much do you worry about:

OUTLOOK2A

The impact of COVID-19 on the economy

OUTLOOK2B

Inflation or cost-of-living increases

OUTLOOK2C

The possibility of being unemployed

OUTLOOK2D

The pandemic's impact on the mental health of Canadians

OUTLOOK2E

Not having enough money to pay for essential items

OUTLOOK2F

Supply chain disruptions

OUTLOOK2G

The emergence of another wave of COVID-19 cases

OUTLOOK2H

The emergence of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus

OUTLOOK2I

The pandemic's long-term effects on children's development

OUTLOOK2J

The health system being overloaded

PRETHREAT_SCALE

In your opinion, how much of a threat, if any, is the COVID-19 outbreak for...

THREAT_SCALEA

Your personal health

THREAT_SCALEB

The health of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEC

Your personal financial safety

THREAT_SCALED

The Canadian economy

THREAT_SCALEE

Day-to-day life in your local community

THREAT_SCALEF

The rights and freedoms of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEG

What it means to be Canadian

THREAT_SCALEH

Canadian values and traditions

THREAT_SCALEI

Canadian democracy

THREAT_SCALEJ

The maintenance of law and order in Canada

SECTG

The following section asks questions related to your proximity to and experiences with COVID-19.

INFECTION

Are you or have you been infected with COVID-19?

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey! We hope that you will participate in our next survey. Some of the questions in this study presented statements that are false. The current evidence suggests that:

The present study deals with topics that you might have found distressing. If you found participation distressing, we want to encourage you to consider free mental health services including the following: Crisis Services Canada and other resources:

https://www.canada.ca/covid-mental-health

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact iiu-uii@pco-bcp.gc.ca

THNK2

Screened-out

Unfortunately, based on your responses you are ineligible to participate in this survey. Thank you for your time!

Wave 3

Online Introduction

In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Canada is conducting a research study on the impact of COVID-19. Ekos has been hired to administer this survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français. The survey takes about 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential.

Your responses will be identified by a subject number and the researchers will not know your identity or your personal information. Review Ekos' privacy policy here.

The purpose of this study is to improve actions taken by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers will be used for research purposes and to help improve the COVID-19 outbreak response. Please complete the survey in one sitting.

Further information about this study:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca.

CONSENT

All willing respondents will be asked to complete updated versions of this survey five more times over the next year because your continued participation allows us to track opinions and behaviours about COVID-19 among the same cohort of individuals as they evolve over time. We greatly appreciate repeat participation.

I agree to participate in the study and understand that my answers will be used to advance knowledge about how Canadians are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, which may inform future actions taken by the government and help contribute to science.

I agree to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the information provided here.

I am aware that the data will be published in anonymous form to promote transparency in research.

DEMO

Thank you for deciding to participate in this study. First, please provide us with some information about yourself.

QAGE

In what year were you born?

QAGE1

If... QAGE = 9999

In which of the following age categories do you belong?

GENDER

What best describes your gender? Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on your legal documents.

SEX

What sex were you assigned at birth on your original birth certificate?

PROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

Select one only

EDUCATION

If... New respondent

What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Select one only

QLANGUAGE

If... New respondent

Which language do you speak most often at home?

HEALTH_WORKER

If... New respondent

Are you a health care provider (i.e., nurse, medical doctor, paramedic, first responder, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, mental health worker, dentist, etc.)?

SERVICE_INDUSTRY

If... New respondent

Do you work in the service industry (i.e., tourism, food and beverage, hospitality, etc.)?

ILLNESS

If... New respondent

Do you have a serious, long-term illness, like diabetes, emphysema, or high blood pressure?

DISABILITY

If... New respondent

Do you identify as a person with a disability? A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term or recurring impairment (such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related) which limits their daily activities inside or outside the home (such as at school, work, or in the community in general).

URBAN

If... New respondent

Which of the following best describes the place where you live now?

CHILDREN

Do you have children under 18 years of age?

CHILDREN1

If... CHILDREN = 1

How many children under 18 years of age do you have?

CHILDREN2 [1,3]

If... CHILDREN = 1

What are the ages of your children?

Select all that apply.

EMPLOYMENT

Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?

Please select one only.

CITIZENSHIP

If... New respondent

Where were you born?

IMMIGRATION

If... CITIZENSHIP = 2

In what year did you first move to Canada?

ETHNICITY [1,13]

If... New respondent

You may belong to one or more racial or cultural groups on the following list.

Select all that apply.

INCOME

If... New respondent

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income. That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes?

HOUSEHOLD

If... New respondent

How many people, including yourself, are supported by your total household income?

SEX_ORIENTATION

If... New respondent

What best describes your sexual orientation?

PREG

If... SEX = 2

Are you currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have you given birth within the last six months?

RELIGIOUS

If... New respondent

In your life, you would say religion is...

SECTA

The following section asks about certain public health measures as well as your experiences with COVID-19 vaccination.

INFECTION

Are you or have you been infected with COVID-19?

INFECTION2

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4

Were you infected with COVID-19 in the past four weeks?

PRETEST

In the past four weeks, have you...

TESTD

Been tested for COVID-19 using a PCR test

TESTE

Been tested for COVID-19 using a rapid test

TESTF

Tested someone else for COVID-19 using a rapid test (e.g., a child, a family member, etc.)

PRETEST1

If... TESTE = 1 or TESTF = 1

You've indicated that you have recently used a rapid test on yourself or someone else to detect COVID-19. Please state your level of agreement with the following statements:

TEST1A

If... TESTE = 1 or TESTF = 1

Rapid tests were easy to access

TEST1B

If... TESTE = 1 or TESTF = 1

Rapid tests were easy to use

TEST1C

If... TESTE = 1 or TESTF = 1

I'm confident that the results of the rapid test were accurate

RAPID_TEST1 [1,12]

In which of the following situations would you use an at-home, rapid COVID-19 test?

Select all that apply.

ROTRAPIDTEST

Calculates a random value between 1 and: 2

RAPIDTEST_NEGATIVE [1,7]

If... ROTRAPIDTEST = 1

If you took a rapid test while experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, and the results were negative, which of the following actions would you take?

Please select all that apply.

RAPIDTEST_POSITIVE [1,7]

If... ROTRAPIDTEST = 2

If you took a rapid test while experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, and the results were positive, which of the following actions would you take?

Please select all that apply.

RAPIDTEST1

How would you rate your ability to self-administer a COVID-19 rapid test at home?

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS

In the past month, how often have you used the following measures to avoid getting COVID-19 or to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

PREV_BEHAVIOURSA

Wore a face mask when it was mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSB

Wore a face mask when it was not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSC

Chose to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURSD

Took steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opened windows, used a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSE

Physical distancing (i.e. stayed at least 2 meters from others)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSF

Frequent hand washing or sanitizing

PREV_BEHAVIOURSG

Stayed home when you were sick

PREV_BEHAVIOURSH

Avoided public places and events

PREV_BEHAVIOURS1 [1,5]

If... PREV_BEHAVIOURSD = 3,4,5

Which of the following steps have you taken to improve ventilation in indoor spaces?

Please select all that apply.

MASK2

If... PREV_BEHAVIOURSA = 3,4,5 or PREV_BEHAVIOURSB = 3,4,5

Which of the following types of masks do you wear most often?

Choose one only

PREBEHAVIOURS

In the past two weeks, have you...

BEHAVIOURSA

Visited indoors with friends and family that are not part of your household

BEHAVIOURSB

Sat inside a bar or restaurant

BEHAVIOURSC

Travelled to another province or territory

BEHAVIOURSD

Travelled to another country

BEHAVIOURSE

Worked or gone to school in an indoor setting (e.g., office, store, classroom)

BEHAVIOURSF

Gone to the gym or an exercise class

BEHAVIOURSG

Attended an indoor sporting event and/or concert

RISK_EVAL

How would you rate your ability to assess your personal risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 when engaging in or planning activities?

RISK_EVAL1 [1,10]

If... RISK_EVAL = 1,2,3,4,5

Which of the following factors do you consider when assessing your personal risk of being infected with COVID-19?

Please select all that apply.

PREFATIGUE1

In the future, if the following public health measures had to be implemented or reintroduced to prevent a widespread outbreak, would you support them?

FATIGUE1A

Gathering limits

FATIGUE1B

Stay-at-home orders

FATIGUE1C

Closing of businesses

FATIGUE1D

Travel restrictions/border closures

FATIGUE1E

Avoiding indoor gatherings with people outside of your household

FATIGUE1F

School or daycare closures

FATIGUE1G

A requirement to wear a mask in indoor public settings

FATIGUE1H

Nightly curfews

FATIGUE1I

Requirements to provide proof of 2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

FATIGUE1J

Requirements to provide proof of 3 or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

VAX_STATUS

Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3

If a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine was available and recommended for you, how likely would you be to get it?

PREBOOSTER3

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

To what extent would each of the following hypothetical scenarios make you more or less likely to get a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER3A

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get the vaccine at a convenient location and time

BOOSTER3B

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received a financial reward upon receiving the vaccine

BOOSTER3C

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid time off work to get the vaccine

BOOSTER3D

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid sick time off work if you experienced side effects from the vaccine

BOOSTER3E

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

Proof of a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose was required to engage in certain activities, such as travelling abroad or flying on a plane

BOOSTER3F

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new formulation of vaccine that targets COVID-19 variants

BOOSTER3G

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new, more effective vaccine that better prevents infection

BOOSTER3H

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a COVID-19 booster dose at the same time as your annual flu shot

BOOSTER3I

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

A new, more severe variant of COVID-19 started spreading

BOOSTER3J

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

The definition of "fully vaccinated" was changed to requiring at least [VAX_STATUS = 2]three[VAX_STATUS = 3]four doses

PREVAX_REQ

The federal government currently requires proof of two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain travel within and outside of Canada (e.g., flights and certain travel by rail). Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:

VAX_REQA

Proof of vaccination should no longer be required for domestic and international travel

VAX_REQB

Proof of 2 doses should continue to be required for domestic and international travel

VAX_REQC

Proof of 3 doses should now be required for domestic and international travel

VAX_INTENT2

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

Will you get a COVID-19 vaccine?

ROTVACCINE

Calculates a random value between 1 and: 2

VACCINE_SAFE

If... ROTVACCINE = 1

Compared to one year ago, are you more confident or less confident that COVID-19 vaccines are safe?

VACCINE_EFFECTIVE

If... ROTVACCINE = 2

Compared to one year ago, are you more confident or less confident that COVID-19 vaccines are effective?

CHILD_VAX

If... CHILDREN2 = 3

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 12-17 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_BOOSTER

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 12-17, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX3

If... CHILDREN2 = 2

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 5-11 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX5

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 5-11, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_BOOSTER2

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 5-11, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine if it is recommended?

CHILD_VAX6

If... CHILDREN2 = 1

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: If a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child/children aged 4 and under, I would get them vaccinated.

PRECHILDVAX_SCENARIOS

If... CHILDREN = 1

To what extent would each of the following hypothetical scenarios make you more or less likely to get your child(ren) vaccinated?

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSA

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could be vaccinated at a convenient location and time

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSB

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could be vaccinated at their school or childcare centre

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSC

If... CHILDREN = 1

Proof of vaccination was required for them to engage in certain activities, such as travelling abroad or flying on a plane

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSD

If... CHILDREN = 1

Proof of vaccination was required for them to attend school or daycare

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSE

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could get a new formulation of vaccine that targets COVID-19 variants

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSF

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could get a new, more effective vaccine that better prevents infection

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSG

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could get a COVID-19 vaccine during the same visit as other routine vaccinations (e.g., flu vaccination or MMR vaccine)

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSH

If... CHILDREN = 1

A new, more severe variant of COVID-19 started spreading

CHILD_COVID

If... CHILDREN = 1

Have any of your children been infected with COVID-19?

CHILD_LONG

If... CHILD_COVID = 1,2,: 3

Has your child(ren) experienced long COVID symptoms? (i.e. symptoms lasting for weeks or months after a COVID-19 infection)

CHILD_VAX8

If... CHILDREN = 1

How worried are you about your child(ren) contracting COVID-19?

SECTB

The following section asks about your trust in news and information sources.

PRETRUST_INFO

To what extent do you trust or distrust the following sources for information on COVID-19?

TRUST_INFOA

Television news

TRUST_INFOB

Radio, podcasts and other broadcasts

TRUST_INFOC

Newspapers and other journalism

TRUST_INFOD

Canadian federal government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOE

Provincial/Territorial government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOF

International health authorities (e.g. World Health Organization)

TRUST_INFOG

Healthcare workers (e.g. doctors, nurses)

TRUST_INFOH

Scientific experts

TRUST_INFOI

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok)

TRUST_INFOJ

Celebrities

TRUST_INFOK

Online search engines (e.g. Google)

TRUST_INFOL

Friends and family

TRUST_INFOM

Work/school colleagues

NEWS

How closely, if at all, have you been following news on COVID-19 over the past month?

PRETRUST1

Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements about the Canadian federal government:

TRUST1A

They are competent enough to deal with COVID-19

TRUST1B

I feel that the way they make decisions about COVID-19 is fair

TRUST1C

They provide all relevant information about COVID-19 to the public

TRUST1D

They listen to what ordinary people think about COVID-19

PRECOHESION

Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:

COHESIOND

Having a diverse population, with different ethnicities, cultures, etc., is a very good thing for the country

COHESIONE

I respect our laws and ways of doing things

COHESIONF

I trust government/our political system to do what is right

VOTE

Do you generally vote in provincial and federal elections?

VOLUNTEER

How many times, if any, did you do volunteer work in your community in the past month?

SECTC

This section asks about your knowledge and opinions on the COVID-19 virus.

PREMIDI_ACCURACY3

To the best of your knowledge, how accurate are the claims in each of the following statements?

MIDI_ACCURACY3A

Improving air ventilation can reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACY3B

COVID-19 vaccines reduce risk of serious illness, hospitalization, and death

MIDI_ACCURACY3C

Both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals can become infected with COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACY3D

Both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals can transmit COVID-19 to others

MIDI_ACCURACY3E

COVID-19 mainly spreads via airborne transmission

MIDI_ACCURACY3F

People can be infected with COVID-19 more than once

MIDI_ACCURACY3G

People may be infectious before they start experiencing any COVID-19 symptoms

MIDI_ACCURACY3H

Evidence shows that COVID-19 vaccines are responsible for a spike in birth defects

MIDI_ACCURACY3I

COVID-19 test swabs have been shown to cause cancer

MIDI_ACCURACY3J

Long COVID is a fake condition

MIDI_ACCURACY3K

COVID-19 vaccines are behind unexplained cases of hepatitis in children

MIDI_ACCURACY3L

COVID-19 vaccines have led to thousands of miscarriages

MIDI_ACCURACY3M

Cloth masks are as protective as medical grade masks like N95s and KN95s against COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACY3N

There is little to no evidence that masks help reduce the spread of COVID-19

PRESOCIAL_MEDIA

In the past month, how often did you use each of the following platforms?

SOCIAL_MEDIAA

Facebook

SOCIAL_MEDIAB

Twitter

SOCIAL_MEDIAC

Instagram

SOCIAL_MEDIAD

TikTok

SOCIAL_MEDIAE

Reddit

SOCIAL_MEDIAF

YouTube

PRECONS_MENT

If... New respondent

For each of the statements below, please use the scale (0%-100%) to indicate how likely it is that the statement is true. Remember that there are no "objectively" right or wrong answers. We are interested in your personal opinion.

CONS_MENTA

If... New respondent

I think that many very important things happen in the world, which the public is never informed about.

CONS_MENTB

If... New respondent

I think that politicians usually do not tell us the true motives for their decisions.

CONS_MENTC

If... New respondent

I think that government agencies closely monitor all citizens.

CONS_MENTD

If... New respondent

I think that events which superficially seem to lack a connection are often the result of secret activities.

CONS_MENTE

If... New respondent

I think that there are secret organizations that greatly influence political decisions.

PREQAOTE

If... New respondent

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements.

QAOTEA

If... New respondent

It is important to be loyal to your beliefs even when evidence is brought to bear against them.

QAOTEB

If... New respondent

Whether something feels true is more important than evidence.

QAOTEC

If... New respondent

Just because evidence conflicts with my current beliefs does not mean my beliefs are wrong.

QAOTED

If... New respondent

There may be evidence that goes against what you believe but that does not mean you have to change your beliefs.

QAOTEE

If... New respondent

Even if there is concrete evidence against what you believe to be true, it is OK to maintain cherished beliefs.

QAOTEF

If... New respondent

Regardless of the topic, what you believe to be true is more important than evidence against your beliefs.

FAKE_NEWS

How concerned are you about the spread of misinformation and disinformation online (i.e. news information about important topics that is verifiably false)?

SECTD

The following section asks about how the pandemic has affected your wellbeing and mental health.

LIFE_SATISFACTION

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole?

MENTAL_HEALTH

Since the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020, has your overall mental health...?

PREMOOD

In the past two weeks, have you felt...

MOODC

Anxious or worried

MOODD

Lonely or isolated

MOODE

Sad or depressed

MOODF

Burnt out

MOODG

Stressed

MOODH

Angry

MOODI

Bored

MOODK

Excited

MOODL

Enthusiastic

MOODM

Hopeful

MOODN

Calm

MOODO

Inspired

MH_RESOURCES

Please state your level of agreement with the following statement: I am confident that I can access mental health services if needed.

SECTE

The following section asks about your outlook about the pandemic and the future.

OUTLOOK

Thinking of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think...

OUTLOOK1

When do you expect that day-to-day life in Canada will resemble pre-pandemic times?

PREOUTLOOK2

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following economic-related topics:

OUTLOOK2A

The impact of COVID-19 on the economy

OUTLOOK2B

Inflation or cost-of-living increases

PREOUTLOOK3

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following health-related topics:

OUTLOOK3A

The pandemic's impact on the mental health of Canadians

OUTLOOK3B

The emergence of another wave of COVID-19 cases

OUTLOOK3C

The emergence of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus

OUTLOOK3D

Lockdowns or other public health restrictions being reintroduced

OUTLOOK3E

The health system being overloaded

OUTLOOK3G

The effects of long COVID (i.e. people experiencing symptoms lasting for weeks or months after a COVID-19 infection)

OUTLOOK3H

Increasing divisiveness and/or conflict within society

OUTLOOK3I

The pandemic's long-term effects on children's development

OUTLOOK3J

Feeling judged for my personal decision to wear or not wear a mask in public settings

PRETHREAT_SCALE

If... New respondent

In your opinion, how much of a threat, if any, is COVID-19 for...

THREAT_SCALEA

If... New respondent

Your personal health

THREAT_SCALEB

If... New respondent

The health of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEC

If... New respondent

Your personal financial safety

THREAT_SCALED

If... New respondent

The Canadian economy

THREAT_SCALEE

If... New respondent

Day-to-day life in your local community

THREAT_SCALEF

If... New respondent

The rights and freedoms of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEG

If... New respondent

What it means to be Canadian

THREAT_SCALEH

If... New respondent

Canadian values and traditions

THREAT_SCALEI

If... New respondent

Canadian democracy

THREAT_SCALEJ

If... New respondent

The maintenance of law and order in Canada

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. We hope that you will participate in our next survey.

The present study deals with topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic that you might have found distressing. If you found participation distressing, we want to encourage you to consider free mental health services including the following: Crisis Services Canada and other resources:

https://www.canada.ca/covid-mental-health

DEBRIEF

Some of the questions in this study presented statements that are inaccurate. The following statements are inaccurate according to current evidence:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca

THNK2

Screened-out

Unfortunately, based on your responses you are ineligible to participate in this survey. Thank you for your time!

Wave 4

Online Introduction

In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Canada is conducting a research study on the impact of COVID-19. Ekos has been hired to administer this survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français. The survey takes about 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential.

Your responses will be identified by a subject number and the researchers will not know your identity or your personal information. Review Ekos' privacy policy here.

The purpose of this study is to improve actions taken by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers will be used for research purposes and to help improve the COVID-19 outbreak response. Please complete the survey in one sitting.

Further information about this study:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca.

CONSENT

All willing respondents will be asked to complete updated versions of this survey four more times over the next year because your continued participation allows us to track opinions and behaviours about COVID-19 among the same cohort of individuals as they evolve over time. We greatly appreciate repeat participation.

I agree to participate in the study and understand that my answers will be used to advance knowledge about how Canadians are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, which may inform future actions taken by the government and help contribute to science.

I agree to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the information provided here.

I am aware that the data will be published in anonymous form to promote transparency in research.

DEMO

Thank you for deciding to participate in this study. First, please provide us with some information about yourself.

QAGE

In what year were you born?

QAGE1

If... QAGE = 9999

In which of the following age categories do you belong?

GENDER

What best describes your gender? Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on your legal documents.

SEX

What sex were you assigned at birth on your original birth certificate?

PROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

Select one only

EDUCATION

If... New respondent

What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Select one only

QLANGUAGE

If... New respondent

Which language do you speak most often at home?

HEALTH_WORKER

If... New respondent

Are you a health care provider (i.e., nurse, medical doctor, paramedic, first responder, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, mental health worker, dentist, etc.)?

SERVICE_INDUSTRY

If... New respondent

Do you work in the service industry (i.e., tourism, food and beverage, hospitality, etc.)?

ILLNESS

If... New respondent

Do you have a serious, long-term illness, like diabetes, emphysema, or high blood pressure?

DISABILITY

If... New respondent

Do you identify as a person with a disability? A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term or recurring impairment (such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related) which limits their daily activities inside or outside the home (such as at school, work, or in the community in general).

URBAN

If... New respondent

Which of the following best describes the place where you live now?

CHILDREN

Do you have children under 18 years of age?

CHILDREN1

If... CHILDREN = 1

How many children under 18 years of age do you have?

CHILDREN2 [1,3]

If... CHILDREN = 1

What are the ages of your children?

Select all that apply.

EMPLOYMENT

Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?

Please select one only.

CITIZENSHIP

If... New respondent

Where were you born?

IMMIGRATION

If... CITIZENSHIP = 2

In what year did you first move to Canada?

ETHNICITY [1,13]

If... New respondent

You may belong to one or more racial or cultural groups on the following list.

Select all that apply.

INCOME

If... New respondent

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income. That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes?

HOUSEHOLD

If... New respondent

How many people, including yourself, are supported by your total household income?

SEX_ORIENTATION

If... New respondent

What best describes your sexual orientation?

PREG

If... SEX = 2

Are you currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have you given birth within the last six months?

RELIGIOUS

If... New respondent

In your life, you would say religion is...

SECTA

The following section asks about certain public health measures as well as your experiences with COVID-19 vaccination.

INFECTION

Are you or have you been infected with COVID-19?

INFECTION1

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4

How many times have you been infected with COVID-19?

PREINFECTION4

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and INFECTION1 = 1,2,3,4

You've indicated that you were infected with COVID-19 [INFECTION1 = 1]once[INFECTION1 = 2]twice[INFECTION1 = 3]three times[Else]four or more times. In which month(s) were you infected?

[INFECTION1 = 4]Please enter the date for the 3 most recent times you were infected.

INFECTION4A

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and INFECTION1 = 1,2,3,4

First infection

INFECTION4B

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and INFECTION1 = 2,3,4

Second infection

INFECTION4C

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and INFECTION1 = 3,4

Third infection

INFECTION3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statement: [INFECTION = 3,5]I will likely get infected with COVID-19[Else]I will likely get reinfected with COVID-19 in the future.

LONG_COVID

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4

Have you experienced any long COVID symptoms (i.e. physical or psychological symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks after getting COVID-19)?

PRETEST

In the past four weeks, have you...

TESTD

Been tested for COVID-19 using a PCR test

TESTE

Been tested for COVID-19 using a rapid test

TESTF

Tested someone else for COVID-19 using a rapid test (e.g., a child, a family member, etc.)

PRERAPID_TEST3

Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements:

RAPID_TEST3A

I would use rapid tests if I had to pay for them

RAPID_TEST3B

Governments should provide free rapid COVID-19 tests for Canadians

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS

In the past month, how often have you used the following measures to avoid getting COVID-19 or to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

PREV_BEHAVIOURSA

Wore a face mask when it was mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSB

Wore a face mask when it was not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSC

Chose to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURSD

Took steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opened windows, used a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSH

Avoided public places and events

MASK2

If... PREV_BEHAVIOURSA = 3,4,5 or PREV_BEHAVIOURSB = 3,4,5

Which of the following types of masks do you wear most often?

Choose one only

PREBEHAVIOURS

In the past two weeks, have you...

BEHAVIOURSA

Visited indoors with friends and family that are not part of your household

BEHAVIOURSB

Sat inside a bar or restaurant

BEHAVIOURSC

Travelled to another province or territory

BEHAVIOURSD

Travelled to another country

BEHAVIOURSE

Worked or gone to school in an indoor setting (e.g., office, store, classroom)

BEHAVIOURSF

Gone to the gym or an exercise class

BEHAVIOURSG

Attended an indoor sporting event and/or concert

RISK_EVAL1 [1,10]

Which of the following factors do you consider when assessing your personal risk of being infected with COVID-19?

Please select all that apply.

PREREINTRO_MEASURES

To what extent do you think it would be necessary or unnecessary to reintroduce public health measures in each of the following scenarios?

REINTRO_MEASURESA

Increasing COVID-19 cases

REINTRO_MEASURESB

Increasing deaths caused by COVID-19 infections

REINTRO_MEASURESC

Increasing sickness among children and youth from COVID-19

REINTRO_MEASURESE

The emergence of a new deadlier variant of COVID-19

REINTRO_MEASURESF

The emergence of a new more contagious variant of COVID-19

REINTRO_MEASURESG

Canadian hospitals become increasingly strained because of COVID-19

REINTRO_MEASURESH

More evidence emerges about negative long-term effects from COVID-19 infections

REINTRO_MEASURESK

Public health officials recommend a reintroduction of public health measures

REINTRO_MEASURESJ

Businesses closing due to staffing shortages caused by COVID-19 infections

PREFATIGUE1

In the future, if the following public health measures had to be implemented or reintroduced to prevent a widespread outbreak, would you support them?

FATIGUE1A

Gathering limits

FATIGUE1B

Stay-at-home orders

FATIGUE1C

Closing of businesses

FATIGUE1D

Travel restrictions/border closures

FATIGUE1E

Avoiding indoor gatherings with people outside of your household

FATIGUE1F

School or daycare closures

FATIGUE1G

A requirement to wear a mask in indoor public settings

FATIGUE1I

Requirements to provide proof of 2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

FATIGUE1J

Requirements to provide proof of 3 or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

VAX_STATUS

Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3

If a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine was available and recommended for you, how likely would you be to get it?

BOOSTER4 [1,15]

If... VAX_STATUS = 2

Please explain why you have not received a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine so far.

Please select all that apply to you from the list below.

PREBOOSTER3

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

To what extent would each of the following hypothetical scenarios make you more or less likely to get a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER3A

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get the vaccine at a convenient location and time

BOOSTER3B

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received a financial reward upon receiving the vaccine

BOOSTER3C

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid time off work to get the vaccine

BOOSTER3D

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid sick time off work if you experienced side effects from the vaccine

BOOSTER3E

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

Proof of a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose was required to engage in certain activities, such as travelling abroad or flying on a plane

BOOSTER3F

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new formulation of vaccine that targets COVID-19 variants

BOOSTER3G

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new, more effective vaccine that better prevents infection

BOOSTER3H

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a COVID-19 booster dose at the same time as your annual flu shot

BOOSTER3I

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

A new, more severe variant of COVID-19 started spreading

BOOSTER3J

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

The definition of "fully vaccinated" was changed to requiring at least [VAX_STATUS = 2]three[VAX_STATUS = 3]four doses

VAX_INTENT2

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

Will you get a COVID-19 vaccine?

NEW_VAX

How familiar are you with bivalent COVID-19 vaccines?

NEW_VAX1

If a new vaccine that better protects people against different variants of COVID-19 becomes available and is recommended for you, how likely is it that you would get it?

NEW_VAX2

Imagine a new vaccine that better protects people against different variants of COVID-19 becomes available in Canada but is prioritized for vulnerable people at first (e.g., the elderly) due to short supply. How likely would you be to get an original version of a COVID-19 vaccine, if you were not eligible for the new vaccine?

FLU_VAX

How likely are you to get a flu shot during the 2022-2023 flu season?

CHILD_VAX

If... CHILDREN2 = 3

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 12-17 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_BOOSTER

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 12-17, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX3

If... CHILDREN2 = 2

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 5-11 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX5

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 5-11, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_BOOSTER2

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 5-11, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine if it is recommended?

CHILD_VAX6

If... CHILDREN2 = 1

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 6 months to 4 years, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_VAX7B [1,14]

If... CHILD_VAX5 = 3,98 or CHILD_VAX6 = 3,98

From the following options, which reasons best describe why you feel hesitant about your child/children under the age of 12 getting a COVID-19 vaccine?

Please select all that apply.

CHILD_COVID

If... CHILDREN = 1

Have any of your children been infected with COVID-19?

CHILD_VAX8

If... CHILDREN = 1

How worried are you about your child(ren) contracting COVID-19?

SECTB

The following section asks about your trust in news and information sources.

PRETRUST_INFO

To what extent do you trust or distrust the following sources for information on COVID-19?

TRUST_INFOA

Television news

TRUST_INFOB

Radio, podcasts and other broadcasts

TRUST_INFOC

Newspapers and other journalism (including news websites)

TRUST_INFOD

Canadian federal government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOE

Provincial/Territorial government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOF

International health authorities (e.g. World Health Organization)

TRUST_INFOG

Healthcare workers (e.g. doctors, nurses)

TRUST_INFOH

Scientists

TRUST_INFOI

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok)

TRUST_INFOJ

Celebrities

TRUST_INFOK

Online search engines (e.g. Google)

TRUST_INFOL

Friends and family

TRUST_INFOM

Work/school colleagues

NEWS

How closely, if at all, have you been following news on COVID-19 over the past month?

GOVT_TRUST

Please indicate whether, in general, you trust or distrust the Canadian federal government.

PRETRUST1

Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements about the Canadian federal government:

TRUST1A

The federal government is competent enough to deal with COVID-19

TRUST1B

I feel that the way the federal government makes decisions about COVID-19 is fair

TRUST1C

The federal government provides all relevant information about COVID-19 to the public

TRUST1D

The federal government listens to what ordinary people think about COVID-19

TRUST1E

The federal government cares about ordinary Canadians

TRUST1F

The federal government is too influenced by industry regarding COVID-19

TRUST1G

The federal government spends money efficiently on COVID-19 initiatives

SECTC

This section asks about your knowledge and opinions on the COVID-19 virus.

PREMIDI_ACCURACY4

To the best of your knowledge, how accurate or inaccurate are the claims in each of the following statements?

MIDI_ACCURACY4A

A small number of Canadians have had allergic reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine.

MIDI_ACCURACY4B

COVID-19 infections are more likely to cause severe illness in people with pre-existing health conditions.

MIDI_ACCURACY4C

Current evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccination does not affect male fertility.

MIDI_ACCURACY4D

Paxlovid is an antiviral medication that can reduce the risk of hospitalization in adults infected with COVID-19.

MIDI_ACCURACY4E

Some people who become infected with COVID-19 may experience persistent, long-term symptoms (known as post-covid condition or long covid).

MIDI_ACCURACY4F

Some scientists think that climate change will make pandemics like COVID-19 more frequent.

MIDI_ACCURACY4G

COVID-19 vaccines provide protection against severe illness and hospitalizations for variants, such as Omicron.

MIDI_ACCURACY4H

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers can create antibiotic resistance and should be used sparingly.

MIDI_ACCURACY4I

New evidence shows that monkeypox is a side effect of the COVID-19 vaccines.

MIDI_ACCURACY4J

COVID-19 vaccines have been linked to thousands of heart attacks in children.

MIDI_ACCURACY4K

The COVID-19 pandemic was started as a deliberate attempt by activists to stop climate change by forcing lockdowns.

MIDI_ACCURACY4L

Big Pharma created COVID-19 in order to profit from vaccines.

MIDI_ACCURACY4M

Family doctors are advising people to delay routine vaccinations until the pandemic is over.

MIDI_ACCURACY4N

A vegan or plant-based diet can prevent a person from getting infected with COVID-19.

PRESOCIAL_MEDIA

In the past month, how often did you use each of the following platforms?

SOCIAL_MEDIAA

Facebook

SOCIAL_MEDIAB

Twitter

SOCIAL_MEDIAC

Instagram

SOCIAL_MEDIAD

TikTok

SOCIAL_MEDIAE

Reddit

SOCIAL_MEDIAF

YouTube

PRECONS_MENT

If... New respondent

For each of the statements below, please use the scale (0%-100%) to indicate how likely it is that the statement is true. Remember that there are no "objectively" right or wrong answers. We are interested in your personal opinion.

CONS_MENTA

If... New respondent

I think that many very important things happen in the world, which the public is never informed about.

CONS_MENTB

If... New respondent

I think that politicians usually do not tell us the true motives for their decisions.

CONS_MENTC

If... New respondent

I think that government agencies closely monitor all citizens.

CONS_MENTD

If... New respondent

I think that events which superficially seem to lack a connection are often the result of secret activities.

CONS_MENTE

If... New respondent

I think that there are secret organizations that greatly influence political decisions.

PREQAOTE

If... New respondent

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements.

QAOTEA

If... New respondent

It is important to be loyal to your beliefs even when evidence is brought to bear against them.

QAOTEB

If... New respondent

Whether something feels true is more important than evidence.

QAOTEC

If... New respondent

Just because evidence conflicts with my current beliefs does not mean my beliefs are wrong.

QAOTED

If... New respondent

There may be evidence that goes against what you believe but that does not mean you have to change your beliefs.

QAOTEE

If... New respondent

Even if there is concrete evidence against what you believe to be true, it is OK to maintain cherished beliefs.

QAOTEF

If... New respondent

Regardless of the topic, what you believe to be true is more important than evidence against your beliefs.

FAKE_NEWS

How concerned are you about the spread of misinformation and disinformation online (i.e. news information about important topics that is verifiably false)?

SECTD

The following section asks about how the pandemic has affected your wellbeing and mental health.

LIFE_SATISFACTION

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole?

MENTAL_HEALTH1

In general, would you say your mental health is:

PHYSICAL_HEALTH

In general, would you say your physical health is:

PREMOOD1

In the past two weeks, how often have you felt...

MOOD1A

Anxious or on edge

MOOD1B

Stressed

MOOD1C

Lonely

MOOD1D

Depressed

MOOD1E

Burnt out

SECTE

The following section asks about your outlook about the pandemic and the future.

WORRIES

Please give your opinion on the following statement: Compared to most people my age, my risk of getting COVID-19 is...

OUTLOOK

Thinking of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think...

OUTLOOK1

When do you expect that day-to-day life in Canada will resemble pre-pandemic times?

PREOUTLOOK2

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following topics:

OUTLOOK2A

The impact of COVID-19 on the economy

OUTLOOK2B

Inflation or cost-of-living increases

OUTLOOK2L

The possibility of a recession

OUTLOOK2M

The possibility that you won't be financially better off than your parents

OUTLOOK2N

Climate change

OUTLOOK2O

Increasing divisiveness and/or conflict within society

PREOUTLOOK3

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following health-related topics:

OUTLOOK3A

The pandemic's impact on the mental health of Canadians

OUTLOOK3B

The emergence of another wave of COVID-19 cases

OUTLOOK3C

The emergence of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus

OUTLOOK3D

Lockdowns or other public health restrictions being reintroduced

OUTLOOK3E

The health system being overloaded

OUTLOOK3G

The effects of long COVID (i.e. people experiencing symptoms lasting for weeks or months after a COVID-19 infection)

OUTLOOK3I

The pandemic's long-term effects on children's development

OUTLOOK3J

Feeling judged for my personal decision to wear or not wear a mask in public settings

OUTLOOK3K

Becoming infected or re-infected with COVID-19

OUTLOOK3L

A monkeypox outbreak

OUTLOOK7

Do you think that there will be another wave of COVID-19 cases in the Fall/Winter (September 2022-February 2023)?

OUTLOOK6

If... OUTLOOK7 = 1,98

Do you think that the next wave will be more severe or less severe than previous waves of COVID-19?

PRETHREAT_SCALE

If... New respondent

In your opinion, how much of a threat, if any, is COVID-19 for...

THREAT_SCALEA

If... New respondent

Your personal health

THREAT_SCALEB

If... New respondent

The health of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEC

If... New respondent

Your personal financial safety

THREAT_SCALED

If... New respondent

The Canadian economy

THREAT_SCALEE

If... New respondent

Day-to-day life in your local community

THREAT_SCALEF

If... New respondent

The rights and freedoms of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEG

If... New respondent

What it means to be Canadian

THREAT_SCALEH

If... New respondent

Canadian values and traditions

THREAT_SCALEI

If... New respondent

Canadian democracy

THREAT_SCALEJ

If... New respondent

The maintenance of law and order in Canada

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. We hope that you will participate in our next survey.

The present study deals with topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic that you might have found distressing. If you found participation distressing, we want to encourage you to consider free mental health services including the following: Crisis Services Canada and other resources:

https://www.canada.ca/covid-mental-health

DEBRIEF

Some of the questions in this study presented statements that are inaccurate. The following statements are inaccurate according to current evidence:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca

THNK2

Screened-out

Unfortunately, based on your responses you are ineligible to participate in this survey. Thank you for your time!

Wave 5

Online Introduction

In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Canada is conducting a research study on the impact of COVID-19. Ekos has been hired to administer this survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français. The survey takes about 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential.

Your responses will be identified by a subject number and the researchers will not know your identity or your personal information. Review Ekos' privacy policy here.

The purpose of this study is to improve actions taken by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers will be used for research purposes and to help improve the COVID-19 outbreak response. Please complete the survey in one sitting.

Further information about this study:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca.

CONSENT

All willing respondents will be asked to complete updated versions of this survey three more times over the next six months because your continued participation allows us to track opinions and behaviours about COVID-19 among the same cohort of individuals as they evolve over time. We greatly appreciate repeat participation.

I agree to participate in the study and understand that my answers will be used to advance knowledge about how Canadians are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, which may inform future actions taken by the government and help contribute to science.

I agree to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the information provided here.

I am aware that the data will be published in anonymous form to promote transparency in research.

DEMO

Thank you for deciding to participate in this study. First, please provide us with some information about yourself.

QAGE

In what year were you born?

QAGE1

If... QAGE = 9999

In which of the following age categories do you belong?

GENDER

What best describes your gender? Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on your legal documents.

PROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

Select one only

EDUCATION

If... New respondent

What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Select one only

QLANGUAGE

If... New respondent

Which language do you speak most often at home?

HEALTH_WORKER

If... New respondent

Are you a health care provider (i.e., nurse, medical doctor, paramedic, first responder, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, mental health worker, dentist, etc.)?

SERVICE_INDUSTRY

If... New respondent

Do you work in the service industry (i.e., tourism, food and beverage, hospitality, etc.)?

ILLNESS

If... New respondent

Do you have a serious, long-term illness, like diabetes, emphysema, or high blood pressure?

DISABILITY

If... New respondent

Do you identify as a person with a disability? A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term or recurring impairment (such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related) which limits their daily activities inside or outside the home (such as at school, work, or in the community in general).

URBAN

If... New respondent

Which of the following best describes the place where you live now?

CHILDREN

Do you have children under 18 years of age?

CHILDREN1

If... CHILDREN = 1

How many children under 18 years of age do you have?

CHILDREN2 [1,3]

If... CHILDREN = 1

What are the ages of your children?

Select all that apply.

EMPLOYMENT

Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?

Please select one only.

CITIZENSHIP

If... New respondent

Where were you born?

IMMIGRATION

If... CITIZENSHIP = 2

In what year did you first move to Canada?

ETHNICITY [1,13]

If... New respondent

You may belong to one or more racial or cultural groups on the following list.

Select all that apply.

INCOME

If... New respondent

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income. That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes?

HOUSEHOLD

If... New respondent

How many people, including yourself, are supported by your total household income?

SEX_ORIENTATION

If... New respondent

What best describes your sexual orientation?

PREG

If... GENDER = 2

Are you currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have you given birth within the last six months?

RELIGIOUS

If... New respondent

In your life, you would say religion is...

SECTA

The following section asks about certain public health measures as well as your experiences with COVID-19 vaccination.

INFECTION

Are you or have you been infected with COVID-19?

DIED

Do you know anyone personally who has died of COVID-19?

PRETEST

In the past four weeks, have you...

TESTD

Been tested for COVID-19 using a PCR test

TESTE

Been tested for COVID-19 using a rapid test

TESTF

Tested someone else for COVID-19 using a rapid test (e.g., a child, a family member, etc.)

RAPID_TEST4 [1,8]

If... TESTE = 1

You've indicated that you took a rapid test in the past four weeks. Why did you take one or more tests?

Select all that apply.

RAPID_TEST5 [1,8]

If... TESTE = 1

You've indicated that you took a rapid test in the past four weeks. How did you access or obtain your rapid test(s)?

Select all that apply.

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS

In the past month, how often have you used the following measures to avoid getting COVID-19 or to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

PREV_BEHAVIOURSA

Wore a face mask when it was mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSB

Wore a face mask when it was not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSC

Chose to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURSD

Took steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opened windows, used a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSH

Avoided public places and events

SICK

In the past month, did you have any symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g. fever, cough, sore throat or runny nose)?

PRESICK2

If... SICK = 1,3

In the past month, how often did you practice the following health measures while experiencing symptoms of COVID-19?

SICK2A

If... SICK = 1,3

Stayed home from work or school

SICK2B

If... SICK = 1,3

Wore a mask indoors when sharing a space with others (including members of your household)

SICK2C

If... SICK = 1,3

Self-isolated (i.e., avoided leaving your home)

SICK2D

If... SICK = 1,3

Isolated from members of your household

SICK2E

If... SICK = 1,3

Sought advice or treatment from a medical professional

MASK2

If... PREV_BEHAVIOURSA = 3,4,5 or PREV_BEHAVIOURSB = 3,4,5

Which of the following types of masks do you wear most often?

Choose one only

PREBEHAVIOURS

In the past two weeks, have you...

BEHAVIOURSA

Visited indoors with friends and family that are not part of your household

BEHAVIOURSB

Sat inside a bar or restaurant

BEHAVIOURSC

Travelled to another province or territory

BEHAVIOURSD

Travelled to another country

BEHAVIOURSE

Worked or gone to school in an indoor setting (e.g., office, store, classroom)

BEHAVIOURSF

Gone to the gym, an exercise class, or indoor sports activity

BEHAVIOURSG

Attended an indoor sporting event and/or concert

PREFATIGUE1

In the future, if the following public health measures had to be implemented or reintroduced to prevent a widespread outbreak, would you support them?

FATIGUE1A

Gathering limits

FATIGUE1B

Stay-at-home orders

FATIGUE1C

Closing of businesses

FATIGUE1D

Travel restrictions/border closures

FATIGUE1F

School or daycare closures

FATIGUE1G

A requirement to wear a mask in indoor public settings

FATIGUE1I

Requirements to provide proof of 2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

FATIGUE1J

Requirements to provide proof of 3 or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

MASK4

In the future, how often will you wear a mask in public for reasons other than COVID-19 (e.g. during cold and flu season)?

VAX_STATUS

Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

If a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine was available and recommended for you, how likely would you be to get it?

PREBOOSTER3

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

To what extent would each of the following hypothetical scenarios make you more or less likely to get a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER3A

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get the vaccine at a convenient location and time

BOOSTER3B

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received a financial reward upon receiving the vaccine

BOOSTER3C

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid time off work to get the vaccine

BOOSTER3D

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid sick time off work if you experienced side effects from the vaccine

BOOSTER3E

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

Proof of a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose was required to engage in certain activities, such as travelling abroad or flying on a plane

BOOSTER3F

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new formulation of vaccine that targets COVID-19 variants

BOOSTER3G

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new, more effective vaccine that better prevents infection

BOOSTER3H

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a COVID-19 booster dose at the same time as your annual flu shot

BOOSTER3I

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

A new, more severe variant of COVID-19 started spreading

BOOSTER3J

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

The definition of "fully vaccinated" was changed to requiring at least [VAX_STATUS = 2]three[VAX_STATUS = 3]four doses

CURRENT_VAX

If... VAX_STATUS not = 5

Do you consider yourself to be up-to-date on your COVID-19 vaccines?

VAX_ACCESS

How easy or difficult is it for you to access COVID-19 vaccines in your area?

VAX_DATE

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6

In which month did you receive your most recent dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

FLU_VAX

How likely are you to get a flu shot during the 2022-2023 flu season?

ROTVAX_FUTURE

Calculates a random value between 1 and: 2

VAX_FUTURE1

If... ROTVAX_FUTURE = 1

Thinking about the next few years, how realistic is it to expect that most Canadians will choose to get a COVID-19 booster dose every six months?

VAX_FUTURE2

If... ROTVAX_FUTURE = 2

Thinking about the next few years, how realistic is it to expect that most Canadians will choose to get a COVID-19 booster dose once a year?

CHILD_VAX

If... CHILDREN2 = 3

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 12-17 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_BOOSTER

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 12-17, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX3

If... CHILDREN2 = 2

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 5-11 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX5

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 5-11, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_BOOSTER2

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 5-11, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX9

If... CHILDREN2 = 1

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 4 or under received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX6

If... CHILDREN2 = 1 and CHILD_VAX9 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for child(ren) aged 6 months to 4 years, I will get my children vaccinated.

CHILD_COVID

If... CHILDREN = 1

Have any of your children been infected with COVID-19?

CHILD_VAX8

If... CHILDREN = 1

How worried are you about your child(ren) contracting COVID-19?

SECTB

The following section asks about your trust in news and information sources.

PRETRUST_INFO

To what extent do you trust or distrust the following sources for information on COVID-19?

TRUST_INFOA

Television news

TRUST_INFOB

Radio, podcasts and other broadcasts

TRUST_INFOC

Newspapers and other journalism (including news websites)

TRUST_INFOD

Canadian federal government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOE

Provincial/Territorial government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOF

International health authorities (e.g. World Health Organization)

TRUST_INFOG

Healthcare workers (e.g. doctors, nurses)

TRUST_INFOH

Scientists

TRUST_INFOI

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok)

TRUST_INFOJ

Celebrities

TRUST_INFOK

Online search engines (e.g. Google)

TRUST_INFOL

Friends and family

TRUST_INFOM

Work/school colleagues

NEWS

How closely, if at all, have you been following news on COVID-19 over the past month?

GOVT_TRUST

Please indicate whether, in general, you trust or distrust the Canadian federal government.

PRETRUST1

Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements about the Canadian federal government:

TRUST1A

The federal government is competent enough to deal with COVID-19

TRUST1D

The federal government listens to what ordinary people think about COVID-19

TRUST1F

The federal government is too influenced by industry regarding COVID-19

TRUST1G

The federal government spends money efficiently on COVID-19 initiatives

SECTC

This section asks about your knowledge and opinions on the COVID-19 virus.

PREMIDI_ACCURACY5N

If... New respondent

To the best of your knowledge, how accurate or inaccurate are the claims in each of the following statements?

MIDI_ACCURACY5NA

If... New respondent

Regular use of ivermectin reduces the risk of death from COVID-19 by 92%.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NB

If... New respondent

Vaccines destroy any protection a person would have had from natural immunity.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NC

If... New respondent

COVID-19 vaccinations are causing thousands of healthy young people to die from Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome, or SADS

MIDI_ACCURACY5ND

If... New respondent

Many European countries are banning new COVID-19 booster vaccines for younger adults and children because they are unsafe.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NE

If... New respondent

Mask requirements are being removed in schools because they have caused oxygen deficiency in children.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NF

If... New respondent

No children in Canada under 10 have died from having COVID-19.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NG

If... New respondent

Studies have repeatedly found that COVID-19 vaccination does not increase the risk of miscarriage.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NH

If... New respondent

New vaccines approved in the United States target the omicron variant (BA.4 and BA.5 lineages) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NI

If... New respondent

The first case of polio in the United States in a decade was found in New York this summer.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NJ

If... New respondent

Officially reported COVID-19 infections are currently much lower than actual COVID-19 infections in Canada.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NK

If... New respondent

There have been about 45,000 total COVID-19 deaths in Canada.

MIDI_ACCURACY5NL

If... New respondent

The new vaccines approved by Health Canada target the omicron variant (BA.1 lineage) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

PRESOCIAL_MEDIA

If... New respondent

In the past month, how often did you use each of the following platforms?

SOCIAL_MEDIAA

If... New respondent

Facebook

SOCIAL_MEDIAB

If... New respondent

Twitter

SOCIAL_MEDIAC

If... New respondent

Instagram

SOCIAL_MEDIAD

If... New respondent

TikTok

SOCIAL_MEDIAE

If... New respondent

Reddit

SOCIAL_MEDIAF

If... New respondent

YouTube

PRECONS_MENT

If... New respondent

For each of the statements below, please use the scale (0%-100%) to indicate how likely it is that the statement is true. Remember that there are no "objectively" right or wrong answers. We are interested in your personal opinion.

CONS_MENTA

If... New respondent

I think that many very important things happen in the world, which the public is never informed about.

CONS_MENTB

If... New respondent

I think that politicians usually do not tell us the true motives for their decisions.

CONS_MENTC

If... New respondent

I think that government agencies closely monitor all citizens.

CONS_MENTD

If... New respondent

I think that events which superficially seem to lack a connection are often the result of secret activities.

CONS_MENTE

If... New respondent

I think that there are secret organizations that greatly influence political decisions.

PREQAOTE

If... New respondent

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements.

QAOTEA

If... New respondent

It is important to be loyal to your beliefs even when evidence is brought to bear against them.

QAOTEB

If... New respondent

Whether something feels true is more important than evidence.

QAOTEC

If... New respondent

Just because evidence conflicts with my current beliefs does not mean my beliefs are wrong.

QAOTED

If... New respondent

There may be evidence that goes against what you believe but that does not mean you have to change your beliefs.

QAOTEE

If... New respondent

Even if there is concrete evidence against what you believe to be true, it is OK to maintain cherished beliefs.

QAOTEF

If... New respondent

Regardless of the topic, what you believe to be true is more important than evidence against your beliefs.

ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5

Calculates a random value between 1 and: 2

PREMIDI_ACCURACY5A

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

To the best of YOUR knowledge, how accurate or inaccurate are the claims in each of the following statements?

MIDI_ACCURACY5AA

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Regular use of ivermectin reduces the risk of death from COVID-19 by 92%.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AB

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Vaccines destroy any protection a person would have had from natural immunity.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AC

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

COVID-19 vaccinations are causing thousands of healthy young people to die from Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome, or SADS

MIDI_ACCURACY5AD

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Many European countries are banning new COVID-19 booster vaccines for younger adults and children because they are unsafe.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AE

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Mask requirements are being removed in schools because they have caused oxygen deficiency in children.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AF

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

No children in Canada under 10 have died from having COVID-19.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AG

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Studies have repeatedly found that COVID-19 vaccination does not increase the risk of miscarriage.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AH

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

New vaccines approved in the United States target the omicron variant (BA.4 and BA.5 lineages) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AI

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

The first case of polio in the United States in a decade was found in New York this summer.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AJ

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Officially reported COVID-19 infections are currently much lower than actual COVID-19 infections in Canada.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AK

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

There have been about 45,000 total COVID-19 deaths in Canada.

MIDI_ACCURACY5AL

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

The new vaccines approved by Health Canada target the omicron variant (BA.1 lineage) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

PREMIDI_CONSENSUSA

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

We will now show you the same statements from the previous section again. This time, we would like you to answer a different question:

Approximately what percentage of Canadian adults do you think would believe the following statements (i.e., rate the statements as at least somewhat accurate)?

Note: we are not asking about how accurate YOU think the following claims are. Instead, we are asking you to estimate how many other Canadian adults would rate these claims as accurate.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAA

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Regular use of ivermectin reduces the risk of death from COVID-19 by 92%.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAB

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Vaccines destroy any protection a person would have had from natural immunity.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAC

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

COVID-19 vaccinations are causing thousands of healthy young people to die from Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome, or SADS

MIDI_CONSENSUSAD

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Many European countries are banning new COVID-19 booster vaccines for younger adults and children because they are unsafe.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAE

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Mask requirements are being removed in schools because they have caused oxygen deficiency in children.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAF

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

No children in Canada under 10 have died from having COVID-19.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAG

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Studies have repeatedly found that COVID-19 vaccination does not increase the risk of miscarriage.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAH

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

New vaccines approved in the United States target the omicron variant (BA.4 and BA.5 lineages) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAI

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

The first case of polio in the United States in a decade was found in New York this summer.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAJ

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

Officially reported COVID-19 infections are currently much lower than actual COVID-19 infections in Canada.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAK

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

There have been about 45,000 total COVID-19 deaths in Canada.

MIDI_CONSENSUSAL

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 1

The new vaccines approved by Health Canada target the omicron variant (BA.1 lineage) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

PREMIDI_CONSENSUSB

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Approximately what percentage of Canadian adults do you think would believe the following statements (i.e., rate the statements as at least somewhat accurate)?

Note: we are not asking about how accurate YOU think the following claims are. Instead, we are asking you to estimate how many other Canadian adults would rate these claims as accurate.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBA

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Regular use of ivermectin reduces the risk of death from COVID-19 by 92%.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBB

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Vaccines destroy any protection a person would have had from natural immunity.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBC

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

COVID-19 vaccinations are causing thousands of healthy young people to die from Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome, or SADS

MIDI_CONSENSUSBD

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Many European countries are banning new COVID-19 booster vaccines for younger adults and children because they are unsafe.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBE

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Mask requirements are being removed in schools because they have caused oxygen deficiency in children.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBF

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

No children in Canada under 10 have died from having COVID-19.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBG

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Studies have repeatedly found that COVID-19 vaccination does not increase the risk of miscarriage.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBH

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

New vaccines approved in the United States target the omicron variant (BA.4 and BA.5 lineages) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBI

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

The first case of polio in the United States in a decade was found in New York this summer.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBJ

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Officially reported COVID-19 infections are currently much lower than actual COVID-19 infections in Canada.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBK

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

There have been about 45,000 total COVID-19 deaths in Canada.

MIDI_CONSENSUSBL

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

The new vaccines approved by Health Canada target the omicron variant (BA.1 lineage) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

PREMIDI_ACCURACY5B

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

We will now show you the same statements from the previous section again. This time, we would like you to answer a different question:

To the best of YOUR knowledge, how accurate or inaccurate are the claims in each of the following statements?

MIDI_ACCURACY5BA

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Regular use of ivermectin reduces the risk of death from COVID-19 by 92%.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BB

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Vaccines destroy any protection a person would have had from natural immunity.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BC

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

COVID-19 vaccinations are causing thousands of healthy young people to die from Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome, or SADS

MIDI_ACCURACY5BD

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Many European countries are banning new COVID-19 booster vaccines for younger adults and children because they are unsafe.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BE

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Mask requirements are being removed in schools because they have caused oxygen deficiency in children.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BF

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

No children in Canada under 10 have died from having COVID-19.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BG

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Studies have repeatedly found that COVID-19 vaccination does not increase the risk of miscarriage.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BH

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

New vaccines approved in the United States target the omicron variant (BA.4 and BA.5 lineages) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BI

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

The first case of polio in the United States in a decade was found in New York this summer.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BJ

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

Officially reported COVID-19 infections are currently much lower than actual COVID-19 infections in Canada.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BK

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

There have been about 45,000 total COVID-19 deaths in Canada.

MIDI_ACCURACY5BL

If... Repeat respondent and ROTMIDI_ACCURACY5 = 2

The new vaccines approved by Health Canada target the omicron variant (BA.1 lineage) of COVID-19 as well as the original virus from 2019.

SECTD

The following section asks about how the pandemic has affected your wellbeing and mental health.

LIFE_SATISFACTION

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole?

MENTAL_HEALTH1

In general, would you say your mental health is:

PHYSICAL_HEALTH

In general, would you say your physical health is:

PREMOOD1

In the past two weeks, how often have you felt...

MOOD1A

Anxious or on edge

MOOD1B

Stressed

MOOD1C

Lonely

MOOD1D

Depressed

MOOD1E

Burnt out

SECTE

The following section asks about your outlook about the pandemic and the future.

OUTLOOK

Thinking of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think...

OUTLOOK1

When do you expect that day-to-day life in Canada will resemble pre-pandemic times?

PREOUTLOOK2

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following topics:

OUTLOOK2A

The impact of COVID-19 on the economy

OUTLOOK2B

Inflation or cost-of-living increases

OUTLOOK2L

The possibility of a recession

OUTLOOK2N

Climate change

OUTLOOK2O

Increasing divisiveness and/or conflict within society

PREOUTLOOK3

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following health-related topics:

OUTLOOK3A

The pandemic's impact on the mental health of Canadians

OUTLOOK3B

The emergence of another wave of COVID-19 cases

OUTLOOK3C

The emergence of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus

OUTLOOK3D

Lockdowns or other public health restrictions being reintroduced

OUTLOOK3E

The health system being overloaded

OUTLOOK3G

The effects of long COVID (i.e. people experiencing symptoms lasting for weeks or months after a COVID-19 infection)

OUTLOOK3I

The pandemic's long-term effects on children's development

OUTLOOK3K

Becoming infected or re-infected with COVID-19

OUTLOOK3L

A monkeypox outbreak

OUTLOOK3M

A resurgence of polio cases

OUTLOOK8

Do you think that we are currently experiencing a wave of COVID-19 cases?

BIVALENT2

Do you think that new COVID-19 vaccines targeting the omicron variant are more or less effective than earlier vaccines targeted at the original strain of COVID-19?

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. We hope that you will participate in our next survey.

The present study deals with topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic that you might have found distressing. If you found participation distressing, we want to encourage you to consider free mental health services including the following: Crisis Services Canada and other resources:

https://www.canada.ca/covid-mental-health

DEBRIEF

Some of the questions in this study presented statements that are inaccurate. The following statements are inaccurate according to current evidence:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca

THNK2

Screened-out

Unfortunately, based on your responses you are ineligible to participate in this survey. Thank you for your time!

Wave 6

Online Introduction

In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Canada is conducting a research study on the impact of COVID-19. Ekos has been hired to administer this survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français. The survey takes about 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential.

Your responses will be identified by a subject number and the researchers will not know your identity or your personal information. Review Ekos' privacy policy here.

The purpose of this study is to improve actions taken by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers will be used for research purposes and to help improve the COVID-19 outbreak response. Please complete the survey in one sitting.

Further information about this study:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca.

CONSENT

All willing respondents will be asked to complete updated versions of this survey two more times because your continued participation allows us to track opinions and behaviours about COVID-19 among the same cohort of individuals as they evolve over time. We greatly appreciate repeat participation.

I agree to participate in the study and understand that my answers will be used to advance knowledge about how Canadians are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, which may inform future actions taken by the government and help contribute to science.

I agree to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the information provided here.

I am aware that the data will be published in anonymous form to promote transparency in research.

DEMO

Thank you for deciding to participate in this study. First, please provide us with some information about yourself.

QAGE

In what year were you born?

QAGE1

If... QAGE = 9999

In which of the following age categories do you belong?

GENDER

What best describes your gender? Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on your legal documents.

PREG

Are you currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have you given birth within the last year?

PREG2

If... PREG = 1,2,3

Have you breastfed or chestfed your child(ren) in the past year, or are you planning to do so in the next year?

VAX_STATUS

Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?

PROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

Select one only

EDUCATION

If... New respondent

What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Select one only

QLANGUAGE

If... New respondent

Which language do you speak most often at home?

HEALTH_WORKER

If... New respondent

Are you a health care provider (i.e., nurse, medical doctor, paramedic, first responder, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, mental health worker, dentist, etc.)?

ILLNESS

If... New respondent

Do you have a serious, long-term illness, like diabetes, emphysema, or high blood pressure?

DISABILITY

If... New respondent

Do you identify as a person with a disability? A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term or recurring impairment (such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related) which limits their daily activities inside or outside the home (such as at school, work, or in the community in general).

URBAN

If... New respondent

Which of the following best describes the place where you live now?

CHILDREN

Do you have children under 18 years of age?

CHILDREN1

If... CHILDREN = 1

How many children under 18 years of age do you have?

CHILDREN2 [1,3]

If... CHILDREN = 1

What are the ages of your children?

Select all that apply.

EMPLOYMENT

Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?

Please select one only.

CITIZENSHIP

If... New respondent

Where were you born?

IMMIGRATION

If... CITIZENSHIP = 2

In what year did you first move to Canada?

ETHNICITY [1,13]

If... New respondent

You may belong to one or more racial or cultural groups on the following list.

Select all that apply.

INCOME

If... New respondent

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income. That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes?

HOUSEHOLD

If... New respondent

How many people, including yourself, are supported by your total household income?

SEX_ORIENTATION

If... New respondent

What best describes your sexual orientation?

RELIGIOUS

If... New respondent

In your life, you would say religion is...

CAREPROVIDER

Do you have access to a primary care provider (i.e., family doctor or nurse practitioner that you can see for regular check-ups, when you get sick, to ask medical advice, and so on)?

SECTA

The following section asks about certain public health measures as well as your experiences with COVID-19 vaccination.

INFECTION

Are you or have you been infected with COVID-19?

LONG_COVID

If... INFECTION = 1,24

Have you experienced any symptoms of long COVID (i.e. physical or psychological symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks after getting COVID-19)?

LONG_COVID3 [1,11]

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and LONG_COVID = 1,3

Which symptoms of long COVID have you experienced?

Select all that apply.

LONG_COVID1

Do you know anyone personally that has experienced long COVID symptoms (i.e., physical or psychological symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks after getting COVID-19)?

PRETEST

In the past four weeks, have you...

TESTD

Been tested for COVID-19 using a PCR test

TESTE

Been tested for COVID-19 using a rapid test

TESTF

Tested someone else for COVID-19 using a rapid test (e.g., a child, a family member, etc.)

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS

In the past month, how often have you used the following measures to avoid getting COVID-19 or to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

PREV_BEHAVIOURSA

Wore a face mask when it was mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSB

Wore a face mask when it was not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSC

Chose to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURSD

Took steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opened windows, used a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSH

Avoided public places and events

PREV_BEHAVIOURSG

Stayed home when you were sick

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS2

If you had to guess, approximately what percentage of other Canadian adults often or always used the following public health measure in the past month?

PREV_BEHAVIOURS2A

Wore a face mask when it was mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURS2B

Wore a face mask when it was not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURS2C

Chose to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURS2D

Took steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opened windows, used a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURS2H

Avoided public places and events

PREV_BEHAVIOURS2G

Stayed home when they were sick

SICK3

In the past month, were you sick with a fever, cough, sore throat, or runny nose?

PRESICK5

If... SICK3 = 1,3

In the past month, how often did you practice the following health measures while sick?

SICK5A

If... SICK3 = 1,3

Stayed home when sick

SICK5B

If... SICK3 = 1,3

Wore a mask indoors when sharing a space with others

SICK4 [1,7]

If... SICK3 = 1,3 and SICK5A = 1,2,3

You indicated that you sometimes, rarely or never stayed home when you were sick in the past month. Please explain why you did not stay home some or all of the time.

Select all that apply.

MASK_SCENARIOS [1,12]

If... PREV_BEHAVIOURSB = 3,4,5

You've indicated that you wore a mask in the past month. In which scenario(s) do you usually wear a mask?

Select all that apply.

ROTMEAS_EFFECT

Assigns a random number between 1 and: 2

PREMEAS_EFFECT1

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 1

In your opinion, how effective would your consistent use of the following public health measures be at reducing the spread of COVID-19?

MEAS_EFFECT1A

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 1

Wearing a mask

MEAS_EFFECT1B

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 1

Isolating at home when you have symptoms of COVID-19

MEAS_EFFECT1C

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 1

Isolating at home when you have tested positive for COVID-19 but don't have any symptoms

MEAS_EFFECT1D

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 1

Isolating at home when you have been in close contact with a COVID-19 case but have not tested positive for COVID-19

MEAS_EFFECT1E

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 1

Washing your hands

MEAS_EFFECT1F

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 1

Avoiding large gatherings

MEAS_EFFECT1G

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 1

Improving indoor ventilation

PREMEAS_EFFECT2

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 2

In your opinion, how effective would consistent use of the following public health measures among a majority of Canadians be at reducing the spread of COVID-19?

MEAS_EFFECT2A

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 2

Wearing a mask

MEAS_EFFECT2B

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 2

Isolating at home when they have symptoms of COVID-19

MEAS_EFFECT2C

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 2

Isolating at home when they have tested positive for COVID-19 but don't have any symptoms

MEAS_EFFECT2D

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 2

Isolating at home when they have been in close contact with a COVID-19 case but have not tested positive for COVID-19

MEAS_EFFECT2E

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 2

Hand washing

MEAS_EFFECT2F

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 2

Avoiding large gatherings

MEAS_EFFECT2G

If... ROTMEAS_EFFECT = 2

Improving indoor ventilation

PREBEHAVIOURS

In the past two weeks, have you...

BEHAVIOURSA

Visited indoors with friends and family that are not part of your household

BEHAVIOURSB

Sat inside a bar or restaurant

BEHAVIOURSC

Travelled to another province or territory

BEHAVIOURSD

Travelled to another country

BEHAVIOURSE

Worked or gone to school in an indoor setting (e.g., office, store, classroom)

BEHAVIOURSF

Gone to the gym, an exercise class, or indoor sports activity

BEHAVIOURSG

Attended an indoor sporting event and/or concert

PREFATIGUE1

In the future, if the following public health measures had to be implemented or reintroduced to prevent a widespread outbreak, would you support them?

FATIGUE1A

Gathering limits

FATIGUE1B

Stay-at-home orders

FATIGUE1C

Closing of businesses

FATIGUE1D

Travel restrictions/border closures

FATIGUE1F

School or daycare closures

FATIGUE1G

A requirement to wear a mask in indoor public settings

FATIGUE1I

Requirements to provide proof of 2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

FATIGUE1J

Requirements to provide proof of 3 or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

FATIGUE1K

A requirement to wear a mask in schools

MASK5

How likely are you to wear a mask in public for reasons other than COVID-19 (e.g., colds, flu, other viruses)?

BOOSTER

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

How likely are you to get a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

VAX_OPEN1

If... VAX_STATUS = 2

You've indicated that you have received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. In a few words, please explain why you have not gotten a third dose so far.

VAX_OPEN3

If... VAX_STATUS = 3

You've indicated that you have received three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. In a few words, please explain your main reasons for choosing to get a third dose.

VAX_OPEN4

If... VAX_STATUS = 4

You've indicated that you have received four doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. In a few words, please explain your main reasons for choosing to get a fourth dose.

PREG_RISK2A

If... PREG = 1,2,3

To what extent [PREG = 1,2]are[Else]were you worried about the risks to yourself of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy?

PREG_RISK2B

If... PREG = 1,2,3

To what extent [PREG = 1,2]are[Else]were you worried about the risks to your unborn baby of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy?

PREG_RISK1A

If... PREG = 1,2,3

To what extent [PREG = 1,2]are[Else]were you worried about the risks to yourself of being infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy?

PREG_RISK1B

If... PREG = 1,2,3

To what extent [PREG = 1,2]are[Else]were you worried about the risks to your unborn baby of you being infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy?

PREBOOSTER3

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

To what extent would each of the following hypothetical scenarios make you more or less likely to get a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER3A

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get the vaccine at a convenient location and time

BOOSTER3B

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received a financial reward upon receiving the vaccine

BOOSTER3C

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid time off work to get the vaccine

BOOSTER3D

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid sick time off work if you experienced side effects from the vaccine

BOOSTER3E

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

Proof of a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose was required to engage in certain activities, such as travelling abroad or flying on a plane

BOOSTER3F

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new formulation of vaccine that targets COVID-19 variants

BOOSTER3G

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new, more effective vaccine that better prevents infection

BOOSTER3H

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a COVID-19 booster dose at the same time as your annual flu shot

BOOSTER3I

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

A new, more severe variant of COVID-19 started spreading

BOOSTER3J

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

The definition of "fully vaccinated" was changed to requiring at least [VAX_STATUS = 2]three[VAX_STATUS = 3]four doses

VAX_CONSENSUS1

If you had to guess, approximately what percentage of Canadian adults have at least three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine?

VAX_CONSENSUS2

If you had to guess, approximately what percentage of your family and friends have at least three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine?

FLU_VAX

How likely are you to get a flu shot during the 2022-2023 flu season?

HEALTH_CRISIS

To what extent do you agree or disagree that [PROVINCE = 1]British Columbia[PROVINCE = 2]Alberta[PROVINCE = 3]Saskatchewan[PROVINCE = 4]Manitoba[PROVINCE = 5]Ontario[PROVINCE = 6]Quebec[PROVINCE = 7]New Brunswick[PROVINCE = 8]Nova Scotia[PROVINCE = 9]Prince Edward Island[PROVINCE = 10]Newfoundland and Labrador[PROVINCE = 11]Yukon[PROVINCE = 12]Northwest Territories[PROVINCE = 13]Nunavut[Else]your region is currently facing a healthcare crisis as a result of respiratory illnesses like the flu, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and COVID-19?

CHILD_VAX

If... CHILDREN2 = 3

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 12-17 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_BOOSTER

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 12-17, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX3

If... CHILDREN2 = 2

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 5-11 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX5

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 5-11, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_BOOSTER2

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 5-11, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX9

If... CHILDREN2 = 1

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 4 or under received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX6

If... CHILDREN2 = 1 and CHILD_VAX9 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is available for child(ren) aged 6 months to 4 years, I will get my children vaccinated.

CHILD_OPEN

If... CHILDREN = 1 and (CHILD_VAX = 4 or CHILD_VAX3 = 3 or CHILD_VAX9 = 3)

In a few words, please explain why one or all of your children have not yet received a COVID-19 vaccine.

PRECHILDVAX_SCENARIOS

If... CHILDREN = 1

To what extent would each of the following hypothetical scenarios make you more or less likely to get your child(ren) vaccinated?

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSA

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could be vaccinated at a convenient location and time

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSB

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could be vaccinated at their school or childcare centre

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSC

If... CHILDREN = 1

Proof of vaccination was required for them to engage in certain activities, such as travelling abroad or flying on a plane

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSD

If... CHILDREN = 1

Proof of vaccination was required for them to attend school or daycare

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSE

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could get a new formulation of vaccine that targets COVID-19 variants

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSF

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could get a new, more effective vaccine that better prevents infection

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSG

If... CHILDREN = 1

They could get a COVID-19 vaccine during the same visit as other routine vaccinations (e.g., flu vaccination or MMR vaccine)

CHILDVAX_SCENARIOSH

If... CHILDREN = 1

A new, more severe variant of COVID-19 started spreading

CHILD_COVID

If... CHILDREN = 1

Have any of your children been infected with COVID-19?

CHILD_VAX8

If... CHILDREN = 1

How worried are you about your child(ren) becoming infected with COVID-19?

CHILD_SICK

If... CHILDREN = 1

In recent months, how often has/have your child(ren) been sick with illnesses other than COVID-19 compared to before the pandemic?

CHILD_FLU

If... CHILDREN = 1

How likely are you to get a flu shot for your child(ren) during the 2022-2023 flu season?

SECTB

The following section asks about your trust in news and information sources.

PRETRUST_INFO

To what extent do you trust or distrust the following sources for information on COVID-19?

TRUST_INFOA

Television news

TRUST_INFOB

Radio, podcasts and other broadcasts

TRUST_INFOC

Newspapers and other journalism (including news websites)

TRUST_INFOD

Canadian federal government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOE

Provincial/Territorial government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOF

International health authorities (e.g. World Health Organization)

TRUST_INFOG

Healthcare workers (e.g. doctors, nurses)

TRUST_INFOH

Scientists

TRUST_INFOI

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok)

TRUST_INFOJ

Celebrities

TRUST_INFOK

Online search engines (e.g. Google)

TRUST_INFOL

Friends and family

TRUST_INFOM

Work/school colleagues

TRUST_INFON

Federal public health leaders

TRUST_INFOO

Provincial public health leaders

NEWS

How closely, if at all, have you been following news on COVID-19 over the past month?

GOVT_TRUST

Please indicate whether, in general, you trust or distrust the Canadian federal government.

SECTC

This section asks about your knowledge and opinions on the COVID-19 virus.

PREMIDI_ACCURACY6

To the best of your knowledge, how accurate or inaccurate are the claims in each of the following statements?

MIDI_ACCURACY6A

44% of pregnant women who participated in a Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine trial had miscarriages

MIDI_ACCURACY6B

UN health experts admit toxic vaccine ingredients are harming children worldwide

MIDI_ACCURACY6C

Getting an annual flu shot means you don't need to get a COVID booster shot

MIDI_ACCURACY6D

The COVID-19 vaccine interferes with the development of the placenta during pregnancy

MIDI_ACCURACY6E

The COVID-19 vaccine enters your cells and changes your DNA

MIDI_ACCURACY6F

Monkeypox was only prevalent in countries administering the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine

MIDI_ACCURACY6G

A Canadian children's hospital's cardiac unit was expanded to treat vaccine side effects

MIDI_ACCURACY6H

Side effects such as fever, chills, tiredness, and headache can occur after getting a COVID-19 vaccine

MIDI_ACCURACY6I

Pregnant women can experience changes to their immune systems that can make them more vulnerable to respiratory viruses like COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACY6J

People of all ages, including children, can be infected by the COVID-19 virus

MIDI_ACCURACY6K

Most people who get COVID-19 have mild or moderate symptoms and recover

MIDI_ACCURACY6L

Some COVID-19 patients still have COVID-19 after symptoms disappear

MIDI_ACCURACY6M

Thermal scanners and thermometers CANNOT detect COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACY6N

None of the COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in Canada contain the live SARS-CoV-2 virus

PRESOCIAL_MEDIA

If... New respondent

In the past month, how often did you use each of the following platforms?

SOCIAL_MEDIAA

If... New respondent

Facebook

SOCIAL_MEDIAB

If... New respondent

Twitter

SOCIAL_MEDIAC

If... New respondent

Instagram

SOCIAL_MEDIAD

If... New respondent

TikTok

SOCIAL_MEDIAE

If... New respondent

Reddit

SOCIAL_MEDIAF

If... New respondent

YouTube

PRECONS_MENT

If... New respondent

For each of the statements below, please use the scale (0%-100%) to indicate how likely it is that the statement is true. Remember that there are no "objectively" right or wrong answers. We are interested in your personal opinion.

CONS_MENTA

If... New respondent

I think that many very important things happen in the world, which the public is never informed about.

Certainly not 0%: 1

CONS_MENTB

If... New respondent

I think that politicians usually do not tell us the true motives for their decisions.

Certainly not 0%: 1

CONS_MENTC

If... New respondent

I think that government agencies closely monitor all citizens.

Certainly not 0%: 1

CONS_MENTD

If... New respondent

I think that events which superficially seem to lack a connection are often the result of secret activities.

Certainly not 0%: 1

CONS_MENTE

If... New respondent

I think that there are secret organizations that greatly influence political decisions.

Certainly not 0%: 1

PREQAOTE

If... New respondent

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements.

QAOTEA

If... New respondent

It is important to be loyal to your beliefs even when evidence is brought to bear against them.

QAOTEB

If... New respondent

Whether something feels true is more important than evidence.

QAOTEC

If... New respondent

Just because evidence conflicts with my current beliefs does not mean my beliefs are wrong.

QAOTED

If... New respondent

There may be evidence that goes against what you believe but that does not mean you have to change your beliefs.

QAOTEE

If... New respondent

Even if there is concrete evidence against what you believe to be true, it is OK to maintain cherished beliefs.

QAOTEF

If... New respondent

Regardless of the topic, what you believe to be true is more important than evidence against your beliefs.

SECTD

The following section asks about how the pandemic has affected your wellbeing and mental health.

LIFE_SATISFACTION

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole?

MENTAL_HEALTH1

In general, would you say your mental health is:

PHYSICAL_HEALTH

In general, would you say your physical health is:

PREMOOD1

In the past two weeks, how often have you felt...

MOOD1A

Anxious or on edge

MOOD1B

Stressed

MOOD1C

Lonely

MOOD1D

Depressed

MOOD1E

Burnt out

PRESOCCAP_BOND

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?

SOCCAPA

There is someone I can turn to for advice about making very important decisions.

SOCCAPB

When I feel lonely, there are several people I can talk to.

SOCCAPC

If I needed an emergency loan of $500, I know someone I could turn to.

SECTE

The following section asks about your outlook about the pandemic and the future.

OUTLOOK

Thinking of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think...

OUTLOOK1

When do you expect that day-to-day life in Canada will resemble pre-pandemic times?

PREOUTLOOK2

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following topics:

OUTLOOK2A

The impact of COVID-19 on the economy

OUTLOOK2B

Inflation or cost-of-living increases

OUTLOOK2L

The possibility of a recession

OUTLOOK2N

Climate change

OUTLOOK2O

Increasing divisiveness and/or conflict within society

PREOUTLOOK3

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following health-related topics:

OUTLOOK3A

The pandemic's impact on the mental health of Canadians

OUTLOOK3B

The emergence of another wave of COVID-19 cases

OUTLOOK3C

The emergence of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus

OUTLOOK3D

Lockdowns or other public health restrictions being reintroduced

OUTLOOK3E

The health system being overloaded

OUTLOOK3G

The effects of long COVID (i.e. people experiencing symptoms lasting for weeks or months after a COVID-19 infection)

OUTLOOK3I

The pandemic's long-term effects on children's development

OUTLOOK3K

Becoming infected or re-infected with COVID-19

OUTLOOK3L

A monkeypox outbreak

OUTLOOK3M

A resurgence of polio cases

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. We hope that you will participate in our next survey.

The present study deals with topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic that you might have found distressing. If you found participation distressing, we want to encourage you to consider free mental health services including the following:

Crisis Services Canada and other resources:

https://www.canada.ca/covid-mental-health

DEBRIEF

Some of the questions in this study presented statements that are inaccurate. The following statements are inaccurate according to current evidence:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca

THNK2

Screened-out

Unfortunately, based on your responses you are ineligible to participate in this survey. Thank you for your time!

Wave 7

Online Introduction

In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Canada is conducting a research study on the impact of COVID-19. EKOS has been hired to administer this survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français. The survey takes about 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential.

Your responses will be identified by a subject number and the researchers will not know your identity or your personal information. Review EKOS' privacy policy here.

The purpose of this study is to improve actions taken by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers will be used for research purposes and to help improve the COVID-19 outbreak response. Please complete the survey in one sitting.

Further information about this study:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca.

CONSENT

All willing respondents will be asked to complete updated versions of this survey one more time because your continued participation allows us to track opinions and behaviours about COVID-19 among the same cohort of individuals as they evolve over time. We greatly appreciate repeat participation.

I agree to participate in the study and understand that my answers will be used to advance knowledge about how Canadians are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, which may inform future actions taken by the government and help contribute to science.

I agree to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the information provided here.

I am aware that the data will be published in anonymous form to promote transparency in research.

DEMO

Thank you for deciding to participate in this study. First, please provide us with some information about yourself.

QAGE

In what year were you born?

QAGE1

If... QAGE = 9999

In which of the following age categories do you belong?

GENDER

What best describes your gender? Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on your legal documents.

PREG

Are you currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have you given birth within the last year?

PROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

Select one only

EDUCATION

If... New respondent

What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Select one only

>

QLANGUAGE

If... New respondent

Which language do you speak most often at home?

HEALTH_WORKER

If... New respondent

Are you a health care provider (i.e., nurse, medical doctor, paramedic, first responder, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, mental health worker, dentist, etc.)?

ILLNESS

If... New respondent

Do you have a serious, long-term illness, like diabetes, emphysema, or high blood pressure?

DISABILITY

If... New respondent

Do you identify as a person with a disability? A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term or recurring impairment (such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related) which limits their daily activities inside or outside the home (such as at school, work, or in the community in general).

URBAN

If... New respondent

Which of the following best describes the place where you live now?

CHILDREN

Do you have children under 18 years of age?

CHILDREN1

If... CHILDREN = 1

How many children under 18 years of age do you have?

CHILDREN2 [1,3]

If... CHILDREN = 1

What are the ages of your children?

Select all that apply.

EMPLOYMENT

Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?

Please select one only.

CITIZENSHIP

If... New respondent

Where were you born?

IMMIGRATION

If... CITIZENSHIP = 2

In what year did you first move to Canada?

ETHNICITY [1,13]

If... New respondent

You may belong to one or more racial or cultural groups on the following list.

Select all that apply.

INCOME

If... New respondent

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income. That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes?

HOUSEHOLD

If... New respondent

How many people, including yourself, are supported by your total household income?

SEX_ORIENTATION

If... New respondent

What best describes your sexual orientation?

RELIGIOUS

If... New respondent

In your life, you would say religion is...

CAREPROVIDER

Do you have access to a primary care provider (i.e., family doctor or nurse practitioner that you can see for regular check-ups, when you get sick, to ask medical advice, and so on)?

SECTA

The following section asks about certain public health measures as well as your experiences with COVID-19 vaccination.

FLU_SHOT

Did you get a flu shot this season (fall 2022 or winter 2023)?

INFECTION

Are you or have you been infected with COVID-19?

INFECTION1

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4

How many times have you been infected with COVID-19?

PREINFECTION4

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and INFECTION1 = 1,2,3,4

You've indicated that you were infected with COVID-19 [INFECTION1 = 1]once[INFECTION1 = 2]twice[INFECTION1 = 3]three times[Else]four or more times. In which month(s) were you infected?

[INFECTION1 = 4]Please enter the date for the 3 most recent times you were infected.

INFECTION4A

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and INFECTION1 = 1,2,3,4

First infection

INFECTION4B

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and INFECTION1 = 2,3,4

Second infection

INFECTION4C

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4 and INFECTION1 = 3,4

Third infection

LONG_COVID

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4

Have you experienced any symptoms of long COVID (i.e. physical or psychological symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks after getting COVID-19)?

LONG_OPEN

If... LONG_COVID = 1

What effect (if any) has the experience of long COVID symptoms had on your life?

PRETREATMENTS

To the best of your knowledge, are the following medications used to treat COVID-19?

TREATMENTSA

Paxlovid

TREATMENTSB

Remdesivir

TREATMENTSC

Tylenol

TREATMENTSD

Advil

TREATMENTSE

Monoclonal antibodies

TREATMENTSF

Ivermectin

TREATMENTSG

Hydroxychloroquine

TREATMENTSH

Molnupiravir

PAXFAM

How familiar are you with Paxlovid?

PAXFAM2 [1,5]

If... PAXFAM = 2,3,4

To the best of your knowledge, what is Paxlovid used for, according to current guidelines?

Select all that apply.

PAXUPTAKE1

If... PAXFAM = 2,3,4

Have you ever taken or considered taking Paxlovid?

PAXACCESS

If... PAXFAM = 2,3,4 and PAXUPTAKE1 = 1

How easy or difficult was it for you to access Paxlovid?

PAXBARRIER [1,13]

If... PAXFAM = 2,3,4 and PAXUPTAKE1 = 2

You indicated that you considered taking Paxlovid but did not end up taking it. Among the options below, please tell us why.

Select all that apply.

PAXELIG

To the best of your knowledge, are you part of a group that is eligible for Paxlovid?

PRETEST

In the past four weeks, have you...

TESTD

Been tested for COVID-19 using a PCR test

TESTE

Been tested for COVID-19 using a rapid test

TESTF

Tested someone else for COVID-19 using a rapid test (e.g., a child, a family member, etc.)

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS

In the past month, how often have you used the following measures to avoid getting COVID-19 or to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

PREV_BEHAVIOURSA

Wore a face mask when it was mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSB

Wore a face mask when it was not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSC

Chose to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURSD

Took steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opened windows, used a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSH

Avoided public places and events

PREV_BEHAVIOURSG

Stayed home when you were sick

PREMASK

In the past month, how often have you...

MASKA

Worn a high-quality medical mask (i.e., N95, KN95 or equivalent) in indoor public settings

MASKB

Worn a cloth mask in indoor public settings

MASKC

Worn a surgical mask in indoor public settings

SICK3

In the past month, were you sick with a fever, cough, sore throat, or runny nose?

PREBEHAVIOURS

In the past two weeks, have you...

BEHAVIOURSA

Visited indoors with friends and family that are not part of your household

BEHAVIOURSB

Sat inside a bar or restaurant

BEHAVIOURSC

Travelled to another province or territory

BEHAVIOURSD

Travelled to another country

BEHAVIOURSE

Worked or gone to school in an indoor setting (e.g., office, store, classroom)

BEHAVIOURSF

Gone to the gym, an exercise class, or indoor sports activity

BEHAVIOURSG

Attended an indoor sporting event and/or concert

PREFATIGUE1

In the future, if the following public health measures had to be implemented or reintroduced to prevent a widespread outbreak, would you support them?

FATIGUE1A

Gathering limits

FATIGUE1B

Stay-at-home orders

FATIGUE1C

Closing of businesses

FATIGUE1D

Travel restrictions/border closures

FATIGUE1E

Avoiding indoor gatherings with people outside of your household

FATIGUE1F

School or daycare closures

FATIGUE1G

A requirement to wear a mask in indoor public settings

FATIGUE1I

Requirements to provide proof of 2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

FATIGUE1J

Requirements to provide proof of 3 or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine for certain activities

FATIGUE1K

A requirement to wear a mask in schools

PREVARIANT2

To the best of your knowledge, are the following terms COVID-19 variants or subvariants that have circulated in the population:

VARIANT2A

Kraken

VARIANT2B

XBB.1.5

VARIANT2C

BA.5

VARIANT2D

Delta

VARIANT2E

Omicron

VARIANT2F

Bivalent

VARIANT2G

Omega

VAX_STATUS

Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?

PREVAX_EXPERIENCES

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:

VAX_EXPERIENCESA

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

I feel more comfortable going out in public (e.g., to stores, eating in restaurants) since getting the vaccine

VAX_EXPERIENCESB

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

I feel concerned that I might develop long-term side effects from the vaccine

VAX_EXPERIENCESC

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

I think it is important to continue to get tested if I have any symptoms of COVID-19

VAX_EXPERIENCESD

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

I feel comfortable interacting indoors with people from outside my household without wearing a mask

VAX_EXPERIENCESE

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

I think limiting my own international travel is important even if I am vaccinated

VAX_EXPERIENCESF

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

I feel safer from severe disease outcomes such as hospitalization or death

BOOSTER

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3,4,6

How likely are you to get a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth[VAX_STATUS = 4]fifth[VAX_STATUS = 6]sixth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER2

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3,4,6 and BOOSTER = 1,2,3

In a few words, please explain your main reasons for feeling against or unsure about receiving a [VAX_STATUS = 1,2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth[VAX_STATUS = 4]fifth[VAX_STATUS = 6]sixth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.

VAX_INTENT

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

Will you get a COVID-19 vaccine?

SOCIAL_CIRCLE

Are most of your close friends or family members vaccinated against COVID-19?

ROUTINE_VAX

Have you ever decided not to get a routine vaccine or delayed getting a routine vaccine (e.g. tetanus, shingles, pneumonia) for reasons other than illness or allergy?

PREBOOSTER3

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

To what extent would each of the following hypothetical scenarios make you more or less likely to get a [VAX_STATUS = 2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

BOOSTER3A

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get the vaccine at a convenient location and time

BOOSTER3B

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received a financial reward upon receiving the vaccine

BOOSTER3C

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid time off work to get the vaccine

BOOSTER3D

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You received paid sick time off work if you experienced side effects from the vaccine

BOOSTER3E

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

Proof of a [VAX_STATUS = 2]third[VAX_STATUS = 3]fourth dose was required to engage in certain activities, such as travelling abroad or flying on a plane

BOOSTER3F

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new formulation of vaccine that targets COVID-19 variants

BOOSTER3G

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a new, more effective vaccine that better prevents infection

BOOSTER3H

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

You could get a COVID-19 booster dose at the same time as your annual flu shot

BOOSTER3I

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

A new, more severe variant of COVID-19 started spreading

BOOSTER3J

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

The definition of "fully vaccinated" was changed to requiring at least [VAX_STATUS = 2]three[VAX_STATUS = 3]four doses

BOOSTER3K

If... VAX_STATUS = 2,3

A vaccine that did not require a needle (e.g. inhaled, nasal spray) was approved and became available

PREINCENTIVES

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

To what extent would each of the following hypothetical scenarios make you more or less likely to get a COVID-19 vaccine?

INCENTIVESA

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

You could get the vaccine at a convenient location and time

INCENTIVESB

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

You received a financial reward upon receiving the vaccine

INCENTIVESC

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

You received paid time off work to get the vaccine

INCENTIVESD

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

You received paid sick time off work if you experienced side effects from the vaccine

INCENTIVESE

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

Proof of vaccination was required to engage in certain activities, such as travelling abroad or flying on a plane

INCENTIVESF

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

You could get a new formulation of vaccine that targets COVID-19 variants

INCENTIVESG

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

You could get a new, more effective vaccine that better prevents infection

INCENTIVESH

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

You could get a COVID-19 booster dose at the same time as your annual flu shot

INCENTIVESI

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

A new, more severe variant of COVID-19 started spreading

INCENTIVESJ

If... VAX_STATUS = 5

A vaccine that did not require a needle (e.g. inhaled, nasal spray) was approved and became available

CHILD_VAX

If... CHILDREN2 = 3

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 12-17 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_BOOSTER

If... CHILDREN2 = 3 and CHILD_VAX = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 12-17, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX3

If... CHILDREN2 = 2

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 5-11 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX5

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is recommended and available for my child(ren) aged 5-11, I will get them vaccinated.

CHILD_BOOSTER2

If... CHILDREN2 = 2 and CHILD_VAX3 = 2

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 5-11, will they receive a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX9

If... CHILDREN2 = 1

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 4 or under received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX6

If... CHILDREN2 = 1 and CHILD_VAX9 = 3

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: Now that a COVID-19 vaccine is available for child(ren) aged 6 months to 4 years, I will get my children vaccinated.

CHILD_OPEN

If... CHILDREN = 1 and (CHILD_VAX = 4 or CHILD_VAX3 = 3 or CHILD_VAX9 = 3)

In a few words, please explain why one or all of your children have not yet received a COVID-19 vaccine.

CHILD_COVID

If... CHILDREN = 1

Have any of your children been infected with COVID-19?

CHILD_VAX8

If... CHILDREN = 1

How worried are you about your child(ren) becoming infected with COVID-19?

SECTB

The following section asks about your trust in news and information sources.

PRETRUST_INFO

To what extent do you trust or distrust the following sources for information on COVID-19?

TRUST_INFOA

Television news

TRUST_INFOB

Radio, podcasts and other broadcasts

TRUST_INFOC

Newspapers and other journalism (including news websites)

TRUST_INFOD

Canadian federal government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOE

Provincial/Territorial government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFOF

International health authorities (e.g. World Health Organization)

TRUST_INFOG

Healthcare workers (e.g. doctors, nurses)

TRUST_INFOH

Scientists

TRUST_INFOI

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok)

TRUST_INFOJ

Celebrities

TRUST_INFOK

Online search engines (e.g. Google)

TRUST_INFOL

Friends and family

TRUST_INFOM

Work/school colleagues

TRUST_INFON

Federal public health leaders

TRUST_INFOO

Provincial public health leaders

TRUST_INFOP

Public broadcasting in Canada (e.g., CBC/Radio-Canada)

NEWS

How closely, if at all, have you been following news on COVID-19 over the past month?

GOVT_TRUST

Please indicate whether, in general, you trust or distrust the Canadian federal government.

SECTC

This section asks about your knowledge and opinions on the COVID-19 virus.

PREMIDI_ACCURACY

To the best of your knowledge, how accurate are the claims in each of the following news headlines?

MIDI_ACCURACYA

The fatality rate of COVID-19 has been deliberately and greatly exaggerated in the media

MIDI_ACCURACYB

New vaccine technologies for COVID-19 build immunity by altering your DNA

MIDI_ACCURACYC

The COVID-19 vaccine causes infertility

MIDI_ACCURACYD

To rush COVID-19 vaccines to the market, pharmaceutical companies took shortcuts that compromise the safety of the vaccines

MIDI_ACCURACYE

People should not be getting a COVID-19 vaccine because it is better to have natural immunity against the virus than artificial immunity

MIDI_ACCURACYF

The prolonged use of masks can cause CO2 intoxication and oxygen deficiency

MIDI_ACCURACYG

COVID-19 vaccines are resulting in new variants of the virus

MIDI_ACCURACYH

There is scientific consensus that masks can help prevent the spread of COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYI

COVID-19 spreads most commonly through airborne transmission - small respiratory droplets that linger in the air

MIDI_ACCURACYJ

Vitamin and mineral supplements cannot cure COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYK

Children can become seriously ill from COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYL

Scientists have been studying pandemic coronaviruses and vaccines to protect against them for over a decade

MIDI_ACCURACYM

Improving air ventilation (like opening windows or using HEPA filters) reduces the likelihood of spreading COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYN

Vaccinated people who get COVID-19 are less likely to end up in hospital than are unvaccinated people who get COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYO

The same vaccines are being used for strep A, COVID-19 and scarlet fever.

MIDI_ACCURACYP

5G cell phone technology is linked to the coronavirus outbreak.

MIDI_ACCURACYQ

The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are a contributing factor to the number of global excess deaths

MIDI_ACCURACYR

There has been a surge of deaths among athletes due to taking the COVID-19 vaccine

MIDI_ACCURACYS

Gargling salt water does not kill COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYT

COVID-19 vaccines reduce the spread of COVID-19

MIDI_ACCURACYU

The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines can differ across COVID-19 variants

MIDI_ACCURACYV

On average, in 2023, there are still daily deaths due to COVID-19 in Canada

PRESOCIAL_MEDIA

In the past month, how often did you use each of the following platforms?

SOCIAL_MEDIAA

Facebook

SOCIAL_MEDIAB

Twitter

SOCIAL_MEDIAC

Instagram

SOCIAL_MEDIAD

TikTok

SOCIAL_MEDIAE

Reddit

SOCIAL_MEDIAF

YouTube

QALGO_1

How do you believe decisions are made about what stories are shown to people on Facebook and other social media sites?

PRECONS_MENT

If... New respondent

For each of the statements below, please use the scale (0%-100%) to indicate how likely it is that the statement is true. Remember that there are no "objectively" right or wrong answers. We are interested in your personal opinion.

CONS_MENTA

If... New respondent

I think that many very important things happen in the world, which the public is never informed about.

CONS_MENTB

If... New respondent

I think that politicians usually do not tell us the true motives for their decisions.

CONS_MENTC

If... New respondent

I think that government agencies closely monitor all citizens.

CONS_MENTD

If... New respondent

I think that events which superficially seem to lack a connection are often the result of secret activities.

CONS_MENTE

If... New respondent

I think that there are secret organizations that greatly influence political decisions.

PREQAOTE

If... New respondent

Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements.

QAOTEA

If... New respondent

It is important to be loyal to your beliefs even when evidence is brought to bear against them.

QAOTEB

If... New respondent

Whether something feels true is more important than evidence.

QAOTEC

If... New respondent

Just because evidence conflicts with my current beliefs does not mean my beliefs are wrong.

QAOTED

If... New respondent

There may be evidence that goes against what you believe but that does not mean you have to change your beliefs.

QAOTEE

If... New respondent

Even if there is concrete evidence against what you believe to be true, it is OK to maintain cherished beliefs.

QAOTEF

If... New respondent

Regardless of the topic, what you believe to be true is more important than evidence against your beliefs.

SECTD

The following section asks about how the pandemic has affected your wellbeing and mental health.

LIFE_SATISFACTION

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole?

MENTAL_HEALTH

Since the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020, has your overall mental health...

PREMOOD

In the past two weeks, how often have you...

MOODA

Felt hopeful about the future

MOODB

Had trouble sleeping

MOODC

Felt anxious, nervous or on edge

MOODD

Felt lonely

MOODE

Felt depressed

MOODF

Felt burnt out

SECTE

The following section asks about your outlook about the pandemic and the future.

OUTLOOK

Thinking of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you think...

OUTLOOK1

When do you expect that day-to-day life in Canada will resemble pre-pandemic times?

PREOUTLOOK2

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following topics:

OUTLOOK2A

The impact of COVID-19 on the economy

OUTLOOK2B

Inflation or cost-of-living increases

OUTLOOK2C

The possibility of being unemployed

OUTLOOK2E

Not having enough money to pay for essential items

OUTLOOK2F

Supply chain disruptions

OUTLOOK2L

The possibility of a recession

OUTLOOK2N

Climate change

OUTLOOK2O

Increasing divisiveness and/or conflict within society

PREOUTLOOK3

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following health-related topics:

OUTLOOK3A

The pandemic's impact on the mental health of Canadians

OUTLOOK3B

The emergence of another wave of COVID-19 cases

OUTLOOK3C

The emergence of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus

OUTLOOK3D

Lockdowns or other public health restrictions being reintroduced

OUTLOOK3E

The health system being overloaded

OUTLOOK3G

The effects of long COVID (i.e. people experiencing symptoms lasting for weeks or months after a COVID-19 infection)

OUTLOOK3I

The pandemic's long-term effects on children's development

OUTLOOK3K

Becoming infected or re-infected with COVID-19

OUTLOOK3N

Another major pandemic or disease outbreak taking place in Canada in the future

PRETHREAT_SCALE

In your opinion, how much of a threat, if any, is COVID-19 for...

THREAT_SCALEA

Your personal health

THREAT_SCALEB

The health of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEC

Your personal financial safety

THREAT_SCALED

The Canadian economy

THREAT_SCALEE

Day-to-day life in your local community

THREAT_SCALEF

The rights and freedoms of the Canadian population as a whole

THREAT_SCALEG

What it means to be Canadian

THREAT_SCALEH

Canadian values and traditions

THREAT_SCALEI

Canadian democracy

THREAT_SCALEJ

The maintenance of law and order in Canada

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. We hope that you will participate in our next survey.

The present study deals with topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic that you might have found distressing. If you found participation distressing, we want to encourage you to consider free mental health services including the following:

Crisis Services Canada and other resources:

https://www.canada.ca/covid-mental-health

DEBRIEF

Some of the questions in this study presented statements that are inaccurate. The following statements are inaccurate according to current evidence:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca

THNK2

Screened-out

Unfortunately, based on your responses you are ineligible to participate in this survey. Thank you for your time!

Wave 8

Online Introduction

In partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Government of Canada is conducting a research study on health behaviours and the impact of COVID-19. Ekos has been hired to administer this survey. Si vous préférez répondre au sondage en français, veuillez cliquer sur français. The survey takes about 20 minutes to complete and is voluntary and completely confidential.

Your responses will be identified by a subject number and the researchers will not know your identity or your personal information. Review Ekos' privacy policy here.

The purpose of this study is to improve actions taken by the government in response to public health crises and the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers will be used for research purposes and to help improve public health policy. Please complete the survey in one sitting.

Further information about this study:

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca.

CONSENT

I agree to participate in the study and understand that my answers will be used to advance knowledge about how Canadians are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, which may inform future actions taken by the government and help contribute to science.

I agree to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the information provided here.

I am aware that the data will be published in anonymous form to promote transparency in research.

DEMO

Thank you for deciding to participate in this study. First, please provide us with some information about yourself.

QAGE

In what year were you born?

QAGE1

If... QAGE = 9999

In which of the following age categories do you belong?

GENDER

What best describes your gender? Refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on your legal documents.

PROVINCE

In which province or territory do you live?

Select one only

EDUCATION

What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?

Select one only

QLANGUAGE

Which language do you speak most often at home?

HEALTH_WORKER

Are you a health care provider (i.e., nurse, medical doctor, paramedic, first responder, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, mental health worker, dentist, etc.)?

ILLNESS

Do you have a serious, long-term illness, like diabetes, emphysema, or high blood pressure?

DISABILITY

Do you identify as a person with a disability? A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term or recurring impairment (such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related) which limits their daily activities inside or outside the home (such as at school, work, or in the community in general).

URBAN

Which of the following best describes the place where you live now?

CHILDREN

Do you have children under 18 years of age?

CHILDREN1

If... CHILDREN = 1

How many children under 18 years of age do you have?

CHILDREN2 [1,3]

If... CHILDREN = 1

What are the ages of your children?

Select all that apply.

PREG

Are you currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have you given birth within the last year?

EMPLOYMENT

Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?

Please select one only.

CITIZENSHIP

Where were you born?

IMMIGRATION

If... CITIZENSHIP = 2

In what year did you first move to Canada?

ETHNICITY [1,13]

You may belong to one or more racial or cultural groups on the following list.

Select all that apply.

INCOME

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income. That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes?

SEX_ORIENTATION

What best describes your sexual orientation?

SECTA

The following section will ask you some questions about your health experiences and opinions.

CAREPROVIDER

Do you have access to a primary care provider (i.e., family doctor or nurse practitioner that you can see for regular check-ups, when you get sick, to ask medical advice, etc.)?

CAREPROVIDER2

If... CAREPROVIDER = 2

Are you looking for a primary care provider?

HEALTH_SERV [1,11]

In the past 12 months have you used any of the following healthcare services for yourself?

Please select all that apply.

FLU_SHOT

Did you get a flu shot last season (fall 2022 or winter 2023)?

VAX_FLU

How likely are you to get a flu vaccine this fall/winter (2023-24)?

COVID_FLU

If a combination vaccine for the flu and COVID-19 became available to you in the future, how likely would you be to take it?

CHILD_RSV

If... CHILDREN = 1

How likely would you be to get your children a vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) if one were approved and available to them?

CHILD_ROUTINE

If... CHILDREN = 1

To the best of your knowledge, what is the current status of your child(ren)'s routine immunizations (not including COVID-19 vaccines)?

CHILD_ROUTINE3

If... CHILDREN = 1

Which of the following is the most convenient or desirable location to have your child vaccinated? Please choose one.

CHILD_ROUTINE2

If... CHILDREN = 1

Please rate your level of comfort with getting your child(ren) a COVID-19 vaccine at the same time as other routine vaccinations.

PREMEASURES

In the future, how likely are you to use the following public health measures to protect yourself or others from respiratory infectious diseases (e.g., colds, flu, COVID-19, etc.)?

MEASURESA

Wearing a mask

MEASURESB

Staying home when sick

MEASURESC

Avoiding contact with vulnerable individuals (e.g. individuals who are at higher risk for severe disease) when you are sick

MEASURESD

Washing your hands/using hand sanitizer

MEASURESE

Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and/or objects

MEASURESF

Avoiding large gatherings

MEASURESG

Using at-home rapid tests

MEASURESH

Opening windows and/or doors to improve indoor air quality

MEASURESI

Using an air purifier to improve indoor air quality

MEASURESJ

Using fans vented to the outdoors to improve indoor air quality

MEASURESK

Using a high efficiency furnace filter to improve indoor air quality

PREQAIR_QUAL3

In your opinion, how effective are each of the following air quality improvement measures at reducing the spread of infectious diseases?

QAIR_QUAL3A

Opening windows and/or doors

QAIR_QUAL3B

Using an air purifier (e.g., with a HEPA filter)

QAIR_QUAL3C

Using a fan vented to the outdoors

QAIR_QUAL3D

Using a high efficiency furnace filter

SICK3

In the past month, were you sick with a fever, cough, sore throat, or runny nose?

SECTB1

The following section will ask you some questions about COVID-19 public health measures.

INFECTION

Are you or have you been infected with COVID-19?

INFECTION1

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4

How many times have you been infected with COVID-19?

LONG_COVID

If... INFECTION = 1,2,4

Have you experienced any symptoms of long COVID (i.e. physical or psychological symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks after getting COVID-19)?

PRETEST

In the past four weeks, have you...

TESTD

Been tested for COVID-19 using a PCR test

TESTE

Been tested for COVID-19 using a rapid test

TESTF

Tested someone else for COVID-19 using a rapid test (e.g., a child, a family member, etc.)

TEST_LIKELY

In the future, if you had symptoms of COVID-19, would you take a rapid test?

TEST_OPEN

If... TEST_LIKELY = 2,98

In a few words, please tell us why you [TEST_LIKELY = 98]are unsure about taking[Else]would not take a rapid test in this scenario?

H_RISK

Do you consider yourself to be at high-risk of severe outcomes (e.g. hospitalization) from COVID-19?

RISK_FACTORS [1,9]

To the best of your knowledge, which of the following conditions increase the risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 based on current health guidance?

Select all that apply.

PREPREV_BEHAVIOURS

In the past month, how often have you used the following measures to avoid getting COVID-19 or to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

PREV_BEHAVIOURSA

Wore a face mask when it was mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSB

Wore a face mask when it was not mandatory

PREV_BEHAVIOURSC

Chose to meet with others outdoors instead of indoors

PREV_BEHAVIOURSD

Took steps to improve indoor air quality (e.g. opened windows, used a HEPA filter)

PREV_BEHAVIOURSH

Avoided public places and events

PREV_BEHAVIOURSG

Stayed home when you were sick

ROTCOVIDMEASURES

Assigns a random value between 1 and: 2

PRESAVING

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Looking back, in your opinion, how effective were the following measures at preventing deaths throughout the COVID-19 pandemic?

SAVINGA

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Vaccination

SAVINGB

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Mask wearing

SAVINGC

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Closing schools/daycares

SAVINGD

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Restricting international travel

SAVINGE

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Closing businesses/workplaces

SAVINGF

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Limiting social gatherings

SAVINGH

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Improving indoor air ventilation and filtration

SAVINGI

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Vaccine mandates/requirements

SAVINGJ

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 1

Free access to rapid tests

PRESPREAD

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Looking back, in your opinion, how effective were the following measures at preventing the spread of COVID-19 throughout the COVID-19 pandemic?

SPREADA

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Vaccination

SPREADB

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Mask wearing

SPREADC

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Closing schools/daycares

SPREADD

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Restricting international travel

SPREADE

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Closing businesses/workplaces

SPREADF

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Limiting social gatherings

SPREADH

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Improving indoor air ventilation and filtration

SPREADI

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Vaccine mandates/requirements

SPREADJ

If... ROTCOVIDMEASURES = 2

Free access to rapid tests

SECTB2

The following section will ask you some questions about treatments for COVID-19. COVID-19 treatments include, for example, drugs that reduce or stop the virus from multiplying in human cells and drugs that treat the symptoms of COVID-19.

TREATMENT1

In the future, if you had COVID-19 and you were eligible for an antiviral treatment for COVID-19 (i.e., not a vaccine), how likely would you be to take it?

SCREEN

Imagine the following scenario: A healthcare professional offers to pre-screen your eligibility for COVID-19 treatments to allow for easier access to them in the future if needed. This pre-screening may include assessing your risk level for severe outcomes from COVID-19 and reviewing your current medications and medical history.

How likely would you be to participate in the pre-screening?

PAXUPTAKE2

Paxlovid is an antiviral medication used to treat adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of progressing to serious disease, including hospitalization or death. Paxlovid is the first authorized COVID-19 treatment that people can take orally at home.

Have you ever taken Paxlovid?

PAXUPTAKE4

If... PAXUPTAKE2 = 2

Paxlovid is an antiviral medication used to treat adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of progressing to serious disease, including hospitalization or death. Paxlovid is the first authorized COVID-19 treatment that people can take orally at home.

Have you ever considered taking Paxlovid?

PAXUPTAKE3

Paxlovid is an antiviral medication used to treat adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of progressing to serious disease, including hospitalization or death. Paxlovid is the first authorized COVID-19 treatment that people can take orally at home.

Have you ever helped someone else (e.g., a friend or family member) access Paxlovid?

PAXOPEN1

If... PAXUPTAKE2 = 1

In a few words, please tell us about your experience taking Paxlovid.

PAXOPEN3

If... PAXUPTAKE4 = 1

In a few words, please tell us why you considered taking Paxlovid but then did not end up taking it.

PAXOPEN2

If... PAXUPTAKE3 = 1

In a few words, please tell us about your experience helping someone else access Paxlovid.

PAXACCESS2

How familiar are you with the process required to access Paxlovid in your province or territory?

PAXELIG

To the best of your knowledge, are you part of a group that is eligible for Paxlovid?

SECTB3

The following section will ask you some questions about COVID-19 vaccination.

VAX_STATUS

Have you received a COVID-19 vaccine?

ROTVAX_LIKELY

Assigns a random value between 1 and: 3

VAX_FALL

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7 and ROTVAX_LIKELY = 1

How likely would you be to get an additional dose of a COVID-19 vaccine if one became available to you in Fall 2023?

VAX_NEW1

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7 and ROTVAX_LIKELY = 2

If a new COVID-19 vaccine became available in the future that was much more effective at preventing infections, how likely would you be to take it?

VAX_NEW2

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7 and ROTVAX_LIKELY = 3

If a new COVID-19 vaccine that that was designed to be inhaled instead of injected (e.g., nasal spray) became available in the future, how likely would you be to take it?

PREREGRET

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements:

REGRETA

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

I regret getting a COVID-19 vaccine

REGRETB

If... VAX_STATUS = 1,2,3,4,6,7

I only got a COVID-19 vaccine because it was required to participate in certain activities (e.g., work, travel or other social activities)

CHILD_VAX

If... CHILDREN2 = 3

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 12-17 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX3

If... CHILDREN2 = 2

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 5-11 received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX9

If... CHILDREN2 = 1

Has/have any of your child(ren) aged 4 or under received a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_VAX6

If... CHILDREN2 = 1 and CHILD_VAX9 = 3

Thinking about your child(ren) aged 6 months to 4 years, will they get a COVID-19 vaccine?

CHILD_COVID

If... CHILDREN = 1

Have any of your children been infected with COVID-19?

SECTC

The following section asks about your outlook about the pandemic and the future.

VAX_NEW3

In your opinion, how important is it for Canadian governments to fund the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines?

PANDEMIC

To what extent do you agree or disagree that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the health of Canadians?

IMPCT

Overall, did the COVID-19 pandemic have a positive or negative impact on your perception of other people in Canada?

IMPCT_OPEN

If... IMPCT = 1,2,4,5

In a few words, please explain why your perception of other people in Canada became more [IMPCT = 1,2]negative[Else]positive as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

FUTURE

How likely do you think it is that you will experience another infectious disease pandemic in your lifetime?

PREFUTURE2

How prepared do you think the following groups would be to respond to another pandemic in the future?

FUTURE2A

The Government of Canada

FUTURE2B

People living in Canada

PREOUTLOOK2

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following topics:

OUTLOOK2A

The impact of COVID-19 on the economy

OUTLOOK2B

Inflation or cost-of-living increases

OUTLOOK2C

The possibility of being unemployed

OUTLOOK2E

Not having enough money to pay for essential items

OUTLOOK2L

The possibility of a recession

OUTLOOK2N

Climate change

OUTLOOK2O

Increasing divisiveness and/or conflict within society

PREOUTLOOK3

At the moment, how much do you worry about the following health-related topics:

OUTLOOK3A

The pandemic's impact on the mental health of Canadians

OUTLOOK3B

The emergence of another wave of COVID-19 cases

OUTLOOK3C

The emergence of a new variant of the COVID-19 virus

OUTLOOK3D

Lockdowns or other public health restrictions being reintroduced

OUTLOOK3E

The health system being overloaded

OUTLOOK3G

The effects of long COVID (i.e. people experiencing symptoms lasting for weeks or months after a COVID-19 infection)

OUTLOOK3I

The pandemic's long-term effects on children's development

OUTLOOK3K

Becoming infected or re-infected with COVID-19

OUTLOOK3N

Another major pandemic or disease outbreak taking place in Canada in the future

PRETRUST_INFO2

To what extent do you trust or distrust the following sources for information?

TRUST_INFO2A

Television news

TRUST_INFO2B

Radio, podcasts and other broadcasts

TRUST_INFO2C

Newspapers and other journalism (including news websites)

TRUST_INFO2D

Canadian federal government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFO2E

Provincial/Territorial government briefings and/or websites

TRUST_INFO2F

International health authorities (e.g. World Health Organization)

TRUST_INFO2G

Healthcare workers (e.g. doctors, nurses)

TRUST_INFO2H

Scientists

TRUST_INFO2I

Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok)

TRUST_INFO2J

Celebrities

TRUST_INFO2K

Online search engines (e.g. Google)

TRUST_INFO2L

Friends and family

TRUST_INFO2M

Work/school colleagues

TRUST_INFO2N

Federal public health leaders

TRUST_INFO2O

Provincial public health leaders

TRUST_INFO2P

Public broadcasting in Canada (e.g., CBC/Radio-Canada)

TRUST_INFO2Q

Community-based organizations (e.g., community centres, not-for-profits, local libraries, etc.)

NEWS

How closely, if at all, have you been following news on COVID-19 over the past month?

GOVT_TRUST

Please indicate whether, in general, you trust or distrust the Canadian federal government.

PRECONS_MEN2

Here are some ideas that some people agree with, and others disagree with. In thinking about each one, please tell us how much you agree or disagree with each of the statements below:

CONS_MEN2A

Much of our lives are being controlled by plots hatched in secret places.

CONS_MEN2B

Big events like wars, recessions, and the outcomes of elections, are controlled by small groups of people who are working in secret against the rest of us.

PREQAOT2

Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statements.

QAOT2A

It is important to be loyal to your beliefs even when evidence is brought to bear against them.

QAOT2B

Whether something feels true is more important than evidence.

SECTE

The following section asks about how the pandemic has affected your wellbeing and mental health.

LIFE_SATISFACTION

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole?

MENTAL_HEALTH1

In general, would you say your mental health is:

PREMOOD1

In the past two weeks, how often have you felt...

MOOD1A

Anxious or on edge

MOOD1B

Stressed

MOOD1C

Lonely

MOOD1D

Depressed

MOOD1E

Burnt out

MOOD1F

Hopeful about the future

Thank You

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey.

The present study deals with topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic that you might have found distressing. If you found participation distressing, we want to encourage you to consider free mental health services including the following:

https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services.html

If you have any questions about this survey, please contact cosmo-sico@pco-bcp.gc.ca

THNK2

Screened-out

Unfortunately, based on your responses you are ineligible to participate in this survey. Thank you for your time!