Publications

Polygamy in Canada: Legal and Social Implications for Women and Children – A Collection of Policy Research Reports

How Have Policy Approaches to Polygamy Responded to Women's Experiences and Rights? An International, Comparative Analysis

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LEGISLATION

Canadian

Bill C-38, An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes, 1st Sess., 38th Parl., 2005.

Canada, Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations S.O.R./2000-227, s.117(9)(c).

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.), 1982, c. 11.

Civil Code of Quebec, arts. 380-390, 3081, 3083, 3088.

Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, ss. 290(1), 293(1).

Ontario, Family Law Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. F.3, ss.1(2), 29.

Ontario, Succession Law Reform Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. S.26, s.1(2).

Foreign

Algeria, Family Code 1984 (no. 84-11/1984) reproduced in El Alami and Hinchcliffe (1996: 39-50).

Armenia, Republic of, Republic of Armenia Criminal Code 2003. <http://www.legislationline.org/ view.php?document=58114&ref=true>. Accessed May 26, 2005.

Australia, Family Law Act 1975 (Aust.), 1975/53 as am., s. 6.

Australia, Marriage Act 1961(Aust.), 1961/ 12 as am., ss. 88C(1)(a), 88D(2)(a).

China, Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, 1980, as am. 2001, arts. 2, 3, 10(1), 12, 32(1). <www.chinaembassy.ee/eng/lsqw/ygflfg/t111170.htm>. Accessed September 16, 2005.

Egypt, Personal Status (Amendment) Law (Law No. 100/1985) reproduced in El Alami and and Hinchcliffe 1996: 52-62).

France, Code Civil des Français, articles 3, 147.

France, Code Pénal, articles 433-20.

France, Loi no. 93-1/27 d4 24 août 1993 relative à la maîtrise de l'immigration et aux conditions d'entrée, d'accueil et de séjour des étrangers en France articles 15bis, 30 (Loi Pasqua).

Hong Kong, HLHK Criminal Law and Procedure 286 (15 February 2004) (Lexis).

Hong Kong, HLHK Family Law 2 (15 February 2004) (Lexis).

India, Indian Divorce Act, 1869, Law No. 4/1869. <http://helplinelaw.com/bareact/index.php?dsp=ind-divorce>. Accessed May 21, 2005.

India, Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Law No. 25/1955. <http://helplinelaw.com/bareact/index.php?dsp=hindu-marriage>. Accessed May 21, 2005.

India, Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936.<http://www.helplinelaw.com/bareact/ index.php?dsp=parsis-marriage>. Accessed May 21, 2005.

India, Penal Code, 1860. <http://www.helplinelaw.com/bareact/index.php?dsp=ind-penal-code>. Accessed May 21, 2005.

Indonesia, National Marriage Act, 1974 (Law No. 1/1974) reproduced in Mahmood (1995: 189-192).

Iraq, Law of Personal Status (Law No. 188/1959) reproduced in El Alami and Hinchcliffe (1996:  64-78).

Jordan, The Law of Family Rights (Law No. 61/1976) reproduced in El Alami and Hinchcliffe (1996: 79-114).

Libya, Law Concerning Specific Provisions on Marriage and Divorce and Their Consequences 1984, (no. 810/1984) reproduced in El Alami and Hinchcliffe: 1996: 181-195).

Madagascar, Criminal Code (1972). <http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/doc/html/mg/loi/fr/ 1972/1972dfmglg2.html#H_001>. Accessed May 26, 2005.

Morocco, Code of Personal Status, reproduced in El Alami and Hinchcliffe (1996: 198-213).

New Zealand, Crimes Act, 1961 (N.Z.), 1961/43, ss. 205-207.

New Zealand, Family Proceedings Act 1980 (N.Z.), 1980/94, ss. 2 and 31(1)(a)(i).

Pakistan-Bangladesh, Muslim Family Law Ordinance 1961, 1961/VIII. <http://www.vakilno1.com/ saarclaw/pakistan/muslim_family_laws_ordinance.htm>. Accessed May 24, 2005.

Philippines, Code of Muslim Personal Law 1974, Presidential Decree No. 1083, arts. 27, 53(e), 162, 180. <http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecreeno1083.htm>. Accessed May 26, 2005.

Philippines, Revised Penal Code, 1930, 1930/3815, art. 349. <http://www.chanrobles.com/ revisedpenalcodeofthephilippinesbook2.htm>. Accessed May 25, 2005.

Singapore, Administration of Muslim Law Act, 1996, ss. 49(f)(vi), 96(2). <http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?&actno=Reved-3&date=latest&method=part>. Accessed May 24, 2005.

South Africa, Recognition of Customary Marriages Act, 1998, No. 120 of 1998.

Spain, Codigo Civil, art. 12.3. <http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datas/Privado/cc.tp.html#c4>. Accessed May 21, 2005.

Sri Lanka, Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act 1951 (No. 6/1951) reproduced in Mahmood (1995: 234-240).

Syria, Law of Personal Status 1953, 1953/59, as am. by Law 1975/34, reproduced in El Alami and Hinchcliffe (1996: 215-237).

Tunisia, Code du statut personnel reproduced in El Alami and Hinchcliffe (1996: 239-247).

Turkey, Civil Code (1926) arts. 93 and 112, as rep. by Act No. 4721 of 22 November 2001 to approve the Civil Code, R.G., 8 December 2001, No. 24607, reproduced in Mahmood (1995: 217-218).

United Kingdom, Child Benefit (General) Regulations 2003, SI 493, s.35.

United Kingdom, Child Support, Pensions and Social Security Act 2000 Ch. 19, Sch. 1 (Eng.) s.10C.

United Kingdom, Immigration Act 1988, Ch. 14 (Eng.), s.2.

United Kingdom, Offences against the Person Act, 1861 Ch. 100 (Eng.), s.57.

United Kingdom, Matrimonial Causes Act, 1973, Ch. 18 (Eng.) ss. 11(b), 11(d), 47.

United Kingdom, Private International Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995, Ch. 42, (Eng.) ss. 5 and 7.

United Kingdom, Social Security (Breach of Community Order) Regulations 2001, SI 1395, s. 6.

United Kingdom, Social Security (Loss of Benefit) Regulations 2001 SI 4002, ss. 3A, 10(1)(a), 11(2)(b) and (e).

United Kingdom, State Pension Credit Act 2001, Ch. 16, s.12 (Eng.).

United Kingdom, State Pension Credit Regulations 2002, SI 1792, Sch. III.

Utah Const. arts. III and XI.

Utah, Child Bigamy Amendment, (2003) 76-7-101.5, Utah Code Annotated (1953).

Viet Nam, Loi sur la famille et le mariage de 2000, art. 2. <http://www.maisondudroit.org/ vanban_fr/F_LOI_VN_2000_MARIAGE_ET_FA.HTM>. Accessed May 26, 2005.

Yemen, Law of Personal Status, 1992 (Law No. 20/1992) reproduced in El Alami and Hinchcliffe (1996: 249-272).

JURISPRUDENCE

Ali v. Canada, [1998] F.C.J. No. 1640 (T.D.) (QL).

Awwad v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [1999] F.C.J. No. 103 (T.D.) (QL).

In re Bethell, [1887] 38 Ch. D. 220.

Bronson, Cook and Cook v. Swensen 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2374.

E.A. & A.A. v. The Netherlands (1992), Eur. Comm. H.R., Application No. 14501/89.

G.P. c. B.M. 2002 IIJCan 602 (QC C.S.).

Hassan v. Hassan (1975), 25 R.F.L. 138 (Ont. Prov. Ct. (Fam. Div.)).

Hussain v. Hussain, [1982] 1 All ER 369 (C.A.).

Hyde v. Hyde, [1866] 1 L.R.-P. & D. 130.

Re Immigration Act and Bains (1954), 109 C.C.C. 315.

Kaur v. Ginder, Ginder v. Kor (1958), 13 D.L.R. (2d) 465 (B.C. S.C.).

L.J. v. Ministre des relations avec les citoyens et de l'immigration (September 27, 2002), SAS-M-074138-0202 (Trib. Admin. Que.).

Lily Thomas v. Union of India & Ors and Other Appeals, [2000] 2 LRI 623 (Lexis).

Lim v. Lim (1948), 2 D.L.R. 353 (B.C. S.C.).

M & O.M. v. The Netherlands, Eur. Comm. H.R., Application No. 12139/86.

Re Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs; Ex parte Holland, 2001 Aust. High Ct Lexis 65.

Moge v. Moge, [1992] 3 S.C.R. 813.

The Queen v. Bear's Shin Bone (1899), 3 C.C.C. 329 (S.C. N.W.T. (S. Alta. Jud. Dist.)).

Quilter v. Attorney-General, (1997) [1998] 1 N.Z.L.R. 523, [1998] N.Z.F.L.R. 196 (C.A.).

Re Quon (1969), 4 D.L.R. (3d) 702 (Alta. S.C.).

R.B. v. United Kingdom, Application No. 19628/92, ECHR.

R. v. Moore, [2001] WL 596386 (Ont. C.J.) (WL).

R v. Moustafa, [1991] O.J. No. 835 (Prov. Div.) (QL).

R. v. Sauvé, [1997] A.J. No. 525 (Prov. Ct.) (QL).

R. v. Young, [1965] O.J. No. 498 (QL).

Re Immigration Act and Bains (1954), 109 C.C.C. 315.

Reaney v. Reaney, [1990] O.J. No. 1337 (S.C. (H.C.J.) (QL).

Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1878).

Sara v. Sara (1962), 31 D.L.R. (2d) 566 (B.C. S.C.); varied: (1962), 36 D.L.R. (2d) 499 (B.C. C.A.).

Tse v.  Minister of Employment and Immigration, [1983] 2 F.C. 309 (C.A.) (QL).

CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW): REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS

Angola: Combined Fourth and Fifth Periodic Reports of States Parties for Angola, June 8, 2004.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Armenia: Second Periodic Report of States Parties for Armenia, September 9, 1999.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Bangladesh: Combined Third and Fourth Periodic Reports of States Parties for Bangladesh, April 1, 1997. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Belarus: Combined Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Periodic Reports of States Parties for Belarus, December 19, 2002. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Belize: Combined Initial and Second Periodic Reports of States Parties for Belize, November 1, 1996. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Bhutan: Combined Initial, Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties for Bhutan, January 20, 2003. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Burkina Faso: Combined Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties for Burkina Faso, February 25, 1998.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Comments to the Second and Third Periodic Reports submitted by Burkina Faso. 2000. <http://www.hri.ca/fortherecord2000/documentation/genassembly/a-55-38.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Cameroon: Initial Report of States Parties for Cameroon, May 9, 1999. <http://www.un.org/ womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Cuba: Fourth Periodic Report of States Parties for Cuba, September 27, 1999. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Eritrea: Combined Initial and Second Periodic Reports of States Parties for Eritrea, February 3, 2004. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Gabon: Combined Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Periodic Reports of States Parties for Gabon, June 25, 2003.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Georgia: Initial Report of States Parties for Georgia, March 10, 1998. <http://www.un.org/ womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Guinea: Initial Report of States Parties for Guinea, March 6, 2001. <http://www.un.org/ womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

India: Initial Report of States Parties for India, March 10, 1999. <http://www.un.org/ womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Indonesia: Combined Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties for Indonesia, February 12, 1997. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Iraq: Combined Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties for Iraq, October 19, 1998. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Jordan: Second Periodic Report of States Parties for Jordan, October 26, 1999.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Kazakhstan: Initial Report of States Parties for Kazakhstan, October 12, 2000. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Kenya: Combined Third and Fourth Periodic Reports of States Parties for Kenya, February 14, 2000. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Combined Initial and Second Reports of States Parties for Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, October 4, 1993. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/ reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Second Periodic Report of States Parties for Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, March 15, 1999.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Madagascar: Initial Report of States Parties for Madagascar, November 11, 1993.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>.Accessed May 27, 2005.

Maldives: Initial Report of States Parties for Maldives, January 18, 1999.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Namibia: Initial Report of States Parties for Namibia, February 10, 1997. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Nepal: Initial Report of States Parties for Kingdom of Nepal, November 23, 1998.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Combined Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties for Kingdom of Nepal, April 7, 2003. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Nigeria: Combined Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties for Nigeria, February 27, 1997. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Combined Fourth and Fifth Periodic Reports of States Parties for Nigeria, April 28, 2003. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Paraquay: Combined Third and Fourth Periodic Reports of States Parties for Paraguay, February 11, 2004. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Samoa: Combined Initial, Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties to CEDAW, June 10, 2003 at 23, 91.

South Africa: Initial Report of States Parties for South Africa, February 25, 1998. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Suriname: Combined Initial and Second Periodic Reports of States Parties for Suriname, March 5, 2002. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Thailand: Combined Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties for Thailand, April 7, 1997. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Trinidad and Tobago: Initial Report of States Parties for Trinidad and Tobago, February 6, 2001. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.  

Uganda: Third Periodic Report of States Parties for Uganda, July 3, 2000. <http://www.un.org/ womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Uzbekistan: Initial Report of States Parties for Uzbekistan, February 2, 2000.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Viet Nam: Combined Third and Fourth Periodic Reports of States Parties for Viet Nam, October 20, 2000.  <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Zambia: Initial Report of States Parties for Zambia, August 12, 1999. <http://www.un.org/ womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Zimbabwe: Combined Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties for Zimbabwe, July 20, 1996. <http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reports.htm>. Accessed May 27, 2005.

Human Rights Reports

Bhutan: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 2005. “Bhutan: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2004.” February. <http://www.bhootan.org/ modules.php?op =modload&name=News&file=article&sid=401&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0>. Accessed May 26, 2005.

Gabon: United Nations Human Rights Committee. 2000. “Human Rights Committee Concludes Consideration of Report of Gabon.” Press release. October 27. <http://www.unhrc.ch/ huricane/huricane,nsf/0/2E89C6D8EC94C778C1256988002F86A5?opendocument.> Accessed August 12, 2005.

United Nations Information Service. 2005. “Women's Anti-Discrimination Committee Considers Situation of Women in Gabon: Members Commend Will to Overcome Obstacles, but Note Contradictions.” Press release. January 14. <http://www.unis.vienna.org/unis/ pressrels/2005/wom1476.html?print>. Accessed August 12, 2005.

Morocco: Human Rights Watch. 2001: “Morocco: Action Urged on Legal Code Reform: New Royal Commission Must Include Women's Rights Activists.” Human Rights Watch World Reports. March 20. <http://www.hrw.org/press/2001/03/morocco0320.htm>. Accessed May 24, 2005.

Nepal: Human Rights Watch World Report 2003: Nepal. <http://www.hrw.org/reports/ 2003/nepal0903/10.htm>. Accessed May 24, 2005.

Uganda: Human Rights Watch World Report 2003: Uganda. <http://www.hrw.org/ reports/2003/uganda0803/4.htm>. Accessed May 24, 2005.

Zambia: Human Rights Watch World Report 2003: Zambia. <http://www.hrw.org/reports/ 2003/zambia/zambia1202-06.htm>. Accessed May 24, 2005.

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El Alami, Dawoud and Doreen Hinchcliffe. 1996. Islamic Marriage and Divorce Laws of the Arab World. London: Kluwer Law International at 39-50.

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---. 2003a. “Intelligence and Family Marital Structure: The Case of Adolescents from Monogamous and Polygamous Families among Bedouin Arabs in Israel.” The Journal of Social Psychology. 143(1): 95-111.

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