| Table 2: Research and development expenditures as a percentage of total sales by brand-name drug companies, Canada and the United States, 1994 | |||
| % of sales revenue spent on research and development | |||
| In Canada, source of estimate | |||
| Type of research and development | PMAC | PMPRB* | In the United States# |
| Basic | 29.7 | 21.9 | 29.5 |
| Preclinical | 6.4 | 4.7 | 5.9 |
| Phase I to III | 38.3 | 51.4 | 27.5 |
| Phase IV | 6.5 | 6.8 | 5.3 |
| Other | 19.1 | 15.2 | 31.8 |
| *Patented Medicine Prices Review Board.
#PMAC analysis based on data supplied by Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. | |||