Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of migraine in clinical practice

 

References

  1. Stewart WF, Shechter A, Rasmussen BK. Migraine prevalence: a review of population-based studies. Neurology 1994;44(6 suppl 4):S17-S23.
  2. Celentano DD, Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Reed ML. Medication use and disability among migraineurs: a national probability sample. Headache 1992;32:237-8.
  3. Stewart WF, Lipton RB. Migraine headache: epidemiology and health care utilization. Cephalalgia 1993;13(suppl 12):41-6.
  4. De Lissvoy G, Lazarus SS. The economic cost of migraine: present state of knowledge. Neurology 1994;44(6 suppl 4):S56-S62.
  5. Edmeads J, Findlay H, Tugwell P, Pryse-Phillips W, Nelson RF, Murray TJ. Impact of migraine and tension-type headache on life-style, consulting behaviour, and medication use: a Canadian population survey. Can J Neurol Sci 1993;20:131-7.
  6. Stewart WF, Celentano DD, Linet MS. Disability, physician consultation and use of prescription medications in a population-based study of headache. Biomed Pharmacother 1989;43:711-8.
  7. Linet MS, Celentano DD, Stewart WF. Headache characteristics associated with physician consultation: a population-based survey. Am J Prev Med 1991;7:40-6.
  8. Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Celentano DD, Reed ML. Undiagnosed migraine: a comparison of symptom-based and physician diagnosis. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:1273-8.
  9. Headache Classification Committee, International Headache Society. Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Cephalalgia 1988;8(suppl 7):1-96.
  10. Ad Hoc Committee on Classification of Headache. Classification of headache. JAMA 1962;179:717-8.
  11. Merikangas KR, Dartigues JF, Whitaker A, Angst J. Diagnostic criteria for migraine: a validity study. Neurology 1994;44(6 suppl 4):S11-S16.
  12. National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine. Clinical practice guidelines; directions for a new program. Washington: National Academy Press; 1990.
  13. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. The periodic health examination: 2. 1987 update. CMAJ 1988;138:618-26.
  14. Blau JN. Towards a definition of migraine headache. Lancet 1984;1:444-5.
  15. Lance, JW, Anthony M. Some clinical aspects of migraine: a prospective study of 500 patients. Arch Neurol 1966;15:356-61.
  16. Oleson J. Some clinical features of the migraine attack: an analysis of 750 patients. Headache 1978;18:268-71.
  17. Friedman AP, Von Storch TJC, Merritt HH. Migraine and tension headache: a clinical study of two thousand cases. Neurology 1954;4:773-8.
  18. Messinger HB, Spierings ELH, Vincent AJP. Overlap of migraine and tension-type headache in the IHS classification. Cephalalgia 1991;11:233-7.
  19. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter: the electroencephalogram in the evaluation of headache [summary statement]. Neurology 1995;45:1411-3.
  20. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter: the utility of neuroimaging in the evaluation of headache in patients with normal neurological examinations [summary statement]. Neurology 1994;44:1353-4.
  21. Kovacs K, Bors L, Tothfalusi L, Jelencsik I, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigations in migraine. Cephalalgia 1989;9:53-7.
  22. Andersson PG, Hinge HH, Johansen O, et al. Double-blind study of naproxen vs placebo in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Cephalalgia 1989;9:29-32.
  23. Gawel MJ. The use of analgesics in headache. Headache Q 1990;1:3:209-15.
  24. Havanka-Kanniainen H. Treatment of acute migraine attack: Ibuprofen and placebo compared. Headache 1989;29:507-9.
  25. Kloster R, Nestvold K, Vilming ST. A double-blind study of ibuprofen versus placebo in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Cephalalgia 1992;12:169-71.
  26. Nestvold K, Kloster R, Partinen M, Sulkava R. Treatment of acute migraine: Naproxen and placebo compared. Headache Q 1985;1(3):211.
  27. Tokola RA, Kangasniemi P, Neuvonen PJ, et al. Tolfenamic acid, metoclopramide, caffeine and their combinations in the treatment of migraine attacks. Cephalalgia 1984;4:253-63.
  28. Hakkarainen H, Allonen H. Ergotamine vs metoclopramide vs their combination in acute migraine attacks. Headache 1982;22:10-2.
  29. Kangasniemi P, Kaaja R. Ketoprofen and ergotamine in acute migraine. J Intern Med 1992;231:551-4.
  30. Kinnunen E, Erkinjuntti T, Farkkila M, et al. Placebo-controlled double-blind trial of pirprofen and an ergotamine tartrate compound in migraine attacks. Cephalalgia 1988;8:175-9.
  31. Pradalier A, Rancurel G, Dordain G, et al. Acute migraine attack therapy: comparison of naproxen sodium and ergotamine tartrate compound. Cephalalgia 1985;5:107-13.
  32. Treves TA, Streiffler M, Korezyn AD. Naproxen sodium versus ergotamine tartrate in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Headache 1992;32(6):280-2.
  33. Gawel MJ, Szalai JF, Stiglick A, et al. Evaluation of analgesics in recurring headache compared to other clinical pain models. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;47(4):504-8.
  34. MacGregor EA, Wilkinson M, Bancroft K. Domperidone plus paracetamol in the treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia 1993;13:124-7.
  35. Tfelt-Hansen P, Olesen J. Effervescent metoclopramide and aspirin (Migravess) versus effervescent aspirin or placebo for migraine attacks: a double-blind study. Cephalalgia 1984;4:107-11.
  36. Peatfield RC, Petty RG, Clifford Rose F. Double blind comparison of mefenamic acid and acetaminophen (paracetamol) in migraine. Cephalalgia 1983;3:129-34.
  37. Goadsby PJ, Zagami AS, Donnan GA, et al. Oral sumatriptan in acute migraine. Lancet 1991;338:782-3.
  38. Gross ML, Kay J, Turner AM, et al. Sumatriptan in acute migraine using a novel cartridge system self-injector. Headache 1994;34(10):559-63.
  39. Nappi G, Sicuteri F, Byrne M, et al. Oral sumatriptan compared with placebo in the acute treatment of migraine. J Neurol 1994;241(3):138-44.
  40. Oral Sumatriptan and Aspirin plus Metoclopramide Comparative Study Group. A study to compare oral sumatriptan with oral aspirin plus oral metoclopramide in the acute treatment of migraine. Europ Neurol 1992;32:177-84.
  41. Akpunonu BE, Mutgi AB, Federman DJ, et al. Subcutaneous sumatriptan for treatment of acute migraine in patients admitted to the emergency department: a multicenter study. Ann Emerg Med 1995;25(4):464-9.
  42. Banerjee M, Findley LJ. Sumatriptan in the treatment of acute migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 1992;12:39-44.
  43. Cady RK, Wendt JK, Kirchner JR, et al. Treatment of acute migraine with subcutaneous sumatriptan. JAMA 1991;265:2831-5.
  44. Dahlof C, Edwards C, Toth A. Sumatriptan injection is superior to placebo in the acute treatment of migraine with regard to both efficacy and general well-being. Cephalalgia 1992;12:214-20.
  45. Henry P, d'Allens H. Subcutaneous sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine in patients using dihydroergotamine as prophylaxis. Headache 1993;33(8):432-5.
  46. Subcutaneous Sumatriptan International Study Group. Treatment of migraine attacks with sumatriptan. N Engl J Med 1991;325:316-21.
  47. Winner P, Ricalde O, Le Fortce B, Saper J, Margul B. A double blind study of subcutaneous dihydroergotamine vs subcutaneous sumatriptan in the treatment of acute migraine. Arch Neurol 1996;53:180-4.
  48. Scherl ER, Wilson JF. Comparison of dihydroergotamine with metoclopramide versus meperidine with promethazine in the treatment of acute migraine. Headache 1995;35:256-9.
  49. Callaham M, Raskin N. A controlled study of dihydroergotamine in the treatment of acute migraine headache. Headache 1986;26:168-71.
  50. Weisz MA, el-Raheb M, Blumenthal HJ. Home administration of intramuscular DHE for the treatment of acute migraine headache. Headache 1994;34:371-3.
  51. Winner P, Dalessio D, Mathew N, et al. Office-based treatment of acute migraine with dihydroergotamine mesylate. Headache 1993;33:471-5.
  52. Winner P, Dalessio D, Mathew N, et al. Concomitant administration of antiemetics is not necessary with intramuscular dihydroergotamine. Am J Emerg Med 1994;12:138-41.
  53. Dahlof C. Placebo controlled trials with ergotamine in the acute treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia 1993;13:166-71.
  54. Lane PL, McLellan BA, Baggoley CJ. Comparative efficacy of chlorpromazine and meperidine with dimenhydrinate in migraine headache. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18(4):360-5.
  55. Jones EB, Gonzalez ER, Boggs JG, et al. Safety and efficacy of rectal prochlorperazine for the treatment of migraine in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1994;24(2):237-41.
  56. Davis CP, Torre PR, Schafer NC, et al. Ketorolac as a rapid and effective treatment of migraine headache: evaluations by patients. Am J Emerg Med 1993;11:573-5.
  57. Duarte C, Dunaway F, Turner L, et al. Ketorolac versus meperidine and hydroxyzine in the treatment of acute migraine headache: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21(9):1116-21.
  58. Larkin GL, Prescott JE. A randomized, double-blind, comparative study of the efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine versus meperidine in the treatment of severe migraine. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21(8):919-24.
  59. Turkewitz LJ, Casaly JS, Dawson GA, Wirth O, Hurst RJ, Gillette PL. Self-administration of parenteral ketorolac tromethamine for head pain. Headache 1992;32:452-4.
  60. Elenbaas RM, Iacono CU, Koellner KJ, et al. Dose effectiveness and safety of butorphanol in acute migraine headache. Pharmacotherapy 1991;11(1):56-63.
  61. Hoffert MJ, Couch JR, Diamond S, et al. Transnasal butorphanol in the treatment of acute migraine. Headache 1995;35:65-9.
  62. Stiell IG, Dufour DG, Moher D, et al. Methotrimeprazine versus meperidine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of severe migraine: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med 1991;20(11):57-61.
  63. Saper JR, Silberstein S, Gordon CD, et al. Handbook of headache management. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1993.
  64. Stewart Johnson E, Tfelt-Hansen P. Non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs. In: Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA, editors. The headaches. New York: Raven Press; 1993:391-5.
  65. Bates D, Ashford E, Dawson R. Subcutaneous sumatriptan during the migraine aura. Neurology 1994;44:158792.
  66. Kubacka RT. Practical approaches to the management of migraine. Am Pharm 1994;NS34:34-44.
  67. Simmons VE, Blakeborough P. The safety profile of sumatriptan. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1994;5:319-28.
  68. Mathew NT. Chronic daily headache: clinical features and natural history. In: Nappi G, et al, editors. Headache and depression: serotonin pathways as a common clue. New York: Raven Press; 1991:49-58.
  69. Coppola M, Yealy, DM, Laibold, RA. Randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of prochlorperazine versus metoclopramide for emergency department treatment of migraine headaches. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26:541-6.
  70. Gallagher RM. Emergency treatment of intractable migraine. Headache 1986;26:74-5.
  71. Saadah HA. Abortive headache therapy in the office with intravenous dihydroergotamine plus prochlorperazine. Headache 1992;32:143-6.
  72. Jones J, Sklar D, Dougherty J, White W. Randomized double-blind trial of intravenous prochlorperazine for the treatment of acute headache. JAMA 1989;24;261:1174-6.
  73. Lane PL, Ross R. Intravenous chlorpromazine -- preliminary results in acute migraine. Headache 1985;25:302-4.
  74. Edmeads J. Emergency management of headache. Headache 1988;28:675-9.
  75. Maizels M, Scott B, Cohen W, Chen W. Intranasal lidocaine for treatment of migraine: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. JAMA 1996;276:319-21.
  76. Al-Qassab HK, Findley LJ. Comparison of propranolol LA 80 mg and propranolol LA 160 mg in migraine prophylaxis: a placebo controlled study. Cephalalgia 1993;13:128-31.
  77. Briggs RS, Millac PA. Timolol in migraine prophylaxis. Headache 1979;19:379-81.
  78. Diamond S, Kudrow L, Stevens J, Shapiro DB. Long-term study of propranolol in the treatment of migraine. Headache 1982;22:268-71.
  79. Johannsson V, Nilsson LR, Widelius T, Javerfalk T, Heilman P, et al. Atenolol in migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind cross-over multicentre study. Headache 1987;27:372-4.
  80. Kuritzky A, Hering R. Prophylactic treatment of migraine with long acting propranolol: a comparison with placebo. Cephalalgia 1987;7(suppl 6):457-8.
  81. Pradalier A, Serratrice G, Collard M, Hirsch E, Feve J, et al. Double-blind placebo controlled study of the use of long-acting propranolol in migraine prophylaxis. Cephalalgia 1989;(9 suppl 10):367-8.
  82. Ryan Sr RE, Ryan Jr RE, Sudilovsky A. Nadolol: its use in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Headache 1983;23:26-31.
  83. Stellar S, Ahrens SP, Meibohm AR, Reines SA. Migraine prevention with timolol. JAMA 1984;252:2576-9.
  84. Stensrud P, Sjaastad O. Comparative trial of tenormin (atenolol) and inderal (propranolol) in migraine. Headache 1980;20:204-7.
  85. Weber RB, Reinmuth OM. The treatment of migraine with propranolol. Neurology 1972;22:366-9.
  86. Wideroe T, Vigander T. Propranolol in the treatment of migraine. BMJ 1974;2:699-701.
  87. Albers GW, Simon LT, Hamik A, Peroutka SJ. Nifedipine versus propranolol for the initial prophylaxis of migraine. Headache 1989;29:214-7.
  88. Gawel MJ, Kreeft J, Nelson RF, Simard D, Arnott WS. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of flunarizine to propranolol in the prophylaxis of migraine. Can J Neurol Sci 1992;19:340-5.
  89. Gerber WD, Diener HC, Scholz E, Niederberger U. Responders and non-responders to metoprolol, propranolol and nifedipine treatment in migraine prophylaxis: a dose-range study based on time-series analysis. Cephalalgia 1991;11:37-45.
  90. Grotemeyer KH, Schlake HP, Husstedt IW, Rolf LH. Metoprolol versus flunarizine: a double-blind cross-over study. Cephalalgia 1987;(7 suppl 6):465-6.
  91. Johnson RH, Hornabrook RW, Lambie DG. Comparison of mefenamic acid and propranolol with placebo in migraine prophylaxis. Acta Neurol Scand 1986;73:490-2.
  92. Soelberg Sorensen P, Larsen BH, Rasmussen MJK, Kinge E, Iversen H, et al. Flunarizine versus metoprolol in migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind, randomized parallel group study of efficacy and tolerability. Headache 1991;31:650-7.
  93. Wober C, Wober-Bingol C, Koch G, Wessely P. Long-term results of migraine prophylaxis with flunarizine and beta-blockers. Cephalalgia 1991;11:251-6.
  94. Markley HG. Verapamil and migraine prophylaxis: mechanisms and efficacy. Am J Med 1991;90(suppl 5A):48S-53S.
  95. Amery WK, Caiers LI, Aerts TJ. Flunarizine, a calcium entry blocker in migraine prophylaxis. Headache 1985;25:249-54.
  96. Havanka-Kanniainen H, Hokkanen E, Myllyla VV. Efficacy of nimodipine in the prophylaxis of migraine. Cephalalgia 1985;5:39-43.
  97. Lamsudin R, Sadjimin T. Comparison of the efficacy between flunarizine and nifedipine in the prophylaxis of migraine. Headache 1993;33:335-8.
  98. Markely HG, Cheronis JCD, Piepho RW. Verapamil in prophylactic therapy of migraine. Neurology 1984;34:973-6.
  99. McArthur JC, Marek K, Pestronk A, McArthur J, Peroutka SJ. Nifedipine in the prophylaxis of classic migraine: a crossover, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of headache frequency and side effects. Neurology 1989;39:284-6.
  100. Meyer JS, Hardenberg J. Clinical effectiveness of calcium entry blockers in prophylactic treatment of migraine and cluster headache. Headache 1983;23:266-77.
  101. Solomon GD, Steel JG, Spaccavento LJ. Verapamil prophylaxis of migraine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. JAMA 1983;250:2500-2.
  102. Stewart DJ, Gelston A, Hakim A. Effect of prophylactic administration of nimodipine in patients with migraine. Headache 1988;28:260-2.
  103. Thomas M, Behari M, Ahuja GK. Flunarizine in migraine prophylaxis: an Indian Trial. Headache 1991;31:613-5.
  104. Wober C, Brucke T, Wober-Bingol C, Asenbaum S, Wessely P, Podreka I. Dopamine D2 receptor blockade and antimigraine action of flunarizine. Cephalalgia 1994;14:235-40.
  105. Capildeo R, Rose FC. Single-dose pizotifen, 1.5 mg nocte: a new approach in the prophylaxis of migraine. Headache 1982;22:272-5.
  106. Lawrence ER, Hossain M, Littlestone W. Sandomigran for migraine prophylaxis, controlled multicenter trial in general practice. Headache 1977;17:109-12.
  107. Lance JW, Anthony M, Somerville B. Comparative trial of serotonin antagonists in the management of migraine. BMJ 1970;2:237-330.
  108. Drummond PD. Effectiveness of methysergide in relation to clinical features of migraine. Headache 1985;5:145-6.
  109. Elkind A, Friedman AP, Bachman A, Siegelman SS, Sacks OW. Silent retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with methysergide therapy. JAMA 1968;206:1041-4.
  110. Lance JW, Curran DA, Anthony M. Investigations into the mechanism and treatment of chronic headache. Med J Aust 1965;2(22):909-14.
  111. Seymour R. Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with methysergide therapy for migraine. Med J Aust 1968;1:59-60.
  112. Steardo L, Marano E, Barone P, Denman DW, Monteleone P, Cardone G. Prophylaxis of migraine attacks with a calcium-channel blocker: flunarizine versus methysergide. J Clin Pharmacol 1986;26(7):524-8.
  113. Forssman B, Henriksson KG, Kihlstrand S. A comparison between BC 105 and methysergide in the prophylaxis of migraine. Acta Neurol Scand 1972;48(2):204-12.
  114. Presthus J. BC 105 and methysergide in migraine prophylaxis. Acta Neurol Scand 1971;47(4):514-8.
  115. Ryan RE. Double-blind crossover comparison of BC-105, methysergide and placebo in the prophylaxis of migraine headache. Headache 1968;8(3):118-26.
  116. Pedersen E, Moller CE. Methysergide in migraine prophylaxis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1966;7(4):520-6.
  117. Herrmann WM, Horowski R, Dannehl K, et al. Clinical effectiveness of lisuride hydrogen maleate: a double blind trial versus methysergide. Headache 1977;17(2):54-60.
  118. Bank J. A comparative study of amitriptyline and fluvoxamine in migraine prophylaxis. Headache 1994;34:476-8.
  119. Couch JR, Hassanein RS. Amitriptyline in migraine prophylaxis. Arch Neurol 1979;36:695-9.
  120. Hering R, Kuritzky A. Sodium valproate in the prophylactic treatment of migraine: a double-blind study versus placebo. Cephalalgia 1992;12:81-4.
  121. Jensen R, Brinck, T, Olesen J. Sodium valproate has a prophylactic effect in migraine without aura. Neurology 1994;44:647-51.
  122. Jensen R, Brinck T, Olesen J. Prophylactic effect of sodium valproate in migraine without aura: a double blind, placebo- and dose-controlled study [abstract]. Cephalalgia 1993;13(13):193.
  123. Mathew NT, Saper JR, Silberstein SD, Rankin L, Markley HG, et al. Migraine prophylaxis with divalproex. Arch Neurol 1995;52:281-6.
  124. Sianard-Gainko J, Lenaerts M, Bastings E, Schoenen J. Sodium valproate in severe migraine and tension-type headache: Clinical efficacy and correlations with blood levels [abstract]. Cephalalgia 1993;13(13):252.
  125. Silberstein SD, Saper JR, Mathew NT. The safety and efficacy of divalproate sodium in the prophylaxis of migraine headache: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [abstract]. Headache 1993;33:264-5.
  126. Sorensen KV. Valproate: a new drug in migraine prophylaxis. Acta Neurol Scand 1988;78:346-8.
  127. Anthony M, Lance JW. Indomethacin in migraine. Med J Aust 1968;1:56-7.
  128. Mikkelsen BM, Falk JV. Prophylactic treatment of migraine with tolfenamic acid: a comparative double blind crossover study between tolfenamic acid and placebo. Acta Neurol Scand 1982;66:105-11.
  129. Pradalier A, Clapin A, Dry J. Treatment review: non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment and long-term prevention of migraine attacks. Headache 1988;28:550-7.
  130. Stensrud P, Sjaastad O. Clinical trial of a new anti-bradykinin, anti-inflammatory drug, ketoprofen (19.583 R.P.) in migraine prophylaxis. Headache 1974;14:96-100.
  131. Welch KMA, Ellis DJ, Keenan PA. Successful migraine prophylaxis with naproxen sodium. Neurology 1985;35:1304-10.
  132. Raskin NH, Schwartz RK. Interval therapy of migraine: long-term results. Headache 1980;20:336-40.
  133. Purdy RA. Headache in adults. In: Patterson C, editor. Therapeutic choices. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmaceutical Association; 1995:87-94.
  134. Raskin NH. Acute and prophylactic treatment of migraine: Practical approaches and pharmacologic rationale. Neurology 1993;43(6 suppl 3):S39-S42.
  135. Silberstein SD, Lipton RB. Overview of diagnosis and treatment of migraine. Neurology 1994;44(10 suppl 7):S6-S16.
  136. Welch KMA. Drug therapy of migraine. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1476-83.
  137. Worthington I. Current migraine therapy. Can J Clin Pharmacol 1996;36(1):39-51.
  138. Drugs for migraine. Med Lett 1995;37(943):17-20.
  139. Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA, editors. The headaches. New York: Raven Press; 1993.
  140. Purdy RA. In: Edmeads J, editor. Migraine: a handbook for pharmacists. Toronto: Grosvenor House Press; 1992.
  141. Raskin NH. Headache. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1988.
  142. Couch JR, Ziegler DK, Hassanein RS. Evaluation of the relationship between migraine headaches and depression. Headache 1975;15:41-50.
  143. Diamond S, Solomon GD, Freitag FG, Mehta N. Selection of patients: critical aspects. Neuroepidemiology 1987;6:172-7.
  144. Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA. General principles of pharmacological treatment. In: Olsen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA, editors. The headaches. New York: Raven Press; 1993:299-303.
  145. Diener HC. A review of current treatments for migraine. Eur Neurol 1994;34(suppl 2):18-25.
  146. Tfelt-Hansen P, Shanks RG. ß-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs. In: Olesen J. Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA, editors. The headaches. New York: Raven Press; 1993:363-71.
  147. Hardman JG, Limberd LE, editors. Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1996.
  148. Fullerton T. Recent advances in the understanding and treatment of migraine. Pharmacy Pract 1993;6:53-270.
  149. Lance JW. Treatment of migraine. Lancet 1992;339:1207-9.
  150. Todas N, Tfelt-Hansen P. Calcium antagonists. In: Olsen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA, editors. The headaches. New York: Raven Press; 1993:383-90.
  151. Spight TM, Avery GS. Pizotifen (BC 105): a review of its pharmacological properties and its therapeutic efficacy in vascular headaches. Drugs 1992;3:159-203.
  152. Tfelt-Hansen P, Saxena PR. Antiserotonin drugs. In: Olsen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA, editors. The headaches. New York: Raven Press; 1993:373-82.
  153. Mylecharane EJ, Tfelt-Hansen P. Miscellaneous drugs. In: Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA, editors. The headaches. New York: Raven Press; 1993:397-402.
  154. Saper JR, Silberstein JD, Lake AE, Winters ME. Double blind trial of fluoxetine: chronic daily headache and migraine. Headache 1994;34:497-502.
  155. Adly C, Straumanes J, Chesson A. Fluoxetine prophylaxis of migraine. Headache 1992;32:101-4.
  156. Goulden KJ, Dooley JM, Camfield PR, Fraser AD. Clinical valproate toxicity induced by acetylsalicylic acid. Neurology 1987;37:1392.
  157. Gunthrie SK, Sroysich AM, Bader G, Hilleman DE. Hypothesized interaction between valproic acid and warfarin. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;15:138.
  158. Silberstein SD. Divalproex sodium in headache: literature review and clinical guidelines. Headache 1996;36:547-55.
  159. Sance G, Martignoni E, Fioroni L, et al. Naproxen sodium in menstrual migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Headache 1990;30:705-9.
  160. Szekely B, Merryman S, Croft H, Post G. Prophylactic effects of naproxen sodium on perimenstrual headache: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia 1989;9(suppl 10):452-3.

[Return to text]


| CMAJ May 1, 1997 (vol 156, no 9) / JAMC le 1er mai 1997 (vol 156, no 9) |