Prostate cancer: 3. Individual risk factors
| Appendix 1: Studies of dietary fat and prostate cancer | ||||||
| No. of subjects | ||||||
| Place of study | Diagnosis period | Type of study | Cases | Controls | Source of fat (intake) | Summary RR (and 95% CI) in highest exposure group |
| Japan19 | 1966–1975 | Cohort | 63 | Meat | 0.9 (NS) | |
| New York20 | 1957–1965 | Case–control | 311 | 294 | Total fat | 2.04 (CI not given, p < 0.05) |
| Kyoto, Japan21 | 1981–1984 | Case–control | 100 | 100 | Total fat | 1.33 (NS, p > 0.05) |
| Washington, DC22 | 1982–1984 | Case–control | 55 | 55 | Total fat | No difference, RR not given |
| California23 | 1977–1980 | Case–control | 142 | 142 | Total fat | 1.9 (CI not given, p < 0.05) |
| Hawaii24 | 1977–1983 | Case–control | 452 | 899 | Saturated fat | 1.70 (1.0–2.8) |
| New York25 | 1982–1988 | Case–control | 371 | 371 | Annual fat | 1.26 (0.76–2.07) |
| Hawaii26 | 1965–1986 | Cohort | 174 | – | Saturated fat | 1.00 (0.75–1.60) |
| California27 | 1976–1982 | Cohort | 180 | – | Beef | 1.21 (0.83–1.75) |
| Minnesota28 | 1966–1986 | Cohort | 149 | – | Meat | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
| Utah29 | 1984–1985 | Case–control | 358 | 679 | Total fat | Aggressive cases 2.9 (1.0–8.4) |
| US30 | 1986–1990 | Cohort | 300 | – | Total fat Red meat |
Advanced cases 1.79 (1.04–3.07) Advanced cases 2.6 (1.21–5.77) |
| Sweden31 | 1989–1992 | Case–control | 256 | 252 | Total fat | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) |
| US and Canada32 | 1987–1991 | Case–control | 1655 | 1645 | Saturated fat | Aggressive cases 2.8 (1.5–5.2) |
| Ontario33 | 1990–1992 | Case–control | 207 | 207 | Total fat | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) |
| Serbia34 | 1990–1994 | Case–control | 101 | 202 | Total fat | 1.95 (0.68–5.57) |
| Note: RR = relative risk, CI = confidence interval, NS = not significant. | ||||||
