File Format Instructions

CAPTIONS for FIGURES, TABLES, and APPENDIXES

Each figure, plate, table, or appendix should be a separate file. The caption should be set in NORMAL type and placed at the top of the file. Each caption should start with FIGURE (or PLATE, TABLE, or APPENDIX), followed by a numeral and period.

SAMPLE: FIGURE 1. Etc.

FIGURE COLOR

Color can be used without additional charge in Figures. The use of color is highly recommended to highlight information within the figure, and to display the plate image.

Because many of these images will be printed by the reader, the background should be white for Figures and could be either white or black for photographic Figures. Prior to submission, the author should print all figures, whether color or black and white, to check how the image appears when viewed on paper instead of on screen.

If color tone is important, the author should work with a color calibrated monitor and a grayscale bar should be included as part of the image so that the reader can calibrate to that scale.

FIGURE FILES

All figures must be saved to EPS format (unless specific to electronic publication such as JAVA or QuickTime). The required DPI is 300. This is needed for final publication on CD-ROM. The files will be presented at a lower resolution for faster access in the WWW publication, and will also be downsized to create thumbnails.

Follow ISO 9660 file name constraints (see FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS).

Background for figures should be white to improve printing.

FIGURE SIZE

The maximum image must be created at 300 DPI or greater. Single column illustrations should be planned for a width of 9 cm or 4 inches, or in a ratio conveniently reduced to this size. The size of letters, numbers and symbols should be chosen with the final reduction in mind, as should magnification information in the caption.

If a JPG or GIF file is submitted, it should be about 640 by 400 pixels (the size of an average screen) and 150 dpi.

FILE FORMATS

Text files: Electronic text files submitted in MS-Word or WordPerfect wordprocessor formats (for either DOS-based or Apple Macintosh platforms) are preferred. If you cannot produce text files in one of these formats contact one of the executive editors for alternatives.

Graphic files: Figures should be formatted as EPS files with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

Table files: Tables should be submitted as MS-Excel, tab-delimited text, or HTML files for either DOS-based or Apple Macintosh platforms.

FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS

All material submitted to PE must meet the following electronic-submission requirements. All electronic material is based on the ISO 9660 constraints. The ISO 9660 system places limitations on the use of operating-system features like directory structures, file names, and file attributes. These constraints can create problems for applications that require deeply nested directory structures, contain hard-coded file names, or make extensive use of file attributes.

Capital letters A–Z
digits 0–9
underscore _
period .
semicolon ;
Maximum directory level depth: 8
File names: 8 characters
File extensions: 3 characters
Directory names, 8 characters (no extensions)

CODING FOR HTML SYMBOLS

Superscript coding <sup>superscripts</sup>
Subscript coding <sub>subscripts</sub>

If there is no HTML character for the desired symbol, spell out the symbol. The delta symbol should be presented as the word: delta. This is a limitation of the HTML language, and will, no doubt, be resolved in the future.

Use the Decimal ASCII Equivalent preceded by &# and followed by a semicolon. There are no spaces inbetween characters. The following list shows spaces in order for coding to appear onscreen.

Commonly used characters

Symbol	Character as it appears	Coding
degree	°	&# 176 ;
plus or minus	±	&# 177 ;
multiplication symbol	×	&# 215 ;
division symbol	÷	&# 247 ;
acute sign	´	&# 180 ;
micro sign	µ	&# 181 ;
middle dot	·	&# 182 ;
fraction one-fourth	¼	&# 188 ;
fraction one-half	½	&# 189 ;
fraction three-fourths	¾	&# 190 ;
copyright	©	&# 169 ;
trademark	™	&# 153 ;
registered	®	&# 174 ;

For other symbols go to Latin character set.

If there are other symbols that should be included, please send a message, with the symbol name and coding, to Jennifer Rumford.

REFERENCE SITES

Association of Earth Science Editors:
In search of freelance editor or information about earth science editing?
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/AESE

Earth Sciences Resources:
Journals, software, and other resources.
http://www-vl-es.geo.ucalgary.ca/VL/html/es-resources.html

Electronic Journals and Newsletters:
An Internet list for new journals and newsletters available on the Internet.
http://gort.ucsd.edu/newjour/

Grammar & Style Notes:
A miscellany of grammatical rules and explanations, comments on style, and suggestions on usage.
http://www.english.upenn.edu/%7Ejlynch/grammar.html

IEEE Style Sheet:
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
http://stdsbbs.ieee.org/development/styleman/body2.html#annexa

Maps, Atlases, More Dictionaries, Glossaries, Bibliographies & other helpful references:
A compilation of Internet/WWW sites is intended to be an introductory guide to some of the map and reference resources available via the World Wide Web.
http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/servers/servers_references.html

Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th edition:
http://www.m-w.com

On Line English Grammar:
An on-line grammar.
http://www.edunet.com/english/grammar/index.html

WWW - Killer Sites:
Site for Creating Killer Web Sites: The Art of Third-Generation Site Design
http://www.killersites.com/