SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Suprageneric classification follows that of Loeblich and Tappan (1987). Illustrated specimens are housed in the micropaleontological collections of the Geological Survey of Canada. Detailed locations of sample localities described in the occurrence section of each description are found in Table 1.

ORDER FORAMINIFERIDA Eichwald 1830
Superfamily ASTRORHIZACEA Brady 1881
Family BATHYSIPHONIDAE Avnimelech 1952
GENUS Bathysiphon Sars 1872
Bathysiphon brosgei Tappan 1957
Figures 4.1-4.2

1957 Bathysiphon brosgei Tappan, p. 202, pl. 65, figs. 1-5.
1962 Bathysiphon brosgei Tappan; Tappan, p. 128, pl. 29, figs. 1-5.
1972 Bathysiphon brosgei Tappan; Hanzlíková, p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 12.
1981 Bathysiphon brosgei Tappan; McNeil and Caldwell, 129, pl. 9, fig. 1.

Description: Test free, elongate, an uncompressed tubular chamber open at both ends; circular in cross-section; surface finely to coarsely agglutinated and roughly finished; aperture at open end of tubular chamber; other end infilled with detritus.

Discussion: Some of Tappan's (1957) specimens had transverse growth constrictions, but these were not observed in the Queen Charlotte Islands specimens.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island; Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Stations 1-4 (Figure 3.3).

Bathysiphon vitta Nauss 1947
Figures 4.3-4.6

1947 Bathysiphon vitta Nauss, p. 334, pl. 48, fig. 4.
1962 Bathysiphon vitta Nauss; Tappan, p. 128-129, pl. 29, figs. 6-8.
1972 Bathysiphon vitta Nauss; Hanzlíková, p. 32, pl. 2, figs. 4-5.
1981 Bathysiphon vitta Nauss; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 129-130, pl. 9, fig. 2.

Description: Test free, large (0.8 mm-2.0 mm), elongate, a compressed tubular chamber; elliptical in cross-section, lateral edges rounded; surface finely agglutinated and smooth, with many growth constrictions; aperture at open end of tube, the other end infilled with detritus.

Discussion: Distinguished from B. brosgei by being smoothly finished, much larger in size, and almost always compressed.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 2-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 2 (Figure 3.3).

Superfamily HYPERAMMINACEA Eimer and Fickert 1899
Family HYPERAMMINOIDIDAE Loeblich and Tappan 1984
GENUS Hippocrepina Parker, in Dawson 1870
Hippocrepina barksdalei (Tappan 1957)
Figures 4.7-4.8

1957 Hyperamminoides barksdalei Tappan, p. 202-203, pl. 65, figs. 6-10.
1962 Hyperamminoides barksdalei Tappan; Tappan, p. 129-130, pl. 29, figs. 21-27.
1999 Hippocrepina barksdalei (Tappan); Stritch and Schröder-Adams, p. 1622, pl. 1, figs. 12, 15.

Description: Test free, flat, elongate, highly variable, single tubular chamber, usually widest in the middle of the chamber; wall very finely agglutinated and finely finished; aperture at open, more constricted end of the chamber.

Occurrence: Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 5 (Figure 3.2).

Suborder TEXTULARIINA Delage and Hérouard 1896
Superfamily AMMODISCACEA Reuss 1862
Family AMMODISCIDAE Reuss 1862
Subfamily AMMODISCIDAE Reuss 1862
GENUS Ammodiscus Reuss 1862
Ammodiscus kiowensis Loeblich and Tappan 1950
Figures 4.9 – 4.10

1950 Ammodiscus kiowensis Loeblich and Tappan, p. 5-6, pl. 1, fig. 3.
1975 Ammodiscus kiowensis Loeblich and Tappan; North and Caldwell, pl. 1, fig. 7.
1981 Ammodiscus kiowensis Loeblich and Tappan; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 136, pl. 9, fig. 14.

Description: Test free, discoidal, planispiral; small proloculus; second chamber with transverse growth constrictions, an undivided tube that gradually enlarges, with a slight overlap between whorls, about 6-8 per specimen; surface finely agglutinated and smooth; terminal aperture.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Albian, Beresford Bay Station 5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 6 (Figure 3.2).

Ammodiscus pennyi Cushman and Jarvis 1928
Figures 4.11-4.16

1928 Ammodiscus pennyi Cushman and Jarvis, p. 87, pl. 12, figs. 4-5.
1960 Glomospira reata Eicher, p. 56-57, pl. 3, figs. 4-5.

Description: Test free, large, discoidal and planispiral; periphery rounded; chamber an undivided tube that gradually enlarges, slightly irregular coiling with some coils overlapping with the previous; approximately three whorls per specimen; surface finely agglutinated and smooth; wall thick; terminal aperture semicircular.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1).; Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 5-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 2 (Figure 3.3).

Ammodiscus rotalarius Loeblich and Tappan 1949
Figures 4.17-4.18

1949 Ammodiscus rotalarius Loeblich and Tappan, p. 247, pl. 46, fig. 1.
1962 Ammodiscus rotalarius Loeblich and Tappan; Tappan, p 131-132, pl. 30, figs. 5-8.
1980 Ammodiscus rotalarius Loeblich and Tappan; Sliter, p. 372-373, pl. 1, fig. 8.
1981 Ammodiscus rotalarius Loeblich and Tappan; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 136-137, pl. 9, fig. 15.

Description: Test free, discoidal, planispiral, with regular coiling; chamber an undivided tube that gradually enlarges in width and in thickness, with an even amount of overlap between whorls, about 7-11 whorls per specimen; surface smooth, very finely agglutinated with considerable cement, almost appearing calcareous; terminal aperture.

Discussion: Distinguished from A. kiowensis by relatively smaller size, greater amount of cement, and absence of lateral growth constrictions.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 4-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 3-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Stations 1-4 (Figure 3.3).

Subfamily AMMOVERTELLININAE Saidova 1981
GENUS Glomospira Rzehak 1885
Glomospira charoides (Jones and Parker 1860)
Figures 4.19-4.22

1896 Ammodiscus charoides (Jones and Parker); Grzybowski, p. 61, pl. 8, figs. 39-43.
1928 Glomospira corona Cushman and Jarvis, p. 89, pl. 12, figs. 9-11.
1962 Glomospira corona Cushman and Jarvis; Tappan, p. 130, pl. 29, figs. 13-16.
1973 Glomospira charoides (Jones and Parker 1860); Krasheninnikov, p. 211-212, pl. 3, fig. 5.
1981 Glomospira corona Cushman and Jarvis; McLean and Wall, p. 368-369, pl. 8, figs. 4-5.
1981 Glomospira corona Cushman and Jarvis; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 137, pl. 9, figs.16-17.
1987 Repmanina squamata (Jones and Parker 1860) Loeblich and Tappan, p. 52, pl. 39, figs. 24-26.
1988 Glomospira charoides (Jones and Parker 1860); Kaminski and others, p. 185, pl. 3, fig. 15.

Description: Test free, tightly wound globular spiral, highly variable morphologically; undivided second chamber, with perhaps a small proloculus at the centre which is masked; end of second chamber less tightly wound at one pole giving the appearance of a crown; sutures distinct and depressed; surface finely agglutinated and smooth; aperture at open end of the tube.

Discussion: Many disparate specimens of the genus Glomospira have been placed in either G. charoides (Jones and Parker 1860), G. corona, or G. gordialis. These species, with numerous variations, have been recorded as ranging from the Carboniferous to the Recent (see references listed in the synonymy above). That it is unlikely for a single species to have existed since the Carboniferous until today is an understatement, even for a benthic foraminifer. The many cited variations are thus probably individual convergent species.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 3-7 (Figure 3.2).

Superfamily RZEHAKINACEA Cushman 1933
Family RZEHAKINIDAE Cushman 1933
GENUS Miliammina Heron-Allen and Earland 1930
Miliammina ischnia Tappan 1957
Figures 4.23-4.24

1957 Miliammina ischnia Tappan, p. 211, pl. 67, figs. 25-26.
1962 Miliammina ischnia Tappan; Tappan, p. 160, pl. 37, figs. 1-5.

Description: Test free, planispiral, sides parallel in the middle of the test, gently curved around the poles; chambers long and narrow, a half whorl in length, circular cross-section; sutures distinct and depressed; wall moderately to coarsely agglutinated; aperture at the end of the final chamber.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 7 (Figure 3.2).

Miliammina manitobensis Wickenden 1932
Figures 5.1-5.4

1932 Miliammina manitobensis Wickenden, p. 90, pl. 1, fig. 11.
1946 Miliammina manitobensis Wickenden 1932; Cushman, p. 48, pl. 14, figs. 4-6.
1981 Miliammina manitobensis Wickenden; McLean and Wall, p. 364-365, pl. 7, figs. 2-3.
1981 Miliammina manitobensis Wickenden 1932; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 143-144, pl. 10, figs. 9-14.

Description: Test free, ovate, quinqueloculine; chambers long and relatively thick, a half a coil in length, circular cross-section; sutures distinct and depressed; wall finely agglutinated; aperture at the end of the final chamber, on a very short neck parallel to the axis of the test.

Occurrence: Upper Albian-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 1-4, 5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Onward Point Station 3 (Figure 3.3).

GENUS Psamminopelta Tappan 1957
Psamminopelta subcircularis Tappan 1957
Figures 5.5-5.6

1957 Psamminopelta subcircularis Tappan, p. 213, pl. 67, figs. 8-10.
1962 Psamminopelta subcircularis Tappan; Tappan, p. 158-159, pl. 37, figs. 7-10.

Description: Test free, small, planispiral; chambers curved, long, and narrow, a half whorl in length, circular cross-section; sutures distinct and depressed; wall very finely agglutinated; aperture at the end of the last chamber.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 3-4 (Figure 3.4).

Superfamily HORMOSINACEA Haeckel 1894
Family ASCHEMOCELLIDAE Vyalov 1966
GENUS Kalamopsis de Folin 1883
Kalamopsis sp. A
Figures 5.7-5.8

Description: Test free, elongate, single cylindrical tubular chamber; wall very finely agglutinated, and finely finished; aperture at open end of the tube with a small apertural lip.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 3-4 (Figure 3.4).

Kalamopsis sp. B
Figure 5.9

Description: Test free, flat, elongate, single tubular chamber, flask shaped with the widest part at the base; wall agglutinated; aperture at open end of the tube.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 4, 5 (Figure 3.4).

Family HORMOSINIDAE Haeckel 1894
Subfamily REOPHACINAE Cushman 1910
GENUS Reophax de Montfort 1808
Reophax sp. A
Figures 5.10-5.11

Description: Test free, rectilinear, elongate, uncompressed, and uniserial; circular in cross section; 4 low and broad chambers, rapidly increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, horizontal, and depressed; wall finely agglutinated; aperture obscured.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 4 (Figure 3.4).

Reophax sp. B
Figures 5.12-5.13

Description: Test free, rectilinear, elongate, uncompressed, and uniserial; circular in cross section; two spherical chambers, rapidly increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, horizontal, and depressed; wall agglutinated; aperture simple, round, terminal, on a short, tapering extension of the final chamber.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 3-4 (Figure 3.4).

Reophax sp. C Tappan 1960
Figures 5.14-5.16

Description: Test free, elongate, compressed, and uniserial; planar in cross section; chambers round, flat and imbricated, with a small neck extending to next chamber; usually three chambers per specimen, gradually increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, horizontal, and depressed; wall finely agglutinated with rough finish; aperture simple, round, and terminal at the end of the neck.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 4, 5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 4 (Figure 3.3).

GENUS Scherochorella Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Scherochorella cylindracea Chapman 1892
Figures 5.17-5.20

1892 Reophax cylindracea Chapman, p. 24, pl. 5, fig. 7.

Description: Test free, straight, elongate, and uniserial; circular in cross section; chambers low and broad with a width to height ratio in excess of 2:1, gradually increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, horizontal, and depressed; wall coarsely agglutinated; aperture simple, round, and terminal.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 3 (Figure 3.3).

Scherochorella minuta Tappan 1940
Figures 5.21-5.23

1940 Reophax minuta Tappan, p. 94, pl. 14, fig. 4.
1962 Reophax minuta Tappan; Tappan, p. 132-133, pl. 30, fig. 10.
1987 Scherochorella minuta (Tappan), p. 58, pl. 44, figs. 15-16.
1995 Scherochorella minuta (Tappan) Geroch and Kaminski, p. 117-122, pl. 1, fig. 3.

Description: Test free, rectilinear, elongate, uncompressed, and uniserial; circular in cross section; chambers spherical, gradually increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, horizontal, and depressed; wall agglutinated; aperture simple, round, and terminal.

Discussion: These specimens differ somewhat to those of Tappan (1940, 1962) in that they are uncompressed.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 1-2, 5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-6 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 3 (Figure 3.3).

Subfamily HORMOSININAE Haeckel 1894
GENUS Caudammina Montanaro-Gallitelli 1955
Caudammina sp.
Figures 5.24-5.27

Description: Test free, uniserial, rectilinear; chambers sub-spherical with a tapering neck attached to the next chamber, chambers not appressed as they are only attached at the tip of the neck; wall finely agglutinated; aperture, round, terminal, at the tip of the neck.

Discussion: Chambers almost always found disassociated from the original test due to the fragile stolons connecting the chambers.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 3-4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 1 (Figure 3.2).

Superfamily LITUOLACEA de Blainville 1827
Family HAPLOPHRAGMOIDIDAE Maync 1952
GENUS Haplophragmoides Cushman 1910
Haplophragmoides concavus (Chapman 1892)
Figures 5.28-5.29

1892 Trochammina concavus Chapman, p. 30, pl. 6, fig. 14.
1960 Haplophragmoides formosus Takayanagi, p. 70, pl. 1, fig. 22.
1980 Haplophragmoides concavus (Chapman); Sliter, p. 374-375, pl. 2, figs. 1-3.

Description: Test free, planispiral, and biconvex; chambers somewhat inflated in the umbilical region, about 4-6 in the final whorl; sutures distinct, depressed, radial; aperture an interiomarginal arch at the base of the final chamber.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-4, 5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 2-5 (Figure 3.2).

Haplophragmoides cf. H. calcula Cushman and Waters 1927
Figures 6.1-6.3

1927 Haplophragmoides calcula Cushman and Waters, p. 83, pl. 10, fig. 5.
1981 Haplophragmoides calcula Cushman and Waters; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 146-147, pl. 11, fig. 1.

Description: Test free, planispiral; umbilical areas planar; chambers somewhat inflated in the umbilical region, about 7-9 in the final whorl if they are seen at all; sutures obscure because surface very coarsely agglutinated and roughly finished; aperture obscured, but may be an interiomarginal arch.

Discussion: This is represented by only one specimen, and the sutures are obscured hence the cf. designation.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 3 (Figure 3.4).

Haplophragmoides cf. suborbicularis (Grzybowski 1896)
Figures 6.4-6.9

1896 Cyclammina suborbicularis Grzybowski, p. 63, pl. 9, figs. 5-6.
1981 Haplophragmoides impensus Martin 1964; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 151-152, pl. 11, fig. 9.
1988 Haplophragmoides suborbicularis (Grzybowski); Kaminski and others, p. 189, pl. 5, figs. 12-13.

Description: Test free, large, planispiral, occasionally trochospiral, most often globular; chambers slightly inflated, about 5-7 in final whorl; sutures straight and radial, distinct, slightly to moderately depressed; surface finely agglutinated and smooth; aperture on the final chamber an interiomarginal arch.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 3-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 2-7 (Figure 3.2).

Haplophragmoides topagorukensis Tappan 1957
Figures 6.10-6.13

1957 Haplophragmoides topagorukensis Tappan, p. 203-204, pl. 65, figs. 15-25.
1962 Haplophragmoides topagorukensis Tappan; Tappan, p. 135-136, pl. 31, figs. 1-15.

Description: Test free, planispiral, involute, laterally compressed, biumbilicate, periphery rounded to elliptical, and slightly smaller than H. gigas; chambers flat, about 7-10 in final whorl; sutures distinct in well-preserved specimens, slightly depressed, straight, and radial, although in most specimens sutures are often obscured; surface moderately to finely agglutinated; aperture obscured, but more than likely a low interiomarginal arch.

Discussion: The variability of the test shape, from circular to elliptical is probably due to preservational distortion. Very few specimens had well-preserved sutures.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 3 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 3-7 (Figure 3.2).

Family LITUOLIDAE de Blainville 1825
Subfamily AMMOMARGINULININAE Pobonina 1978
GENUS Ammobaculites Cushman 1910
Ammobaculites fragmentarius Cushman 1927
Figures 6.14-6.17

1927 Ammobaculites fragmentaria Cushman, p. 130, pl. 1, fig. 8.
1962 Ammobaculites fragmentarius Cushman; Tappan, p. 136-138, pl. 32, figs. 8-11.
1981 Ammobaculites fragmentarius Cushman; McLean and Wall, p. 368-369, pl. 8, figs. 9-10.
1981 Ammobaculites fragmentarius Cushman; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 158-159, pl. 12, figs. 6-7.
1984 Ammobaculites fragmentarius Cushman; Koke and Stelck, p. 276-277, pl. 1, fig. 42.

Description: Test free, elongate, initial planispiral early portion, rectilinear secondary portion of about 4-6 chambers, with parallel sides; circular to compressed in cross section; sutures distinct and depressed; wall coarsely agglutinated; aperture obscured.

Discussion: Due to the preservation of the specimens, and their small size, it was not possible to see the individual chambers on the initial planispiral portion.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2, 4-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2).

Ammobaculites wenonahae Tappan 1960
Figures 6.18-6.21

1960 Ammobaculites wenonahae Tappan, p. 291, pl. 1, figs. 3-6.
1962 Ammobaculites wenonahae Tappan; Tappan, p. 138-139, pl. 32, figs. 1-7.
1984 Ammobaculites wenonahae Tappan; Koke and Stelck, p. 276-277, pl. 1, figs. 33-35.

Description: Test free, elongate, initial planispiral early portion with about 4 chambers, rectilinear secondary portion of about 4-5 chambers, with parallel sides; circular in cross section to compressed; sutures distinct and depressed; wall very coarsely agglutinated; aperture obscured.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2, 4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 5 (Figure 3.2).

Ammobaculites sp.
Figures 6.22-6.23

Description: Test free, elongate, initial planispiral early portion not as tightly coiled as A. wenonahae, rectilinear secondary portion, with parallel sides; circular in cross section to compressed; chambers and sutures indistinct due to coarse agglutination; aperture obscured.

Discussion: The sp. designation is cited as no individual chambers are visible, thus a positive identification is not possible.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 5 (Figure 3.4).

Superfamily TEXTULARIACEA Ehrenberg 1838
Family TEXTULARIIDAE Ehrenberg 1838
GENUS Textulariopsis Banner and Pereira 1981
Textulariopsis losangica (Loeblich and Tappan 1951)
Figures 6.24-6.26

1951 Textularia losangica Loeblich and Tappan, p. 82, pl. 2, figs. 4-5.
1982 Textulariopsis losangica (Loeblich and Tappan); Loeblich and Tappan, p. 67, pl. 2, figs. 8-10.

Description: Test free, flattened, broad, biserial, with smooth periphery, diamond-shaped in cross-section; 14-16 broad chambers of almost equal height, but increasing width as they are added; sutures straight, distinct and elevated with a central zigzag suture between the two series of chambers; wall moderately agglutinated, noncanaliculate; aperture obscured.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 3 (Figure 3.3).

Textulariopsis topagorukensis Tappan 1957
Figures 6.27-6.28

1957 Textulariopsis topagorukensis Tappan, p. 205-206, pl. 66, figs. 8-9.
1957 Spiroplectammina koveri Tappan, p. 205, pl. 66, figs. 1-2.
1962 Textulariopsis topagorukensis Tappan; Tappan, p. 141-142, pl. 33, fig. 11.

Description: Test free, elongate, early chambers obscured, later chambers biserial and rectilinear, about 5-7 pairs; sutures distinct, depressed, and obliquely angled outward toward proloculus; wall finely agglutinated; aperture obscured.

Discussion: Originally described by Tappan (1957) as two separate species, it was redescribed as T. topagorukensis as it was deemed that both T. topagorukensis and Spiroplectammina koveri represented two different generations as they were always found together (Tappan 1962). The specimens from the Queen Charlotte Islands seem to be S. koveri rather than T. topagorukensis, and only those specimens appear in the synonymy. Tappan's (1957) specimens of S. koveri showed the early chambers in a planispiral coil, which is possible in these specimens but impossible to confirm due to poor preservation.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 1-5 (Figure 3.4).

Textulariopsis sp.
Figures 6.29-6.30

Description: Test free, flattened, broad, biserial, with jagged periphery, thin and straight in cross-section; 8-12 broad chambers of equal height, but increasing width as they are added; sutures straight, distinct and slightly elevated with a central zigzag suture between the two series of chambers; wall agglutinated; aperture obscured.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 4, 5 (Figure 3.2).

Superfamily TROCHAMMINACEA Schwager 1877
Family TROCHAMMINIDAE Schwager 1877
GENUS Trochammina Parker and Jones 1859
Trochammina wetteri Stelck and Wall 1955
Figures 7.1-7.6

1955 Trochammina wetteri Stelck and Wall, p. 59-60, pl. 2, figs. 1-3, 6.
1981 Trochammina wetteri Stelck and Wall; McNeil and Caldwell, p. 173-174, pl. 13, fig. 10.

Description: Test free, planispiral, only one whorl; chambers few, not closely appressed, about 4-5, rapidly expanding as added; sutures distinct and depressed; wall thick, finely to moderately agglutinated, roughly finished; aperture obscured.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-4, 5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 2-6 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Stations 3, 4 (Figure 3.3).

Trochammina sp.
Figures 7.7-7.8

Description: Test free, tiny, pyritized, trochospiral, with two visible whorls on the umbilical side, only the final whorl visible on the other side; chambers globular, not very closely appressed, about 8 per whorl; sutures distinct and depressed; wall structure obscured by pyritization; aperture obscured.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 5-7 (Figure 3.2).

Superfamily VERNEUILINACEA Cushman 1911
Family VERNEUILINIDAE Cushman 1911
Subfamily VERNEUILININAE Cushman 1911
GENUS Gaudryina d'Orbigny 1839
Gaudryina cf. G. nanushukensis Tappan 1951
Figures 7.9-7.11

1951 Gaudryina nanushukensis Tappan, p. 2, pl. 1, figs. 8-11.
1962 Gaudryina nanushukensis Tappan; Tappan, p. 148-149, pl. 34, figs. 11-15.

Description: Test free, elongate, triserial, flaring; chambers low and broad, rapidly increasing in size in the initial portion; aperture obscured.

Discussion: Very few specimens of this species were recovered, and those that could be identified to Gaudryina cf. G. nanushukensis were poorly preserved, hence the cf. designation.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 3 (Figure 3.4).

Gaudryinella irregularis Tappan 1943
Figures 7.12-7.16

1943 Gaudryinella irregularis Tappan, p. 490, pl. 78, figs. 31-32.
1962 Gaudryinella irregularis Tappan; Tappan, p. 150-151, pl. 35, figs. 22-24.

Description: Test free, straight, loosely biserial, with alternating chambers; 5-8 spherical chambers; sutures quite distinct as the chambers not very closely appressed; wall finely agglutinated; aperture small, terminal, rounded.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 3-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2).

Family TRITAXIIDAE Plotnikova 1979
GENUS Tritaxia Reuss 1860
Tritaxia tricarinata (Reuss 1845)
Figures 7.17-7.18

1845 Textularia tricarinata Reuss, p. 39, pl. 8, fig. 60.
1863 Dentalinopsis tricarinatum Reuss; Reuss, p. 119, pl. 18, fig. 13.
1892 Tritaxia tricarinata Reuss; Chapman, p. 34-35 (p. 749), pl. 11, fig. 1.
1972 Tritaxia tricarinata Reuss; Hanzlíková, p. 54, pl. 11, fig. 11.
1985 Tritaxia tricarinata Reuss; Sliter, p. 347, pl. 1, figs. 19-20.

Description: Test free, triserial. Wall calcareous. Aperture obscured.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 1-4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 3 (Figure 3.3).

Family EGGERELLIDAE Cushman 1937
GENUS Protomarssonella Desai and Banner 1987
Protomarssonella sp.
Figures 7.19-7.22

Description: Test free, conical with straight sides, biserial, flaring rapidly; 10-12 chambers, broad and low, increasing in size; sutures invisible; wall solid, noncanaliculate; aperture obscured.

Discussion: Wall structure places this species in Protomarssonella, a genus commonly found in the Jurassic (Desai and Banner 1987; Kaminski 1996).

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-6 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 4 (Figure 3.3).

Superfamily TEXTULARIACEA Ehrenberg 1839
Family VALVULINIDAE
Subfamily VALVULININAE Berthelin 1880
GENUS Clavulinoides Cushman 1936
Clavulinoides sp.
Figure 7.23

Description: Test free, initial portion triserial, flaring rapidly and pyramidal, latter section uniserial, rectilineal with parallel sides; sutures distinct and depressed especially in the secondary rectilineal portion; wall finely agglutinated and smooth, noncanaliculate; aperture obscured, probably an arch on inner margin of final chamber.

Occurrence: Late Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2, 4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 2-3 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 1 (Figure 3.3).

Suborder LAGENINA Delage and Hérouard 1896
Superfamily NODOSARIACEA Ehrenberg 1838
Family NODOSARIIDAE Ehrenberg 1838
GENUS Laevidentalina Loeblich and Tappan 1986
Laevidentalina distincta (Reuss 1860)
Figures 7.24-7.27

1860 Dentalina distincta Reuss, p. 184, pl. 2, fig. 5.
1962 Dentalina distincta Reuss; Tappan, p. 175, pl. 45, fig. 18.
1980 Dentalina distincta Reuss; Sliter, p. 382-383, pl. 6, figs. 23-24.

Description: test free, rectilinear, slightly curved; 4-5 ovoid chambers, gradually increasing in size as they are added; sutures distinct, depressed, and oblique; wall calcareous and smooth; aperture terminal, usually obscured.

Discussion: Very few well-preserved specimens were recovered from the Queen Charlotte Islands, but there were many fragments that may have been D. distincta.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2, 4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-5 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 3 (Figure 3.3).

GENUS Nodosaria Lamarck 1812
Nodosaria doliiformis Eichenberg 1933
Figures 7.28-7.29

1933 Nodosaria doliiformis Eichenberg, p. 7, pl. 7, fig. 6.
1962 Nodosaria doliiformis Eichenberg; Tappan, p. 173, pl. 45, figs. 13-14.

Description: Test free, narrow, rectilinear, with straight sides; 4-7 cylindrical chambers gradually increasing in size as they are added, later chambers higher than broad; sutures distinct and slightly depressed; wall calcareous and hyaline; aperture terminal and rounded.

Discussion: The specimens from this study were usually found broken, so there is some doubt about the average number of chambers.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-5 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 6 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Station 3 (Figure 3.3).

Nodosaria flexocarinata Khan 1950
Figures 8.1-8.2

1950 Nodosaria fontannesi var. flexocarinata Khan, p. 269, pl. 1, figs. 6-8.
1962 Nodosaria flexocarinata Khan; Tappan, p. 173, pl. 45, figs. 3-4.

Description: Test free, rectilinear, with about 20 costae running the length of the test; 6-7 spherical chambers closely appressed; sutures distinct, horizontal, and depressed; wall calcareous; aperture terminal, rounded.

Discussion: Very few well-preserved specimens were recovered from the Queen Charlotte Islands, but there were many fragments that may have been N. flexocarinata.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2-3 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 1 (Figure 3.2).

Nodosaria sp. A
Figures 8.3-8.4

Description: Test free, uniserial, rectilinear; chambers amphora-like with a long tapering neck attached to the next chamber, chambers not appressed as they are only attached at the tip of the neck; wall calcareous, perforate; aperture, round, terminal, at the tip of the neck.

Discussion: Similar in outline to H. ovuloides Grzybowski 1901 except that the specimens from the Queen Charlotte Islands are more "amphora" shaped with the long necks of the individual chambers tapering to the fundus as opposed to straight necks. Chambers almost always found disassociated from the original test due to the fragile stolons connecting the chambers.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 3-4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 3-6 (Figure 3.2).

Subfamily FRONDICULARIINAE Reuss 1860
GENUS Frondicularia Defrance 1826 (in d'Orbigny 1826)
Frondicularia extensa Morrow 1934
Figures 8.5-8.6

1934 Frondicularia extensa Morrow, p. 193, pl. 29, fig. 31.
1946 Frondicularia extensa Morrow; Cushman, p. 86, pl. 34, figs. 3-4.
1981 Frondicularia extensa Morrow (1936 - sic) McNeil and Caldwell, p.195-196, pl. 16, fig. 4.

Description: Test free, flattened, broad, frond-like, with smooth periphery; prominent spherical proloculus, 8-10 broad chambers of equal height, but increasing width as they are added; sutures oblique, distinct, and slightly depressed; wall calcareous and hyaline; aperture terminal, radiate, on a neck.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2 (Figure 3.4).

Frondicularia sp. A
Figures 8.7-8.9

Description: Test free, broad, frond-like, with smooth periphery; prominent spherical proloculus, 10 broad chambers of equal height, each pair intercalated over previous; sutures oblique, distinct, and slightly depressed; wall calcareous and hyaline; aperture terminal, radiate, on a neck.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2, 4 (Figure 3.4).

Frondicularia sp. B
Figure 8.10

Description: Test free, flattened, broad, frond-like, with smooth periphery; prominent spherical proloculus, 4(?) broad chambers of equal height, but increasing width as they are added; sutures obscured; wall calcareous and hyaline; aperture terminal, radiate, on a neck.

Discussion: This is similar to Flabellina didyma Berthelin 1880. However, the sutures are obscured, except for the proloculus, in the Queen Charlotte Islands specimen, and the proloculus differs from the Chapman specimen.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 5 (Figure 3.2).

Family VAGINULINIDAE Reuss 1860
Subfamily LENTICULININAE Chapman, Parr, and Collins 1934
GENUS Lenticulina Lamarck 1804
Lenticulina cf. L. ingenua (Berthelin 1880)
Figures 8.11-8.12

1880 Cristellaria ingenua Berthelin, p. 54, pl. 3, figs. 20-21.
1962 Lenticulina ingenua (Berthelin); Tappan, p. 162, pl. 41, figs. 1-2.

Description: Test free, lenticular, tending toward planispiral, unraveling later on, periphery keeled; chambers increasing in size gradually as they are added; sutures indistinct and depressed; wall calcareous; aperture radiate at the peripheral angle of the final chamber.

Discussion: Only two specimens were recovered from the Queen Charlotte Islands, and they did not show a large proloculus nor a calcareous hyaline wall structure, and the sutures were obscured, hence the cf. designation.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 4 (Figure 3.4).

Lenticulina macrodisca (Reuss 1863)
Figures 8.13-8.14

1863 Cristellaria macrodisca Reuss, p. 78, pl. 9, fig. 5.
1962 Lenticulina macrodisca (Reuss); Tappan, p. 162-163, pl. 40, figs. 5-8.

Description: Test free, lenticular, planispiral, periphery keeled; large spherical proloculus, chambers distinct, about 8-10 in final whorl; sutures gently curved, distinct under optical light, but not depressed; wall calcareous, hyaline, smooth, and translucent under optical light; aperture radiate at periphery angle.

Discussion: The sutures were completely obscured under the scanning electron microscope, hence the inclusion of figures taken through an optical microscope. The specimens were two basic sizes. The larger ones were 0.8-1.2 mm in diameter, and the smaller ones were from 0.2 to 0.35 mm in diameter. As there was size gradation, one might consider these two distinct species, but as specimens of both sizes were always found together, they probably represent alteration of generations.

Occurrence: Upper Albian-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 1-4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Stations 1-4 (Figure 3.3).

GENUS Saracenaria Defrance 1824
Saracenaria grandstandensis Tappan 1960
Figures 8.15-8.16

1960 Saracenaria grandstandensis Tappan, p. 292, pl. 2, figs. 8-10.
1962 Saracenaria grandstandensis Tappan; Tappan p. 164, pl. 41, figs. 3-5.
1981 Saracenaria grandstandensis Tappan; McLean and Wall, p. 370-371, pl. 9, figs. 1-2.

Description: Test free, elongate, with parallel sides; initial 2-3 chambers added on a slightly curved axis, last 4-6 chambers rectilinear; chambers low and broad; sutures slightly curved and distinct under optical light; wall calcareous and hyaline; aperture radiate and the peripheral angle, produced on a very short neck.

Discussion: The sutures were completely obscured under the scanning electron microscope, hence the inclusion of figures taken through an optical microscope.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Station 6 (Figure 3.2); Albian, Onward Point Stations 3, 4 (Figure 3.3).

Saracenaria projectura Stelck and Wall 1956 in Stelck et al. 1956
Figures 8.17-8.18

1956 Saracenaria projectura Stelck and Wall, p. 50, pl. 3, figs. 22-25.
1962 Saracenaria projectura Stelck and Wall; Tappan, p. 164-165, pl. 41, figs. 9-14.

Description: Test free, elongate, initial 3-4 chambers planispiral, last 4-6 chambers large, triangular in cross-section with smooth edges, curving only slightly toward initial half-coil; sutures slightly curved and distinct under optical light; wall calcareous and hyaline; aperture radiate and the peripheral angle, produced on a very short neck.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 1-7 (Figure 3.2).

Saracenaria valanginiana (Bartenstein and Brand 1951)
Figures 8.19-8.20

1951 Lenticulina valanginiana Bartenstein and Brand, p. 291, pl. 13, figs. 364-365.
1962 Saracenaria valanginiana (Bartenstein and Brand); Tappan, p. 166, pl. 42, figs. 7-8.

Description: Test free, initial 3-4 chambers planispiral, final 4-6 chambers elongate, triangular in cross-section with distinct keels at each angle; sutures distinct and elevated; wall calcareous and hyaline; aperture radiate and the peripheral angle, produced on a very short neck.

Occurrence: Upper Albian-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 1-3 (Figure 3.4).

Subfamily MARGINULININAE Wedekind 1937
GENUS Marginulina d'Orbigny 1826
Marginulina cf. inepta (Reuss 1863)
Figures 8.21-8.22

Description: Test free, elongate, rectilinear with about 14 surface costae running the length of the test; 3-4 spherical chambers gradually increasing in size; sutures distinct and depressed; wall finely agglutinated; aperture terminal, round, on a short neck, not centrally positioned.

Discussion: This species could be placed in the genus Nodosaria because of its straight axis. Tappan (1962) placed it in Marginulina as some of those specimens had slightly curved axes, and because its aperture was not only simple, terminal, and rounded, but on a short neck.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2, 4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Onward Point Stations 1, 4 (Figure 3.3).

Marginulina planiuscula (Reuss 1862)
Figures 8.23-8.24

1862 Cristellaria planiuscula Reuss, p. 71, pl. 7, fig. 51.
1894 Cristellaria planiuscula Reuss; Chapman, p. 97, pl. 10, fig. 14.
1962 Marginulina planiuscula (Reuss 1862); Tappan, p. 170, pl. 43, figs. 8-11.

Description: Test free, small, initial potion slightly coiled, with about 10 very faint surface costae running the length of the test; 4-5 spherical chambers initially rapidly increasing in size; sutures distinct and depressed; wall finely agglutinated; aperture radiate, terminal.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2 (Figure 3.4).

Subfamily VAGINULININAE Reuss 1860
GENUS Citharina d'Orbigny 1839
Citharina sp.
Figures 8.25-8.26

Description: Test free, sub-triangular, flattened, proloculus globular with later changes broad, low, uniserial, increasing in breadth and strongly angled back toward the base from the nearly straight dorsal margin, sutures oblique, slightly curved and depressed, 4-5 costae running the length of the test; wall calcareous, perforate; aperture radial, terminal, large, produced on a short neck.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 4 (Figure 3.4).

Suborder GLOBIGERININA Delage and Hérouard 1896
Superfamily PLANOMALINACEA Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan 1957
Family SCHACKOINIDAE Pokorny 1958
GENUS Schackoina Thalmann 1932
Schackoina cenomana (Schacko 1897)
Figures 8.27-8.28

1897 Siderolina cenomana Schacko, p. 166-168, pl. 4, figs. 3-5.
1957 Schackoina cenomana (Schacko); Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, p. 36, pl. 2, figs. 1-2.
1981 Schackoina cenomana (Schacko); McNeil and Caldwell, p. 248-249, pl. 19, fig. 17.

Description: Test free, planispiral; 4-5 not very closely appressed ovate chambers, each tapering to a short spine; sutures distinct and depressed; wall calcareous and perforate; aperture obscured.

Discussion: S. cenomana is a latest Albian-Cenomanian index fossil. Based on association with several benthic index fossils the strata where this species is found is late Albian.

Occurrence: Latest Albian, Beresford Bay Stations 4, 5 (Figure 3.4).

Suborder ROTALIINA Delage and Hérouard 1896
Superfamily ROTALIPORACEA Sigal 1958
Family HEDBERGELLIDAE Loeblich and Tappan 1961
Subfamily HEDBERGELLINAE Loeblich and Tappan 1961
GENUS Hedbergella Brönnimann and Brown 1958
Hedbergella planispira (Tappan 1940)
Figures 8.29-8.30

1940 Globigerina planispira Tappan; Tappan p. 122, pl. 19, fig. 12.
1957 Praeglobotruncana planispira (Tappan); Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan, p. 40, pl. 9, fig. 3.
1961 Hedbergella planispira (Tappan); Loeblich and Tappan, p. 276–277, pl. 5, fig. 4-11.
1967 Hedbergella planispira (Tappan); Eicher, p. 186, pl. 19, fig. 3.
1981 Hedbergella planispira (Tappan); McNeil and Caldwell, p. 255-256, pl. 20, figs. 7-8.

Description: Test free, trochospiral; chambers spherical to ovate, initial chambers tiny, increasing rapidly in size, only final whorl (5-7 chambers) visible on the umbilical side, chambers of the final whorl not very closely appressed; sutures distinct, depressed; walls calcareous, perforate; aperture an interiomarginal arch at the base of the final chamber.

Occurrence: Upper Albian (?)-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 2-4, 5 (Figure 3.4).

Hedbergella sp.
Figures 8.31-8.32

Description: Test free, trochospiral; chambers relatively large and spherical, increasing gradually in size, not very closely appressed; sutures distinct, depressed; walls calcareous; aperture an interiomarginal arch at the base of the final chamber.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1).

Hedbergella delrioensis (Carsey 1926)
Figures 9.1-9.2

1926 Globigerina cretacea d'Orbigny var. delrioensis Carsey, p. 43.
1981 Hedbergella delrioensis (Carsey 1926); McNeil and Caldwell, p. 252-253, pl. 20, figs. 5-6.

Description: Test free, planispiral; chambers spherical, initial chambers tiny, increasing rapidly in size as they are added; sutures distinct, depressed; walls calcareous, perforate; aperture an interiomarginal arch at the base of the final chamber.

Occurrence: Lower Albian, Rennell Sound Road, west-central Graham Island (Figure 3.1); Upper Albian-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 1-4 (Figure 3.4); Albian, Cumshewa Inlet Stations 4-8 (Figure 3.2).

Superfamily TURRILINACEA Cushman 1927
Family TURRILINIDAE Cushman 1927
GENUS Praebulimina Hofker 1953
Praebulimina reussi (Morrow 1934)
Figures 9.3-9.5

1934 Bulimina reussi Morrow p. 195, pl. 29, fig. 12.
1981 Praebulimina reussi (Morrow); McNeil and Caldwell p. 225, pl. 18, fig. 12.

Description. Test free, small, ovate, triserial, circular in transverse section, greatest breadth above the midline; proloculus end sharply rounded, apertural end obtuse; chambers round, enlarging rapidly as added; early sutures depressed and distinct, later ones become indistinct; wall smooth; aperture terminal.

Occurrence: Upper Albian-Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2 (Figure 3.4).

Superfamily CHILOSTOMELLACEA Brady 1881
Family GAVELINELLIDAE Hofker 1956
Subfamily GAVELINELLINAE Hofker 1956
GENUS Gavelinella Brotzen 1942
Gavelinella sp. A
Figure 9.6

Description: Test free, trochospiral, 2 whorls visible on the convex spiral umbilical side; prominent spherical proloculus on the umbilical side, chambers increasing rapidly in size as they are added, 6 chambers in the final whorl; sutures distinct, depressed, radial, gently curved away from final chamber; wall calcareous, finely perforate; aperture an arch along the basal margin of the final chamber.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Station 2 (Figure 3.4).

Gavelinella sp. B
Figures 9.7-9.8

Description: Test free, trochospiral, convex umbilical side showing only the final whorl, 2 whorls visible on the flattened spiral side; prominent spherical proloculus on the spiral side, chambers increasing rapidly in size as they are added, 6 chambers in the final whorl; sutures distinct, depressed, radial, gently curved away from final chamber, infilled with sediment; wall calcareous, finely perforate; aperture obscured.

Occurrence: Cenomanian, Beresford Bay Stations 4, 5 (Figure 3.4).