Table 3. Diversity analyses of the Venezuelan and the Caribbean echinoid fossil record. ABBREVIATIONS: N – absolute number of genera; MDS – mean standing diversity without singletons; MDS+s – mean standing diversity with singletons; BC – boundary crossers.
 
 

 

 Venezuela
 		Caribbean
 		Greater Antilles
 		Cuba
 		Jamaica
 		Lesser Antilles
 		Central America
 

 

 N
 		MSD
 		MSD+
 		BC
 		N
 		MSD
 		MSD+s
N
 		MSD
 		MSD+s
 		B
 		N
 		MSD
 		MSD+s
 		B
 		N
 		MSD
 		MSD+s
 		B
 		N
 		MSD
 		MSD+s
 		B
 		N
 		MS
 		MSD+s
 		B
 

 



























  Early Cretaceous
 9
 2
 3.67
 0
 41
 21
 23.67
 34
 25
 15.5
 15.5
 25
 20
 12
 12
 20
 5
 4
 4
 5
 1
 0.5
 0.5
 1
 19
 7
 8.67
 14
  Late Cretaceous
 0
 0
 0
 0
 51
 24
 29
 18
 45
 18
 23
 16
 39
 17.5
 21.5
 15
 9
 3.5
 4.5
 2
 1
 0.5
 0.5
 0
 14
 7.5
 7.5
 1
  Paleocene
 1
 0
 0.33
 0
 18
 18
 18
 18
 16
 16
 16
 16
 15
 15
 15
 15
 2
 2
 2
 2
 0
 0
 0
 0
 1
 1
 1
 1
  Early Eocene
 4
 2
 2
 4
 60
 38.5
 38.83
 57
 55
 38
 38.33
 54
 38
 26
 26.33
 37
 31
 16.5
 16.5
 31
 7
 3.5
 3.5
 7
 2
 1.5
 1.5
 2
  Middle Eocene
 5
 4
 4.33
 4
 65
 61.5
 61.5
 63
 60
 20.5
 20.83
 60
 45
 41
 41
 44
 34
 31
 31
 30
 10
 8.5
 8.5
 8
 2
 1.5
 1.5
 1
  Late Eocene
 13
 4
 6.33
 4
 76
 50.5
 52.83
 36
 67
 45
 45.67
 29
 55
 35
 37.67
 27
 33
 20.5
 20.83
 9
 18
 7.5
 9.17
 7
 1
 1
 1
 1
  Early Oligocene
 6
 5
 5
 6
 47
 42
 42
 47
 40
 35
 35
 40
 36
 31.5
 31.5
 36
 11
 10.5
 10.5
 10
 11
 9
 9
 11
 2
 1.5
 1.5
 2
  Late Oligocene
 6
 1
 1
 6
 54
 40.5
 42.83
 32
 48
 31.5
 34.17
 21
 45
 28
 30.67
 19
 11
 10.5
 10.5
 9
 11
 11
 11
 11
 2
 2
 2
 2
  Early Miocene
 15
 9.5
 10.17
 14
 42
 34
 34.67
 37
 26
 23.5
 23.5
 24
 21
 18
 18.33
 18
 16
 12.5
 12.5
 14
 18
 10.5
 12.5
 10
 14
 8
 8
 13
  Middle Miocene
 21
 13
 15
 13
 40
 36
 36.67
 33
 26
 25
 25.33
 24
 19
 18
 18.33
 18
 15
 15
 15
 14
 10
 9.5
 9.5
 9
 14
 13
 13.33
 13
  Late Miocene
 16
 11
 11
 9
 35
 27
 27.33
 20
 25
 18.5
 18.5
 12
 18
 10.5
 10.5
 5
 15
 13.5
 13.5
 8
 9
 8.5
 8.5
 8
 15
 8
 8.33
 2
  Early Pliocene
 11
 9.5
 9.83
 10
 22
 20.5
 20.83
 21
 12
 12
 12
 12
 5
 5
 5
 5
 9
 9
 9
 8
 8
 8
 8
 8
 3
 2.5
 2.5
 3
  Late Pliocene
 11
 9.5
 9.5
 9
 22
 21.5
 21.5
 22
 12
 12
 12
 12
 5
 5
 5
 5
 9
 9
 9
 8
 8
 7.5
 7.5
 7
 3
 2.5
 2.5
 2
  Early Pleistocene
 9
 7
 7
 5
 23
 21
 21
 19
 14
 13
 13
 13
 5
 5
 5
 4
 12
 10.5
 10.5
 10
 9
 8
 8
 9
 2
 2
 2
 2
  Late Pleistocene
 5
 5
 5
19
 14.5
 14.5
14
 8.5
 8.5
4
 3.5
 3.5
11
 5.5
 5.5
9
 6.5
 6.5
2
 1.5
 1.5
  Total Genera
 51
 157
 122
 102
 54
 36
 38