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Chapter 3 -
Building a Better Canada:
Security
Highlights
Budget 2006 provides $1.4 billion over two years to protect Canadian
families and communities, to secure our borders and to increase our
preparedness to address public health threats. Over the same period, this
budget provides $73 million to better secure our financial system.
The Government is also committed to strengthening Canada’s role in the
world by investing an additional $1.1 billion over two years in
Canada’s armed forces and by working to ensure the effectiveness of
international assistance.
Cracking Down on Crime
- $161 million for 1,000 more RCMP officers and federal
prosecutors to focus on such law-enforcement priorities as drugs,
corruption and border security (including gun smuggling).
- $37 million for the RCMP to expand its National Training
Academy (Depot) to accommodate these new officers and build the
capacity to train more officers in the future.
- Set aside funds to expand Canada’s correctional facilities to
house the expected increase in inmates as a result of changes in
sentencing rules.
- $20 million for communities to prevent youth crime with a focus
on guns, gangs and drugs.
- $26 million to give victims a more effective voice in the
federal corrections and justice system, and to give victims greater
access to services (such as travel to appear at parole hearings).
Securing Safe and Open Borders
- $101 million to begin arming border officers and eliminating
"work-alone" posts.
- $303 million to implement a border strategy to promote the
movement of low-risk trade and travellers within North America while
protecting Canadians from security threats.
Preparing for Emergencies
- $460 million ($1 billion over five years) to further
improve Canada’s pandemic preparedness.
- $19 million per year to Public Safety and Emergency
Preparedness Canada to enhance our capacity to deal with catastrophes
and emergencies.
Transportation Security
- $133 million to support Canadian Air Transport Security
Authority operations.
- $95 million for new measures to enhance the security of
passenger rail and urban transit.
Strengthening Canada’s Role in the World
- $1.1 billion ($5.3 billion over five years) to strengthen
the Canadian Forces’ capacity to defend our national sovereignty and
security.
- Up to $320 million in 2005–06 to fight polio, tuberculosis,
malaria and HIV/AIDS and to help low-income countries cope with
natural disasters or sharp rises in commodity prices.
Enhancing Security in the Financial System
- $64 million to enhance Canada’s anti-money laundering and
anti-terrorist financing regime.
- $9 million to fund integrated enforcement teams to combat
currency counterfeiting.
Canadians are proud of this country’s tradition of safe and secure
communities. To ensure Canada remains safe and secure, Budget 2006
provides $1.4 billion over two years to protect Canadian families and
communities, to secure our borders and to increase our preparedness to
address public health threats. Over the same period, this budget also
provides $73 million to better secure our financial system. These
measures reinforce Canada’s capacity to address the dangers posed by
local and international crimes, ranging from gun crimes in our communities
to financial crimes, such as those that sustain terrorism. The Government
is also committed to strengthening Canada’s role in the world by
investing an additional $1.1 billion over two years in Canada’s
armed forces and by working to ensure the effectiveness of international
assistance.
Safe streets and safe communities are a hallmark of life in Canada and are
the foundation of happy families and a strong economy. However, Canadian
streets and communities are increasingly threatened by gun, gang and drug
violence.
As these threats grow, so must the capacity of Canadian law
enforcement to respond and protect Canadians. Over the next two years, the
Government will tackle crime by increasing the number of Royal Canadian
Mounted Police (RCMP) officers. The Government will also help communities
prevent criminal behaviour among youth before it takes root. The
Government will also work to ensure the integrity of all components of the
federal justice system, including providing victims of crime with a
greater voice and greater access to victims’ services.
RCMP Federal Policing (Including the RCMP National Training Academy)
The Government has committed to enhancing front-line law enforcement
capacity in Canada. The RCMP, as Canada’s national police force,
maintains a strong and vital presence in all provinces and territories.
RCMP officers help protect Canadian families and communities by
investigating threats from organized crime, terrorism, drugs and
cross-border smuggling.
Budget 2006 provides $161 million over two
years for the RCMP to expand the number of police officers across the
country, and for the Department of Justice Canada to hire additional
federal prosecutors. This funding will enable the RCMP to fill 1,000
vacancies by 2010. These new police officers and prosecutors will focus on
law enforcement priorities such as drugs, corruption and border security
(including gun smuggling).
The new RCMP officers will receive world-class
basic police training at the RCMP National Training Academy (Depot).
Budget 2006 provides $37 million over two years for the RCMP to expand the
Depot to accommodate these new officers and build the capacity to train
more officers in the future. This funding will finance the construction of
new buildings such as barracks, classrooms and a dining hall. This funding
will also be used to strenghten the field coaching program to ensure that
all Depot graduates are paired, during their first posting, with veteran
officers who have completed the RCMP field coaching course.
Correctional Service Canada
In support of the Government’s efforts to address serious crime and to
ensure that jail sentences match the severity of the crimes committed,
Budget 2006 sets aside funding for Correctional Service Canada to expand
correctional facilities to address the expected increase in the federal
inmate population. A new medium security institution and additional
maximum security capacity may be needed.
Too many youths are becoming involved with guns, gangs, drugs and other
crimes that lead to increased crime in Canadian streets and communities.
While law enforcement is important, effective crime prevention is also
needed for youth at risk. Budget 2006 provides $20 million over two years
for communities to prevent youth crime. Additional details will be
announced shortly following consultations.
National DNA Data Bank
The RCMP’s National DNA Data Bank is an important resource for Canadian
law enforcement agencies, as it helps police across the country to
identify the guilty and exonerate the innocent. Budget 2006 provides
$15 million over two years to increase the ability of the RCMP to
populate the Data Bank with DNA samples from a greater range of convicted
offenders, such as sex offenders, as well as with DNA samples from a
greater range of crime scenes.
Victims of crime
Canadians who have become victims of crime deserve to have a strong
advocate for their rights within the justice system. Budget 2006 provides
$26 million over two years to give victims a more effective voice in
the federal corrections and justice system, and to give victims greater
access to services such as travel to appear at parole hearings. Additional
details will be announced at a later date.
Emergency Response
The terrorist bombings last year in London and the hurricane landings on
the U.S. Gulf Coast vividly illustrate the importance of a coordinated
emergency response capacity across all levels of government and sectors of
the economy. Budget 2006 provides $19 million per year to Public
Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada (PSEPC) to enhance Canada’s
capacity to respond to catastrophes and emergencies of any kind. The
funding will permit PSEPC to maintain round-the-clock readiness levels in
its national operations centre, enhance its presence in provincial and
territorial operations centres and response activities, liaise with key
international partners in emergency situations and increase the coverage
of its monitoring. This will improve PSEPC’s ability to coordinate and
deal with emergencies that extend across provincial, territorial and
international boundaries.
Transportation Security
The Government’s commitment to ensuring that Canadians can live in safe,
healthy communities includes protecting those who rely on passenger rail
and urban transit. Budget 2006 provides $95 million over two years to
fund measures aimed at enhancing the safety and security of passenger rail
and urban transit operations. In partnership with other governments,
industry, law enforcement and the public, these measures will address
high-priority areas, and include the funding of new security measures and
emergency preparedness exercises.
The Government remains committed to
ensuring the security of air travel. Given the continued growth in the air
transportation industry, the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA)
must cope with increasing passenger flows and related operating pressures.
Budget 2006 provides an additional $133 million over two years to
help CATSA address these pressures.
Keeping Canada safe from external threats requires a dedicated workforce
at the border. The border officers of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)
manage, control and secure Canada’s border at approximately 1,200 points
across Canada and 39 locations abroad. These officers face a growing
challenge in intercepting potential threats, including high-risk
individuals, firearms, explosives and drugs, without delaying legitimate
commerce or travel.
The Government is committed to enhancing border
security and the safety of these officers by providing them with sidearms
and the training required for their use. This will be done in a staged
process beginning with high-traffic ports of entry. The Government will
also ensure these officers are not required to work alone.
To address
these objectives, this budget will allocate $101 million over two years.
Security and Prosperity Partnership
of North America
Canada’s prosperity and security are enhanced by working cooperatively
with Mexico and the United States to ensure that North America is the most
economically dynamic region in the world and a secure home for our
citizens. The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP)
provides a framework to advance collaboration with Canada’s neighbours
in areas as diverse as security, trade facilitation, transportation, the
environment and public health. This partnership has increased
institutional contacts between the three governments to respond to a
shared vision of a stronger, more secure and more prosperous region.
In
March this year, the Prime Minister met with the U.S. and Mexican
Presidents in Cancun to celebrate the one-year anniversary of the SPP. On
that occasion, the three leaders reviewed progress on implementation of
the SPP and committed to advance a positive agenda for the continent
focusing on five key priorities:
- The establishment of the North American Competitiveness Council,
which will ensure private industry has a say in making our markets
more competitive.
- A commitment to implementing, within two years, several measures
aimed at continuing to create smarter and safer borders.
- A commitment to increasing cooperation between the three countries
in response to natural or man-made disasters. In particular, the three
countries endorsed guiding principles and made specific commitments
toward a coordinated approach to deal with avian flu or human pandemic
influenza. Budget 2006 investments in these areas are discussed in
"Core Priority: Protecting Canadian Families and
Communities" (above) and "Pandemic Preparedness"
(below).
- A reaffirmed commitment to putting in place a trilateral framework
for regulatory cooperation.
- An initiative to promote innovation and research and development in
areas such as clean energy technologies.
This budget contributes to the SPP work agenda by bringing forward a
border strategy to build smart and secure borders that rely on technology,
information sharing and biometrics. The Government of Canada is also
working with the Government of the United States to assess alternative
documents for cross-border travel based on common standards, as well as
technology and infrastructure requirements, in order to facilitate the
flow of legitimate travellers and goods. Mexico and the United States have
accepted Canada’s invitation to host the next trilateral leaders meeting
in 2007.
To support the SPP agenda, this budget will invest
$303 million over two years on a range of initiatives. Key among
these is the border strategy aimed at efficient and secure movement of
low-risk trade and travellers to and within North America, while
protecting Canadians from threats, including terrorism. This strategy
includes the following key activities, as well as other efforts related to
emerging SPP priorities.
Enhancing Cargo Security and Expediting Processing at the Border
Building on the foundation already established in the sea cargo
environment, Canada will work with the United States to harmonize security
regulations for all cargo in all modes of transportation in order to
facilitate trade and enhance security. In this regard, Budget 2006
provides $172 million over two years to develop and implement an
electronic advance notification system to extend this system to road and
rail cargo.
Opportunities also exist to reduce security risks to aviation
while promoting trade, domestically and internationally. For this purpose,
Budget 2006 allocates $26 million over two years for the design and
pilot testing of an air cargo security initiative. This work will include
the development of measures to ensure cargo security throughout the supply
chain, as well as the evaluation of screening technologies. The CBSA’s
Partners In Protection is a voluntary program that enlists private
industry to enhance cargo security, combat smuggling and terrorism, and
facilitate trade.
The CBSA will explore greater links with the U.S.
Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism program to support joint
efforts for a more secure supply chain and remove obstacles to
cross-border trade.
Budget 2006 provides $5 million over two years in
support of this initiative.
Better Technology to Identify High-Risk Travellers and Better
Procedures to Expedite Low-Risk Travellers
The Advanced Passenger Information System/Passenger Name Record was
implemented in October 2002 to identify and intercept high-risk
individuals travelling to North America by air. Budget 2006 provides
$25 million over two years to expand this program to allow more
effective information gathering from European airlines.
The NEXUS Air
pilot project to speed passage of low-risk travellers between Canada and
the United States has operated at Vancouver International Airport since
the end of 2004. It will be expanded to seven other major Canadian
airports. Budget 2006 provides $25 million over two years in support
of this initiative.
Working With Partners to Assess and Respond to Threats
Budget 2006 provides $12 million over two years to enhance the
capacity to cope with high-risk situations at the border through joint
planning with the United States, including incident response and training
exercises.
First responders reduce the impact on affected Canadians in
disasters or emergencies. They need the proper training and opportunity to
practice through formal exercises. Budget 2006 provides $5 million a
year to PSEPC to augment its National Training and Exercises Program to
provide first responders with such an opportunity.
Canada and the United
States have agreed on a joint vulnerability assessment program to
determine further actions needed to protect critical infrastructure. These
assessments will focus on key economic sectors and will involve many
Canadian and U.S. government departments and agencies. In Canada, PSEPC
will manage the program. Budget 2006 provides $1 million a year to
PSEPC as Canada’s contribution to these assessments.
Pandemic Preparedness
Recent investments in public health by all levels of government have
greatly improved Canada’s overall domestic preparedness to anticipate
and respond effectively to public health threats, including a possible
pandemic. Over the last few years, a Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan has
been put in place and the Public Health Agency of Canada was created to
respond to growing concerns about the capacity of Canada’s public health
system to anticipate and respond effectively to public health threats,
including a pandemic.
This budget provides $1 billion over five years
to further improve Canada’s pandemic preparedness—$600 million to
be allocated to departments and agencies and $400 million to be set
aside as a contingency.
The $600 million will be used primarily by
the Public Health Agency of Canada ($367 million), the Canadian Food
Inspection Agency ($195 million), Health Canada ($16.5 million) and
the Canadian Institutes of Health Research ($21.5 million) for a
variety of pandemic preparedness activities. This includes the purchase of
additional antivirals for the national stockpile, animal health guidelines
and surveillance for wild birds and commercial poultry, laboratory
enhancements and research, and improvements in vaccine readiness and
emergency management preparedness. The Government will work in
collaboration with provinces, territories and other partners as these
activities are implemented.
The $400-million contingency would only be
accessed on an as-needed basis, if a pandemic were to occur or the current
planning environment were to change significantly—for example, if
significant human-to-human transmission were confirmed, resulting in an
elevated pandemic risk or if the World Health Organization declared a
higher level of pandemic risk. The contingency would be used to enhance
Canada’s preparedness if an elevated pandemic risk were to occur and to
address increased operational requirements during a pandemic influenza
outbreak, for example to maintain emergency operations at a higher state
of activity.
Canada’s military has a proud tradition of responding to crises while
fulfilling the fundamental government role of ensuring our national
sovereignty. The international missions now being undertaken call for a
new concept, with different force structures, different equipment and
different operational requirements. The new international role means
Canada’s military and its defence policy need to transform and adapt to
a new operational environment. At home, the Government needs a strong
Canadian Forces (CF) to provide emergency response for such disasters as
floods, storms, earthquakes or the threat of terrorism.
For this reason,
the Government will implement its "Canada First" defence plan to
strengthen Canada’s independent capacity to defend our national
sovereignty and security. Realizing this vision will require large-scale
investments in every region of the country to strengthen the CF.
Budget
2006 will increase the National Defence budget base by $5.3 billion over
five years to:
- Proceed with the transformation of military operations and defence
administration.
- Accelerate the recruitment of 13,000 additional regular forces and
10,000 additional reserve forces personnel.
- Expand training, reduce rank structure overhead, review civilian and
military headquarters functions and increase front-line personnel.
- Increase investment in base infrastructure and housing for our
forces.
- Acquire equipment needed to support a multi-role, combat-capable
maritime, land and air force.
- Increase the CF’s capacity to protect Canada’s Arctic
sovereignty and security.
- Restore the regular army presence in British Columbia.
- Initiate the establishment of territorial battalions.
Table 3.12
Budget 2006 Defence Funding (Budgetary Basis)1
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2006–07 |
2007–08 |
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(millions of
dollars) |
Canada First |
400 |
725 |
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1 The cost of major capital equipment is
spread over its life, so the annual budgetary amounts include only a
portion of the full capital cost. As was the case with the budgetary
increases provided last year, the full cost of capital acquisitions will
be provided on a cash basis in the years they are acquired.
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Royal Canadian Air Force Memorial Museum
Budget 2006 provides $1 million in 2006–07 to the Department of
National Defence to assist in the construction of a new facility to house
the Halifax Bomber at the Royal Canadian Air Force Memorial Museum in
Trenton, Ontario.
Canada needs a robust and up-to-date anti-money laundering and
anti-terrorist financing regime to ensure security for Canadians and to
meet its global responsibilities. Such a regime must evolve to meet
enhanced global standards and risks. Departments and agencies need the
necessary expertise, technology and networks to operate effectively and
efficiently in this important area. In June 2005, the Department of
Finance Canada released a consultation paper on the Proceeds of Crime
(Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act. It proposed legislative
and regulatory changes to implement recent revisions to the Financial
Action Task Force standards and to respond to recent evaluations of the
regime.
In order to fund anticipated initiatives and bolster existing
capacities to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, the
Government is announcing funding of $64 million over the next two
years for the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of
Canada, the RCMP, the CBSA and the Department of Justice Canada.
Legislation will be tabled at the earliest opportunity to make the
necessary enhancements to the regime. For the year starting July 1,
2006, Canada will chair the Financial Action Task Force, the international
standard-setting body, demonstrating leadership and helping advance the
global effort against money laundering and terrorist financing.
Counterfeit currency is a serious problem in Canada, in spite of the
recent introduction of new banknotes with better security features. Budget
2006 provides $9 million over two years for the RCMP to address this
problem through the National Counterfeit Enforcement Strategy. With this
funding, the RCMP will create Integrated Counterfeit Enforcement Teams to
conduct major counterfeiting investigations in Vancouver, Toronto and
Montréal.
Consistent with Canadians’ compassion for the less fortunate, the
Government will advance Canadian values and interests on the international
stage by providing much-needed assistance to the world’s poor. Budget
2006 reaffirms the Government’s commitment to double international
assistance from 2001–02 levels by 2010–11. In line with this
commitment, Canada’s international assistance will grow to about
$3.8 billion in 2006–07 and then to approximately $4.1 billion
in 2007–08.
In addition, the Government will deliver up to
$320 million in further funding for international assistance,
contingent on the 2005–06 federal surplus being greater than
$2 billion (see the section "Restoring Fiscal Balance in
Canada" for details), as follows:
- Up to $250 million to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria to fund activities to prevent and treat these
diseases.
- Up to $45 million to support the Global Polio Eradication
Initiative through funding to the World Health Organization and
UNICEF.
- Up to $25 million to support low-income countries facing
balance of payments crises due, for example, to a natural disaster or
sharp commodity price rise. Funding will be provided through the
International Monetary Fund’s new Exogenous Shocks Facility.
Canada’s support will help these organizations achieve their goals, in
particular on the devastating diseases that kill over six million
people each year, primarily in developing countries.
In line with the
Government’s commitment to fiscal responsibility, Canada will continue
to work toward further increases in international assistance as resources
allow. While more resources are important to help the poorest of the
world, it is equally vital that these resources are used effectively. As
noted in the Speech from the Throne, the Government is committed to a more
effective use of Canadian aid dollars and will work to ensure greater
accountability in the distribution and results of Canada’s international
assistance.
The Government will continue to work with the international
financial institutions to ensure their resources are used effectively to
advance their respective mandates and that Canada’s relationship with
these institutions is effective, accountable and efficient. To this
end, Canada is working to advance reform of the International Monetary
Fund. In addition, the Government intends to amend its European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Agreement Act to allow the EBRD to
begin operations in Mongolia and to accommodate future changes in the Bank’s
countries of operation.
Table 3.13
Security
|
|
2005–06 |
2006–07 |
2007–08 |
Total |
|
|
(millions of
dollars) |
Protecting
Canadian families
and communities |
|
|
|
|
RCMP federal policing |
|
37 |
124 |
161 |
RCMP Depot |
|
17 |
20 |
37 |
Youth crime prevention |
|
10 |
10 |
20 |
National DNA Data Bank |
|
10 |
5 |
15 |
Victims of crime |
|
13 |
13 |
26 |
Core emergency response |
|
19 |
19 |
38 |
Passenger rail and urban transit
security |
|
41 |
53 |
95 |
Canadian Air Transport Security
Authority |
|
45 |
87 |
133 |
|
|
Subtotal |
|
193 |
331 |
524 |
Securing our borders |
|
|
|
|
Armed border presence |
|
33 |
68 |
101 |
Enhancing road and rail cargo
security |
|
92 |
80 |
172 |
Enhancing air cargo security |
|
13 |
13 |
26 |
Securing the supply chain |
|
3 |
2 |
5 |
Identifying high-risk air travellers
(Advanced Passenger Information
System) |
|
12
|
13
|
25
|
NEXUS Air |
|
11 |
14 |
25 |
Business resumption planning |
|
5 |
7 |
12 |
National training and exercises
(national emergency response
system) |
|
5
|
5
|
10
|
Critical infrastructure vulnerability
assessments
(national emergency response
system) |
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
Other initiatives to secure our
borders |
|
13 |
13 |
26 |
|
|
Subtotal |
|
188 |
216 |
404 |
Pandemic preparedness |
|
|
|
|
Enhancing pandemic preparedness |
|
100 |
200 |
300 |
Contingency |
|
70 |
90 |
160 |
|
|
Subtotal |
|
170 |
290 |
460 |
Defence |
|
|
|
|
Canada First |
|
400 |
725 |
1,125 |
Royal Canadian Air Force
Memorial Museum |
|
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
|
Subtotal |
|
401 |
725 |
1,126 |
Security and the financial
system |
|
|
|
|
National initiative to combat |
|
|
|
|
money laundering |
|
35 |
30 |
64 |
National Counterfeit Enforcement
Strategy |
|
5 |
4 |
9 |
|
|
Subtotal |
|
40 |
33 |
73 |
Total |
|
992 |
1,596 |
2,588 |
|
|