Information Kit - Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes occurs when certain specialized parts of the pancreas, known as islet cells, are destroyed and no longer produce insulin. Insulin helps the body efficiently capture energy from the food we eat, and is necessary to the proper functioning of the body. Type 1 diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence (hence the term "juvenile diabetes"), and accounts for 10 per cent of all diabetes cases in Canada.

The causes of type 1 diabetes are largely unknown. The symptoms include:

• frequent urination in large amounts
• excessive thirst
• unusual weight loss
• fatigue
• irritability
• nausea and vomiting, and
• a particular odour to the breath (acetone or sweet)

Although, most people with type 1 experience one or more of the above symptoms before seeing a physician, it is possible for altered consciousness (such as a coma) to be the first symptom of type 1 diabetes.

Managing the disease

Though there is no cure for diabetes, the disease can be managed using a team approach involving family physicians and other service providers. Those with type 1 diabetes must depend on externally supplied insulin in the form of daily injections. They also need to monitor their blood sugar at frequent intervals, and must learn how to adjust their insulin intake according to the amount they plan to eat and exercise. Good nutrition and active lifestyles are key factors in preventing the complications of type 1 diabetes.

www.diabetes.gc.ca

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, (2002)

ISBN 0-662-66545-7
Cat. No. H39-620/2002-3