Report from the National Diabetes Surveillance System: Diabetes in Canada, 2008

Diabetes

• Diabetes is a chronic condition that stems from the body's inability to produce and/or properly use insulin. The body needs insulin to use sugar as an energy source. Diabetes can lead to serious complications and premature death. However, controlling the disease can lower the risk of complications.

Type 1 Diabetes

• Type 1 diabetes occurs when the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed by the immune system and no longer produce insulin. An adequate supply of insulin is needed to help the body function. It usually develops in childhood or adolescence and there is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes

• Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not make enough insulin and/or does not respond well to the insulin it makes. People are usually diagnosed with type 2 diabetes after the age of 40, although it is now also being seen in children and adolescents.

Gestational Diabetes

• Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops in women during pregnancy and disappears after delivery. Gestational diabetes occurs in about 4% of all pregnancies and increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Reducing the Risk of Diabetes

• The risk of developing diabetes can be reduced by making healthy lifestyle choices, such as having a healthy diet, losing excess weight and exercising regularly. Weight loss of 5% to 10% has been shown to significantly reduce risk-about 4.5 to 9 kg (10 to 20 lbs.) for a 90-kg (200-lb.) person.

Living with Diabetes

• Treatment depends on the type of diabetes and can include lifestyle modification and/or medications, including insulin. Regular physical activity and healthy weight are important factors for effective management of diabetes. Controlling blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids are necessary to reduce the complications associated with diabetes. Self-management of diabetes is an essential part of overall care. Regular screening for complications and early treatment can also reduce complications.