[Table of
Contents]
|
|
Volume: 22S1 • April 1996
Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of
Tuberculosis in Canadian Health Care Facilities and
Other Institutional Settings
REFERENCES
- CDC. Nosocomial transmission of
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected
persons — Florida and New York, 1988-1991.
MMWR 1991;40:585-91.
- Coronado VG, Beck-Sagué CM, Hutton MD et
al. Transmission of multidrug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis among persons with
human immunodeficiency virus infection in an urban
hospital: epidemiologic and restriction fragment
length polymorphism analysis. J Infect Dis
1993;168:1052-55.
- Pearson ML, Jereb JA, Frieden TR et al.
Nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a risk to patients
and health care workers. Ann Intern Med
1992;117:191-96.
- Beck-Sagué C, Dooley SW, Hutton MD et al.
Hospital outbreak of multidrug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections: factors
in transmission to staff and HIV-infected
patients. JAMA 1992;268:1280-86.
- Edlin BR, Tokars JI, Grieco MH et al. An
outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among
hospitalized patients with the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med
1992;326:1514-21.
-
Jarvis WR. Nosocomial transmission of
multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Res Microbiol
1993;144;2:117-22.
- Fridkin SK, Manangan L, Bolyard E et al.
SHEA-CDC TB Survey, Part I: Status of TB Infection
Control Programs at Member Hospitals, 1989-1992
and Part II: Efficacy of TB Infection Control
Programs at Member Hospitals, 1992. Infect
Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16;3:129-40.
- Statistics Canada. Tuberculosis statistics
1993. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1995 (Cat. No.
82-220).
- Tuberculosis Committee, Canadian Thoracic
Society. Essentials of tuberculosis control for
the practising physician. Can Med Assoc J
1994;150:1561-71.
- Statistics Canada. Tuberculosis statistics
1990. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1992 (Cat. No.
82-003S10).
- Statistics Canada. Tuberculosis statistics
1991. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1993 (Cat. No.
82-220).
- Statistics Canada. Tuberculosis statistics
1992. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1994 (Cat. No.
82-220).
- Gaudette LA, Ellis E. Tuberculosis in Canada:
a focal disease requiring distinct control strategies
for different risk groups. Tuber Lung Dis
1993;74:244-53.
- Orr P, Manfreda J, Hershfield E. Tuberculosis
surveillance in immigrants to Manitoba. Can Med
Assoc J 1990;142:453-58.
- Health and Welfare Canada. Guidelines for the
investigation of individuals who were placed under
surveillance for tuberculosis post-landing in
Canada. CCDR 1992;18:153-60.
- Enarson DA, Wade JP, Embree V. Risk of
tuberculosis in Canada: implications for priorities
in programs directed at specific groups. Can J
Public Health 1987;78:305-08.
- Enarson DA, Wang J, Dirks JM. The incidence of
active tuberculosis in a large urban area. Am J
Epidemiol 1989;129:1268-76.
- Korzeniewska-Kosela M, FitzGerald JM, Vedal S et
al. Spectrum of tuberculosis in patients with HIV
infection in British Columbia: report of 40
cases. Can Med Assoc J 1992;146:1927-34.
- Bloch AB, Cauthen GM, Onorato IM et al.
Nationwide survey of drug-resistant tuberculosis
in the United States. JAMA 1994;271:665-71.
- Eidus L, Jessamine AG, Hershfield ES et al. A
national study to determine the prevalence of drug
resistance in newly discovered previously untreated
tuberculosis patients as well as in retreatment
cases. Can J Public Health 1978;69:146-53.
- Long R, Fitzgerald M, Fanning A, Cowie R,
Hoeppner V and the Western Canada Tuberculosis Group.
Antituberculous drug resistance in Western
Canada (1993-94). Am J Respir Crit Care Med
1995;151:A513 (Abstract).
- Selwyn PA, Hartel D, Lewis VA et al. A
prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among
intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency
virus infection. N Engl J Med 1989;320:545-50.
- Barnes PF, Bloch AB, Davidson PT et al.
Tuberculosis in patients with human
immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med
1991;324:1644-50.
- Troy CJ. Epidemiology of tuberculosis in
Ontario 1989-1992. Public Health and Epidemiology
Report Ontario (PHERO) 1994;5:63-72.
- Fanning A, Devine R, Flowerdew G. Human HIV
seroprevalence in newly-diagnosed cases of
tuberculosis (TB) in Alberta, Canada. Am Rev Resp
Disease 1993;147:Suppl A488.
- Canadian Thoracic Society, Tuberculosis Directors
of Canada, and Health and Welfare Canada.
Guidelines for the identification, investigation
and treatment of individuals with concomitant
tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus
infection. CCDR 1992;18:155-60.
- Holton D, Gibson H, Whyman C et al. TB
hospital readiness study, 1989-1993. Presented at
the 1995 CHICA Conference, May 1-3, 1995, Winnipeg,
Manitoba.
- Menzies D, Fanning A, Yuan L et al.
Tuberculosis among health care workers. N Engl
J Med 1995;332:92-8.
- Bleiker MA. Epidemiological trends in low
prevalence countries. Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung
Dis 1974;49:128-35.
- Sepkowitz K. Tuberculosis and the health care
worker: a historical perspective. Ann Intern Med
1994;120:71-9.
- Grzybowski S, Allen EA, Black WA et al.
Inner-city survey for tuberculosis: evaluation of
diagnostic methods. Am Rev Respir Dis
1987;135:1311-15.
- Stead WW. Tuberculosis among elderly persons:
an outbreak in a nursing home. Ann Intern Med
1981;94:606-10.
- Small PM, Shafer RW, Hopewell PC et al.
Exogenous reinfection with multidrug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with
advanced HIV infection. N Engl J Med
1993;328:1137-44.
- Beresford OD. Tuberculin skin sensitivity in
old age. Am Rev Resp Dis 1958;77:323-28.
- Barnett GD, Grzybowski S, Styblo K. Present
risk of developing active tuberculosis in
Saskatchewan according to previous tuberculin and
x-ray status. Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis
1971;45:51-74.
- CDC. Guidelines for preventing the
transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in
health-care facilities, 1994. MMWR 1994;43(No.
RR-13):1-132.
- Colditz GA, Brewer TF, Berkley CS et al.
Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of
tuberculosis: meta-analysis of the published
literature. JAMA 1994;271:698-702.
- Health and Welfare Canada. Infection control
guidelines: organization of infection control
programs in health care facilities. Ottawa,
Health and Welfare Canada, 1990. (Supply and Services
Canada, Cat. No. H30-11-6-5E.)
- Styblo K, Salomäo MA. National
tuberculosis control programs. In: Reichman LB,
Hershfield ES, editors. Tuberculosis: A
comprehensive international approach. New York:
Marcel Dekker, 1993:573-600.
- Last J. A dictionary of epidemiology. 2nd
ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1988.
- CDC. Screening for tuberculosis and
tuberculous infection in high-risk populations, and
the use of preventive therapy for tuberculous
infection in the United States: recommendations of
the Advisory Committee for the Elimination of
Tuberculosis. MMWR 1990;39(No. RR-8):1-12.
- American Thoracic Society and CDC. Diagnostic
standards and classification of tuberculosis. Am
Rev Respir Dis 1990;142:725-35.
- Standards Committee (Tuberculosis), Canadian
Thoracic Society. Canadian tuberculosis
standards. 3rd ed. Ottawa: Canadian Lung
Association, 1988.
- Barnes PF, Barrows SA. Tuberculosis in the
1990s. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:400-10.
- CDC. Guidelines for preventing the
transmission of tuberculosis in health care settings,
with special focus on HIV-related issues. MMWR
1990;39(No. RR-17):1-27.
- CDC. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
transmission in a health clinic — Florida,
1988. MMWR 1989;38:256-64.
- Kantor HS, Poblete R, Pusateri SL. Nosocomial
transmission of tuberculosis from unsuspected
disease. Am J Med 1988;84:833-38.
- Goldman KP. Tuberculosis in hospital
doctors. Tubercle 1988;69:237-40.
- Catanzaro A. Nosocomial tuberculosis. Am
Rev Respir Dis 1982;125:559-62.
- Ehrenkranz NJ, Kicklighter JL. Tuberculosis
outbreak in a general hospital: evidence for airborne
spread of infection. Ann Intern Med
1972;77:377-82.
- Haley CE, McDonald RC, Rossi L et al.
Tuberculosis epidemic among hospital
personnel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
1989;10:204-10.
- Riley RL. Airborne infection. Am J Med
1974;57:466-75.
- Narain JP, Lofgren JP, Warren E et al.
Epidemic tuberculosis in a nursing home: a
retrospective cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc
1985;33:258-63.
- Stead WW, Lofgren JP, Warren E et al.
Tuberculosis as an endemic and nosocomial
infection among the elderly in nursing homes. N
Engl J Med 1985;312:1483-87.
- Health and Welfare Canada and the Medical
Research Council of Canada. Laboratory biosafety
guidelines. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada,
1990 (Cat. No. MR 21-1/1990E).
- CDC. The use of preventive therapy for
tuberculosis infection in the United States:
recommendations of the Advisory Committee for the
Elimination of Tuberculosis. MMWR 1990;39(No.
RR-8):9-12.
- American Thoracic Society and CDC. Treatment
of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults
and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med
1994;149:159-74.
- Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee,
Canadian Paediatric Society. Short-course therapy
for tuberculosis in infants and children. Can Med
Assoc J 1994;150:1233-39.
- Canadian Standards Association. Special
requirements for heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems in health care
facilities: a national standard of Canada.
1991.(CAN/CSA-Z317.2-M91.)
- Otten J, Chen J, Cleary T. Successful control of
an outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in an
urban teaching hospital. World Congress of
Tuberculosis. Program and abstracts. Bethesda, Md.:
National Institutes of Health, 1992;51. Abstract.
- Sharp V, Lockhart B, Brassel J et al. Dramatic
decrease of MDR-TB after implementing CDC/New York
State TB control measures at a New York City outbreak
hospital. In: Proceedings of the Ninth
International Conference on AIDS/Fourth STD World
Congress, Berlin, Germany, June 6-11, 1993. London:
Wellcome Foundation, 1993:329. Abstract.
- Kent J, Pearson ML, Hewlett D et al. Control
of nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among HIV-positive (HIV+)
patients. In: Proceedings of the Ninth
International Conference on AIDS/Fourth STD World
Congress, Berlin, Germany, June 6-11, 1993. London:
Wellcome Foundation, 1993:330. Abstract.
- Stroud LA, Tokars JI, Grieco MH et al.
Evaluation of infection control measures in
preventing the nosocomial transmission of
multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in a New York City hospital. Infect Control Hosp
Epidemiol 1995;16:141-47.
- Jarvis WR. Nosocomial transmission of
multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Am J Infect Control
1995;23:146-51.
- Grist NR, Emslie JAN. Infections in British
clinical laboratories, 1988-1989. J Clin Pathol
1991;44:667-69.
- Nardell EA. Fans, filters or rays? Pros and
cons of the current environmental tuberculosis
control technologies. Infect Control Hosp
Epidemiol 1993;14:681-85.
- Fraser VJ, Johnson K, Primack J et al.
Evaluation of rooms with negative pressure
ventilation used for respiratory isolation in seven
midwestern hospitals. Infect Control Hosp
Epidemiol 1993;14:623-28.
- American Thoracic Society. Control of
tuberculosis in the United States. Am Rev Respir
Dis 1992;146:1623-33.
- Riley RL, Nardell EA. Clearing the air: the
theory and application of ultraviolet air
disinfection. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:1286-94.
- Calder RA, Duclos P, Wilder MH et al.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in
a health clinic. Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis
1991;66:103-06.
- Hutton MD, Stead WW, Cauthen GM et al.
Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis associated
with a draining abscess. J Infect Dis
1990;161:286-95.
- Dooley SW, Villarino ME, Lawrence M et al.
Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis in a
hospital unit for HIV-infected patients. JAMA
1992;267:2632-34.
- Fischl MA, Uttamchandani RB, Daikos GL et al.
An outbreak of tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug
resistant tubercle bacilli among patients with HIV
infection. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:177-83.
- Nardell EA, Keegan J, Cheney SA et al.
Airborne infection: theoretical limits of
protection achievable by building ventilation. Am
Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:302-06.
- Riley RL. Aerial dissemination of pulmonary
tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuber Pulmon Dis
1957;76:931-41.
- Macher JM. The use of germicidal lamps to
control tuberculosis in health care facilities.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14:723-29.
- ASHRAE handbook. Heating, ventilating and air
conditioning systems and applications. Atlanta, GA:
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Engineers, 1995 (updated every four
years).
- Health and Welfare Canada. Infection control
guidelines: V. Guidelines for hospital environmental
control. Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada, 1988
(Supply and Services Canada, Cat. No. H30-11-6-4E.)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health. NIOSH recommended guidelines for personal
respiratory protection of workers in health-care
facilities potentially exposed to tuberculosis.
Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services,
1992:1-55.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
CFR 1910.134: occupational safety and health
standards, personal protective equipment, respiratory
protection. In: Code of federal regulations.
Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register,
1994.
- Adal KA, Anglim AM, Palumbo CL et al. The use
of high-efficiency particulate air-filter respirators
to protect hospital workers from tuberculosis: a
cost-effectiveness analysis. N Engl J Med
1994;331:169-73.
- Nettleman MD, Fredrickson M, Good NL et al.
Tuberculosis control strategies: the cost of
particulate respirators. Ann Intern Med
1994;121:37-40.
- Skinner C, Ormerod P, Campbell I et al.
Control and prevention of tuberculosis in the
United Kingdom: Code of Practice 1994. Thorax
1994;49:1193-200.
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH). CFR 42 part 84, RIN0905-AB58.
Protective devices: final rules and notice. In:
Rules and Regulations. Vol 60, No 110, June 8,
1995. Atlanta: CDC.
- Riley RL. Airborne pulmonary tuberculosis.
Bacteriol Rev 1961:25:243-48.
- Chen CC, Willeke K. Aerosol penetration
through surgical masks. Am J Infect Control
1992;20:177-84.
- Nicas M. Respiratory protection and the risk
of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Am J Industr Med 1995;27:317-33.
- Canadian Standards Association. Selection,
use, and care of respirators. 1993
(CAN/CSA-Z94.4-93.)
- National Institute for Occupational Health and
Safety. Guide to industrial respiratory
protection. Morgantown, WV: US Department of
Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
CDC, 1987; DHHS publication no. (NIOSH) 87-116.
- Iseman, MD. A leap of faith: what can we do to
curtail intrainstitutional transmission of
tuberculosis? Ann Intern Med 1992;117:251-53.
- CDC. Transmission of multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis among immunocompromised persons in a
correctional system — New York, 1991. MMWR
1992;41:507-09.
- CDC. Probable transmission of
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a correctional
facility—California. MMWR 1993;42:48-51.
- Pelletier AR, DiFernando GT, Greenberg AJ et al.
Tuberculosis in a correctional facility. Arch
Intern Med 1993;153:2692-95.
- Snider DE. Decision analysis for isoniazid
preventive therapy: take it or leave it? Am Rev
Respir Dis 1988;137:2-3.
- Kopanoff DE, Snider DE,, Caras GJ.
Isoniazid-related hepatitis. Am Rev Respir Dis
1978;117:991.
- O'Brien RJ. The treatment of tuberculosis. In:
Reichman LB, Hershfield ES, eds. Tuberculosis: a
comprehesive international approach. Vol 66 of
Lung biology in health and disease series.
Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993:207-40.
[Previous] [Table of Contents]
|