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Volume: 24S5 - September 1998

Canadian Integrated Surveillance Report for 1995 on Salmonella,
Campylobacter and Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Appendix B : Details - Selected Salmonella Phage Types

Table of Contents

For S. typhimurium, 10% (133)  and 4% (11) of the isolates from human cases and non-human isolates respectively were assessed for phage type. These phage typing rates represent a substantial increase for human cases and a decrease for non-human cases compared with 1994 (Table 4). Three phage types (PT 104, PT 82, PT 12a) accounted for 59% of the human and 27% of the non-human S. typhimurium phage types identified.

S. typhimurium PT 104 (DT104) isolates were identified in 48 human cases and from two non-human sources (10 human, 20 non-human 1994; 3 human, 4 non-human 1993). Most of the human isolates were from British Columbia (42, 1.1/100,000) with five isolates from Quebec and one from Saskatchewan. The cases were observed between the months of June and December, 40% of them occurring in October (19/48). No association with age or gender was observed. The non-human isolates came from bovine sources in British Columbia.

S. typhimurium PT 82 isolates were identified in 21 human cases and one non-human source in 1995 and were not detected  in 1993 or 1994.All cases were from five localities in Saskatchewan and occurred between mid-June and mid-July, including the isolate from the non-human source (an egg roll).

S. typhimurium PT 12a isolates were identified in 10 human cases and no non-human sources. Most of these cases (9) appear to have been from an outbreak in early December in Quebec, and one case was from British Columbia.

For S. enteritidis, 30% (289) and 32% (14) of the isolates from human cases and non-human isolates respectively were assessed for phage type. The phage typing rate was similar to 1994 for human isolates but substantially decreased for non-human isolates. Three phage types (PT 4, PT 8, PT 13a) accounted for 69% of the human isolates and 71% of the non-human S. enteritidis phage types identified.

S. enteritidis PT 4 isolates were identified in 98 human cases but only from two non-human sources (92 human, 7 non-human 1994;  84 human, 0 non-human 1993). The human cases occurred throughout the year and were from Alberta (24; 0.9/100,000), British Columbia (20; 0.5/100,000),  Quebec (52; 0.7/100,000), Nova Scotia (1) and Manitoba (1). This phage type was found to cause infection during all seasons of the year and was responsible for 17% of the cases in children < 3 years of age. The non-human isolates, from Quebec, consisted of  a duck and an unspecified animal.

S. enteritidis PT 8 isolates were identified from 85 human cases and from eight non-human sources (173 human, 17 non-human 1994; 147 human, 17 non-human 1993). The human cases occurred throughout the year; 13% of the cases occurred in children < 3 years of age and 16% in adults between the ages of 40 and 43. The cases were principally from Alberta (18; 0.6/100,000), British Columbia (18; 0.6/100,000) and Quebec (34; 0.5/100,000).  The non-human isolates were mostly from animals (7) (chickens, a tiger, and unspecified animals)  and one food product (chicken).

S. enteritidis PT 13a  isolates were identified from 16 human cases and from no non-human sources (8 human, 7 non-human 1994; 19 human, 1 non-human 1993). The cases were from Alberta (3), British Columbia (2), Quebec (9) and one case each in Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan. These cases were distributed throughout the year.

For S. heidelberg, 15% (99) and 7% (35) of the isolates from human cases and non-human isolates respectively were assessed for phage type. The phage typing rate was much lower than 1994 for human isolates but substantially increased for non-human isolates. Two phage types PT 6 (prov) and PT 8 (prov), accounted for 85% of the human and 89% of the non-human S. heidelberg phage types identified.

S. heidelberg PT 6 (prov) isolates were identified in 77 human cases and from 29 non-human sources (88 human, 15 non-human 1994; 32 human, 7 non-human 1993). Human cases occurred throughout the year in 1995, whereas  in 1994 cases were found to occur between December and January. The human cases were from British Columbia (41, 1.1/100,000), New Brunswick (14, 1.8/100,000), Quebec (10, 0.1/100,000), Alberta (9, 0.3/100,000), Newfoundland (2, 0.3/100,000) and Prince Edward Island (1, 0.7/100,000). The non-human isolates were mostly from animals (eight turkey, 14 chicken, two dogs and one mink) or farm sources (chicken fluff , feeds) and 72% were isolated from June to mid September. All but three of the non-human samples came from British Columbia.

S. heidelberg PT 8 (prov) isolates were identified in seven human cases and from two non-human sources (23 human, 3 non-human 1994; 1 human, 15 non-human 1993). The human cases were from British Columbia (3, 0.1/100,000), Alberta (2, 0.1/100,000) and New Brunswick (2, 0.3/100,000). Most of the cases occurred between the months of May and October. The non-human isolates were from animals (one turkey - British Columbia, one pig - Alberta).

For S. hadar, 9% (53) and 6% (15) of the isolates from human cases and non-human isolates respectively were assessed for phage type. The phage typing rate was similar to 1994 for human isolates and substantially increased for non-human isolates. Phage type PT 2 and PT 10 accounted for 51% and 17% respectively of the human S. hadar phage types identified and 40% and 27% respectively of the non-human phage types.

S. hadar PT 2 isolates were identified in 27 human cases and from six non-human sources (53 human, 1 non-human 1994; 41 human, 10 non-human 1993). The cases were from  British Columbia (15, 0.4/100,000), Alberta (8, 0.3/100,000) and Prince Edward Island (4, 3/100,000). The non-human isolates were from four animal types (two turkeys, two chickens, one mink and one salmon) with food being the source of the isolate in two cases (one chicken and one salmon). Most of the human cases occurred from June to November with a peak incidence in August.

S. hadar PT 10 isolates were identified in nine human cases and from four non-human sources (4 human, 0 non-human 1994; 0 human, 0 non-human 1993). The cases were from British Columbia (3) and Alberta (6). The non-human isolates were from chickens.

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