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Volume: 25S5 - August 1999

Proceedings of the National Varicella Consensus Conference
Montreal, Quebec
May 5-7, 1999

Appendix C Background Reference Materials

Overview of VZV Infections/General Epidemiology

  1. Boulianne N, Duval B, De Serres G et al. History of varicella in children aged 8 to 10 years old and the perception of their parents of the usefulness of the varicella vaccine. Poster presentation (abstract). 3rd National Immunization Conference, Calgary 1998.

  2. CDC. Varicella-related deaths among children - United States, 1997. MMWR 1998;47:365-68.

  3. CDC. Varicella-related deaths among adults - United States, 1997. MMWR 1997;46:409-12.

  4. CDC. Evaluation of varicella reporting to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System - United States, 1972-1997. MMWR 1999;48:55-8.

  5. De Serres G. Epidemiological modelling of varicella in Canada (unpublished abstract).

  6. Donahue JG, Choo PW, Manson JE et al. The incidence of herpes zoster. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1605-09.

  7. Fairley CK, Miller E. Varicella-zoster virus epidemiology - a changing scene? J Infect Dis 1996;174(Suppl 3):S314-19.

  8. Finger R, Finger JP, Meade BJ et al. Age-specific incidence of chickenpox. Public Health Rep 1994;109:750-54.

  9. Guess HA, Broughton DD, Melton III LJ et al. Chickenpox hospitalizations among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1962 through 1981. Am J Dis Child 1984;138:1055-57.

  10. Guess HA, Broughton DD, Melton III LJ et al. Epidemiology of herpes zoster in children and adolescents: a population-based study. Pediatrics 1985;76:512-17.

  11. Halloran EM, Cochi SL, Lieu TA et al. Theoretical epidemiologic and morbidity effects of routine varicella immunization of preschool children in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:81-104.

  12. Law B. Varicella dangers. Contemporary Pediatrics 1998;Dec:6-10.

  13. Lieu TA, Black SB, Takahashi H et al. Varicella serology among school age children with a negative or uncertain history of chickenpox. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:120-25.

  14. Orenstein WA, Bernier RH. Surveillance in the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. In: Halperin W, Baker E (eds). Public health surveillance. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992:76-100.

  15. Preblud SR, Orenstein WA , Bart KJ. Varicella: clinical manifestations, epidemiology and health impact in children. Pediatr Infect Dis 1984;3:505-09.

  16. Varughese PV. Chickenpox in Canada, 1924-1987. CDWR 1987;13:159-62.

  17. Wharton M. The epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1996;10(3):571-81.

  18. Yawn BP, Yawn RA, Lydick E. Community impact of childhood varicella infections. J Pediatrics 1997;130:759-65.

Risk Factors for Varicella Complications

  1. CDC. Outbreak of invasive group A streptococcus associated with varicella in a childcare center - Boston, Massachusetts, 1997. MMWR 1997;46:944-48.

  2. Davies HD, McGeer A, Schwartz B et al. Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada. N Engl J Med 1996;335:547-54.

  3. Vugia DJ, Peterson CL, Meyers HB et al. Invasive group A streptococcal infections in children with varicella in southern California. Pediatric Infect Dis J 1996;15:146-50.

Infection Control Issues

  1. CDC. Immunization of health-care workers. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HIPAC). MMWR 1997;46:RR18:1-43.

  2. Nettleman MD, Schmid M. Controlling varicella in the healthcare setting: the cost effectiveness of using varicella vaccine in healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18:504-08.

  3. Weber DJ, Rutala WA, Parham C. Impact and costs of varicella prevention in a university hospital. Am J Public Health 1988;78:19-23.

  4. Weber DJ, Rutala WA, Hamilton H. Prevention and control of varicella-zoster infections in healthcare facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996;17:694-705.

Varicella Vaccine/Vaccine Use

Product Monographs

  1. Merck Frosst Canada Inc. Product Monograph - VARIVAX®. Kirkland QC: Merck Frosst Canada Inc., 1998:1-16.

  2. SmithKline Beecham. International Product Monograph - VarilrixTM. Oakville, ON: SmithKline Beecham. (Product not yet approved in Canada).

Statements/Recommendations

  1. CDC. Prevention of varicella - Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1996;45(RR-11):1-36.

  2. National Advisory Committee on Immunization. Statement on recommended use of varicella virus vaccine. CCDR 1999;25(ACS-1):1-16.

  3. WHO. Varicella vaccines - WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1998;73:241-48.

  4. WHO. Varicella vaccination - recommendations of the European Advisory Group (unpublished document).

Effectiveness, Immunogenicity and Safety - General

  1. Krause P, Klinman D. Efficacy, immunogenicity, safety and use of live attenuated chickenpox vaccine. J Pediatr 1995;127:518-25.

  2. Meurice F, De Bouver JL, Vandevoorde D et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a live attenuated varicella vaccine (Oka/SB Bio) in healthy children. J Infect Dis 1996;174(Suppl 3):S324-29.

  3. Varis T, Vesikari T. Efficacy of high-titer live attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy young children. J Infect Dis 1996;174(Suppl 3):S330-34.

  4. Watson B, Boardman C, Laufer D et al. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in healthy children after one or two doses of varicella vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:316-19.

  5. Watson B, Rothstein E, Bernstein H et al. Safety and cellular and humoral immune responses of a booster dose of varicella vaccine 6 years after primary immunization. J Infect Dis 1995;172:217-19.

Postvaccination Rash/Herpes Zoster, Transmissibility of Vaccine Virus

  1. Hardy I, Gershon AA, Steinberg S et al. The incidence of zoster after immunization with live attenuated varicella virus. A study in children with leukemia. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1545-50.

  2. LaRussa P, Steinberg S, Meurice F et al. Transmission of vaccine strain varicella-zoster virus from a healthy adult with vaccine-associated rash to susceptible household contacts. J Infect Dis 1997;176:1072-75.

  3. Salzman MB, Sharrar RG, Steinberg S et al. Transmission of varicella-vaccine virus from a healthy 12-month child to his pregnant mother. J Pediatr 1997;131:151-54.

  4. Watson BM, Piercy SA, Plotkin SA et al. Modified chickenpox in children immunized with the Oka/Merck varicella vaccine. Pediatrics 1993;91:17-22.

Vaccine Use in Special Groups/Special Settings

  1. Gershon A, Silverstein S. Live attenuated varicella vaccine for prevention of herpes zoster. Biologicals 1997;25:227-30.

  2. Izurieta HS, Strebel PM, Blake PA. Postlicensure effectiveness of varicella vaccine during an outbreak in a child care center. JAMA 1997;278:1495-99.

  3. Levin MJ, Barber D, Goldblatt E et al. Use of a live attenuated varicella vaccine to boost varicella-specific immune responses in seropositive people 55 years of age and older: duration of booster effect. J Infect Dis 1998;178(Suppl 1):S109-12.

Vaccine Coverage

  1. CDC. National, state and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months - United States, July 1996 - June 1997. MMWR 1998;47:108-16.

Economic Studies of Varicella/Varicella Vaccination

  1. Beutels P, Clara R, Tormans G et al. Costs and benefits of routine varicella vaccination in German children. J Infect Dis 1996;174(Suppl 3):S335-41.

  2. De Wals P, Blackburn M, Guay M, Bravo G, Blanchette D, Douville-Fradet M. Fardeau de la varicelle pour les familles au Québec. Enquête auprès d'un échantillon représentatif des ménages. Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.

  3. Lieu TA, Black SB, Rieser N et al. The cost of childhood chickenpox: parents' perspective. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;13:173-77.

  4. Lieu TA, Cochi SL, Black SB et al. Cost-effectiveness of a routine varicella vaccination program for US children. JAMA 1994;271:375-81.

  5. Saddier P, Floret D, Guess A et al. Cost of varicella in France: a study in day care centers. J Infect Dis 1998;178(Suppl 1):S58-63.

 

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