Report 3 - Exploring the Link Between Work-Life Conflict and Demands on Canada's Health Care System

Appendix B - Perceived Health and Use of the Health Care System

1. Results Obtained for Total Sample

Note: X = mean; sd = standard deviation

2. Comparison: Gender by Job Type

	Manager/Professional		"Other"
	Male	Female	Male	Female
Perceived Health
Excellent/Very Good	50.6%	52.1%	44.6%	45.7%
Good	34.7%	33.2%	37.0%	35.5%
Fair/Poor	14.8%	14.6%	18.5%	18.8%
Mean	3.50%	3.52%	3.35%	3.36%
F = 51.80 (3df) = 0.0001 Male M/P > Male O, Female O; Female M/P > Male O, Female O
Physician Visits
% Visiting	49.5%	55.5%	50.7%	58.1%
X Visits (Users)	2.70%	2.86%	2.78%	3.03%
F = 17.6 (3df) = 0.0001 Female M/P > Male M/P; Female O > all other groups
X Visits (Total)	1.33%	1.57%	1.39%	1.74%
F = 56.82 (3df) = 0.0001 Female M/P > Male M/P, Male O; Female O > all other groups
Visits to Other Health Care Professionals
% Visiting	27.5%	33.6%	27.6%	32.8%
X Visits (Users)	4.84%	5.19%	4.59%	5.11%
F = 11.0 (3df) = 0.001; Female M/P > Male M/P, Male O; Female O > Male O, Male M/P
X Visits (Total)	1.29%	1.67%	1.21%	1.58%
F = 35.5 (3df) = 0.001; Female M/P > Male M/P, Male O; Female O > Male O, Male M/P
Visits to Mental Health Professionals
% Visiting	8.3%	12.8%	7.6%	12.0%
X Visits (Users)	4.20%	4.05%	4.25%	4.04%
F = 0.70 (3df) = 0.56; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Visits (Total)	0.33%	0.50%	0.31%	0.45%
F = 35.5 (3df) = 0.001 Female M/P > Male M/P, Male O; Female O > Male O, Male M/P
Inpatient Treatment
% Overnight	5.2%	5.6%	5.7%	6.6%
X Nights (Users)	2.58%	2.23%	2.57%	2.42%
F = 1.79 (3df) = 0.17; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Nights (Total)	0.12%	0.12%	0.13%	0.14%
F = 1.96 (3df) = 0.12; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
Visits to Emergency Departments
% Visiting	10.9%	10.9%	14.4%	14.6%
X Visits (Users)	1.56%	1.51%	1.62%	1.62%
F = 1.76 (3df) = 0.16; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Visits (Total)	0.16%	0.19%	0.22%	0.23%
F = 11.84 (3df) = 0.0001 Female O > Female M/P, Male M/P; Male O > Female M/P, Male M/P
Outpatient Treatment
% Who Received	25.4%	29.9%	24.7%	31.1%
X Times (Users)	1.94%	1.85%	1.95%	1.88%
F = 2.0 (3df) = 0.11; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Times (Total)	0.47%	0.56%	0.44%	0.56%
F = 17.6 (3df) = 0.001 Female M/P > Male M/P, Male O; Female O > Male O, Male M/P
Percent Spending Following Amounts on Prescription Drugs in Past Six Months
Nothing	53.6%	39.1%	52.4%	36.4%
$1 to $150	29.5%	42.5%	31.6%	42.8%
> $150	16.9%	18.2%	16.0%	20.8%
Chi-square = 630.14 (6) = 0.001

Note: M/P = Manager/Professional; O = "Other"

3. Comparison: Gender by Dependent Care (DC) Status

	Male		Female
	No DC	DC	No DC	DC
Perceived Health
Excellent/Very Good	51.4%	45.9%	50.3%	46.4%
Good	33.4%	37.1%	34.0%	35.7%
Fair/Poor	15.2%	17.0%	15.6%	17.9%
Mean	3.52%	3.40%	3.51%	3.40%
F = 17.7 (3df) = 0.0001 Female No D > Male D, Female D; Male No D > Female D, Male D
Physician Visits
% Visiting	49.3%	50.0%	56.2%	57.4%
X Visits (Users)	2.74%	2.73%	2.91%	3.00%
F = 12.7 (3df) = 0.0001 Female D > Male D, Male No D; Female No D > Male D, Male No D
X Visits (Total)	1.34%	1.35%	1.62%	1.69%
F = 51.54 (3df) = 0.0001 Female D > Male D, Male No D; Female No D > Male D, Male No D
Visits to Other Health Care Professionals
% Visiting	26.7%	27.7%	32.7%	33.3%
X Visits (Users)	4.72%	4.72%	5.01%	5.15%
F = 10.1 (3df) = 0.001 Female No D > Male D, Male No D; Female D > Male D, Male No D
X Visits (Total)	1.21%	1.26%	1.58%	1.62%
F = 38.1 (3df) = 0.001 Female No D > Male D, Male No D; Female D > Male D, Male No D
Visites chez un professionnel de la santé mentale
% Visiting	6.6%	8.9%	11.0%	13.2%
X Visits (Users)	4.26%	4.18%	4.21%	3.90%
F = 2.53 (3df) = 0.05; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Visits (Total)	0.27%	0.35%	0.43%	0.48%
F = 23.1 (3df) = 0.001 Male D > Male No D; Female No D > Male D, Male No D; Female D > Female No D, Male D, Male No D
Inpatient Treatment
% Overnight	5.4%	5.5%	5.6%	6.6%
X Nights (Users)	2.73%	2.46%	2.32%	2.38%
F = 1.71 (3df) = 0.17; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Nights (Total)	0.13%	0.12%	0.12%	0.14%
F = 1.76 (3df) = 0.12; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
Visits to Emergency Departments
% Visiting	12.1%	12.7%	13.3%	13.9%
X Visits (Users)	1.60%	1.60%	1.49%	1.65%
F = 2.96 (3df) = 0.03; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Visits (Total)	0.19%	0.21%	0.19%	0.23%
F = 3.04 (3df) = 0.03; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
Outpatient Treatment
% Who Received	24.3%	25.4%	29.4%	31.5%
X Number (Users)	1.87%	1.92%	1.88%	1.93%
F = 0.82 (3df) = 0.48; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X nombre (total)	0.44%	0.47%	0.53%	0.58%
F = 23.3 (3df) = 0.001; Female No D > Male D, Male No D; Female D > Female No D, Male D, Male No D
Pourcentage ayant dépensé les montants suivants en médicaments sur ordonnance dans les six derniers mois
Nothing	54.1%	52.8%	37.8%	38.3%
$1 to $150	30.0%	30.6%	43.7%	40.8%
> $150	15.9%	16.7%	18.5%	20.9%
Chi-square = 671.73 (6) = 0.001

Note: DC, D = Dependent Care

4. Comparison: Gender by Sector of Employment

	Public Sector		Private Sector		Not-for-Profit Sector
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Perception de la santé
Excellent/ Very Good	46.1%	45.8%	48.8%	46.8%	51.1%	52.6%
Good	36.3%	35.4%	35.8%	34.6%	34.3%	33.1%
Fair/Poor	17.6%	18.8%	15.4%	16.3%	14.6%	14.2%
Mean	3.36%	3.37%	3.50%	3.45%	3.50%	3.50%
F = 23.0 (5df) = 0.0001 Male Priv. > Female PS, Male PS; Male NFP > Female PS, Male PS; Female NFP > Female PS, Male PS
Physician Visits
% Visiting	51.5%	59.7%	42.5%	53.2%	49.9%	55.5%
X Visits (Users)	2.83%	3.05%	2.45%	2.81%	2.70%	2.89%
F = 15.23 (5df) = 0.0001 Female PS > all other groups; Male Priv. < all other groups
X Visits (Total)	1.45%	1.80%	1.02%	1.47%	1.30%	1.59%
F = 56.23 (5df) = 0.0001 Female PS > all other groups; Male Priv. < all other groups; Female NFP > Male PS, Male Priv., Male NFP; Female Priv. > Male Priv. (i.e. women greater than men within sector), Male PS > Male NFP
Visits to Other Health Care Professionals
% Visiting	27.7%	35.0%	23.9%	30.2%	28.4%	32.3%
X Visits (Users)	4.68%	5.23%	4.34%	4.98%	4.95%	5.07%
F = 9.25 (5df) = 0.0001 Male Priv. < all other groups; Female PS > Male PS; Female NFP > Male PS
X Visits (Total)	1.25%	1.75%	0.99%	1.42%	1.35%	1.54%
F = 34.15 (5df) = 0.0001 Male Priv. < all other groups; Female PS > Male PS, Male Priv., Male NFP; Female Priv. > Male PS, Male Priv., Male NFP; Female NFP > Male PS, Male Priv., Male NFP (i.e. women greater than men within sector)
Visits to Mental Health Professionals
% Visiting	8.4%	13.1%	6.4%	11.0%	8.1%	11.7%
X Visits (Users)	4.28%	4.13%	4.01%	3.92%	4.13%	3.94%
F = 1.01 (5df) = 0.41; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Visits (Total)	0.34%	0.51%	0.25%	0.41%	0.32%	0.43%
F = 20.08 (5df) = 0.0001 Male Priv. < all other groups; Female PS > all other groups; Female PS > Male PS, Male Priv., Male NFP; Female Priv. > Male PS, Male Priv., Male NFP; Female NFP > Male PS, Male Priv., Male NFP (i.e. women greater than men within sector)
Inpatient Treatment
% Overnight	5.4%	6.4%	4.9%	6.4%	5.8%	5.6%
X Nights (Users)	2.50%	2.33%	2.56%	2.16%	2.66%	2.50%
F = 1.31 (5df) = 0.26; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Nights (Total)	0.12%	0.13%	0.11%	0.12%	0.14%	0.13%
F = 0.97 (5df) = 0.44; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
Visits to Emergency Departments
% Visiting	12.1%	13.8%	12.6%	12.5%	13.0%	14.1%
X Visits (Users)	1.64%	1.60%	1.56%	1.60%	1.60%	1.54%
F = 0.68 (5df) = 0.69; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X Visits (Total)	0.19%	0.21%	0.18%	0.19%	0.20%	0.21%
F = 0.93 (5df) = 0.46; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
Outpatient Treatment
% Who Received	25.4%	31.8%	21.1%	27.9%	26.4%	30.5%
X number (Users)	1.92%	1.95%	1.74%	1.88%	1.96%	1.88%
F = 1.87 (5df) = 0.10; No two groups are significantly different at the 0.05 level
X number (Total)	0.47%	0.59%	0.35%	0.49%	0.49%	0.55%
F = 23.0 (5df) = 0.0001 Male Priv. < all other groups; Female PS > all other groups; Female Priv. < Female PS, Female NFP Note: No gender difference in NFP sector
Percent Spending Following Amounts on Prescription Drugs in Past Six Months
Nothing	49.7%	35.1%	54.6%	36.9%	58.0%	42.1%
$1 to $150	31.2%	41.4%	33.4%	45.7%	27.3%	41.1%
> $150	19.1%	23.4%	12.0%	17.4%	14.7%	16.8%
Chi-square = 887.48 (6) = 0.001

Note: PS = public sector; Priv. = private sector; NFP = not for profit sector

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