Meningococcal Disease in Africa

Released: December 1, 2011

Travel Health Notice

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) recommends vaccination against meningococcal disease (commonly called meningitis) when travelling to areas experiencing outbreaks and for high risk travellers.

Meningococcal disease is an infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. This bacterium can cause serious and sometimes fatal diseases including meningitis (infection of the brain lining) and meningococcal septicemia (infection of the blood).

There are many different subtypes of the bacteria but five of the subtypes (A, B, C, Y and W135) are responsible for the majority of meningitis cases.

Make sure you check with Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada's advice on travel to countries in Africa.

Where is Meningococcal Disease a Concern?

The sub-Saharan African meningitis belt extends across from Gambia and Senegal to Ethiopia and Western Eritrea. Outbreaks occur mainly during the dry season (December-June).

Recommendations

1. The recommended immunizations and advice on health risks must be tailored to each individual's particular health situation, as well as his/her travel itinerary. It is important to consult a doctor, nurse or health care provider, or visit a travel health clinic preferably six weeks before you travel.
2. Get vaccinated
   • Travellers going to areas experiencing outbreaks and travellers at high risk should consult with a health care provider to discuss the benefits of getting vaccinated.
   • Travellers at high risk include:
     1.  Anyone living or working with the local population (i.e.: health care workers) in areas where meningococcal disease is present or outbreaks are occurring (such as the sub-Saharan African meningitis belt ).  The risk is greater among those who are exposed for a long time. 
     2. Anyone travelling to crowded areas or taking part in large gatherings.
   • More information is available on the meningococcal vaccine for travellers from the Committee to Advise on Tropical Medicine and Travel (CATMAT).
3. Monitor your health
   • Most travellers are at low risk. If you develop symptoms of meningococcal disease see a  doctor, nurse or health care provider immediately.