Hepatitis A is a disease of the liver spread by contaminated food or water. All those travelling to regions with a risk of hepatitis A (External link) infection should get vaccinated.

Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver spread through blood or body fluids. Travellers who may be exposed (i.e.; through sexual contact, medical treatment or occupational exposure) while travelling in regions with risk of hepatitis B (External link) should get vaccinated.

Influenza (flu), including H1N1, is caused by a virus spread from person to person when they cough or sneeze or through personal contact with unwashed hands. Get the flu shot.

Cases of measles have been reported in this country in the last year. Measles is a highly contagious disease in both developed and developing countries. Be sure your measles vaccine is up-to-date regardless of the travel destination.

Kenya is in the African Meningitis Belt. Meningococcal disease (meningitis) is a serious and sometimes fatal infection of the tissue around the brain and the spinal cord. Most travellers are at low risk. Travellers who may be at high risk should consider getting vaccinated if they are travelling to regions with risk of meningococcal disease (External link) . High risk travellers include those living or working with the local population ie: health care workers, those travelling to crowded areas or taking part in large gatherings, or travelling for a longer period of time.

There is a risk of polio in this country. (External link) Be sure that your polio vaccine is up-to-date.

Rabies is a disease that attacks the central nervous system spread to humans through a bite, scratch or lick from a rabid animal. Vaccination should be considered for travellers going to areas where rabies exists (External link) and have a high risk of exposure (i.e.: close contact with animals, occupational risk, and children).

Typhoid is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among travellers visiting rural areas, those visiting friends and relatives, or those with weakened immune systems. Travellers visiting regions with risk of typhoid, especially if exposed to places with poor sanitation, should consider getting vaccinated.

• Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.
• Risk increases if travelling in regions with poor sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.
• The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drink lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts while travelling.

• Dengue fever is a viral disease which can cause sever flu-like symptoms. In some cases it leads to dengue haemorrhagic fever, which can be fatal.
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue bite during the daytime. They breed in standing water in natural and artificial containers and are often found in urban areas.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites. There is no vaccine available for dengue fever.

• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks and impairs the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).
• Practice safe sex while travelling, and don’t share needles, razors, or other objects which could transmit infection.
• Remember that disease can also be spread through the use of unsterile medical equipment during medical/dental procedures, tattooing, body piercing or acupuncture.
• Disease can also be spread though blood transfusions and organ transplantation if the blood/organs are not screened for HIV and other blood-borne pathogens.

• TB (Tuberculosis) is an infection caused by bacteria usually affecting the lungs.
• For most travellers the risk of TB is low.
• Travellers who may be at high risk while travelling in regions with risk of TB (External link) should discuss pre/post travel options with a health care provider.
• High risk travellers include those visiting or working in prisons, refugee camps, homeless shelters, or hospitals, or travellers visiting friends and relatives.