May have sporadic physical aggression and/or destruction of property
Not emotionally abusive
No fear
Comes from escalating arguments
Sporadic physical aggression
Name-calling, but not character assassination
Verbal abuse, but not psychological
Development of apprehension
May be remorseful
Threats of abandonment
Threats of getting custody
Aggression takes place without witnesses
Monopolization of perception
Generally more regular physical abuse, but may occur without any physical abuse
Threats to victim’s support system
Isolation
Name-calling that attacks character
Threats to kill self or others
Jealousy
Putting down of family and friends
Destruction of property
Self-absorbed
Sexual abuse
Change in victim’s personality
More generally violent
Monopolization of perception
Insidious psychological abuse
Well-thought out threats to kill—very specific
Torturing pets
Extreme isolation of victim by perpetrator
Generally more regular physical abuse, but may occur without any physical abuse
Sexual humiliation and degradation
<- More likely to see gender equivalence
Male dominant violence ->
[6] It has been noted that the concept of displaying remorse may have cultural connotations. In this area, as with all aspects of assessment, professionals require cultural competence for providing service to a diverse group of clients. In some cultures, expressing remorse may be easily done, but not reflect genuine responsibility taking; in other cultures, there may be genuine remorse, but the socialization of men may preclude an outward expression of this responsibility taking (Zorza, personal communication).
