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Fact Sheet: Major Causes of Death in
Canada, 1993-1995
Jonathan Stein (Cancer Bureau, Laboratory
Centre for Disease Control)
Mortality is one of many summary indicators of disease burden.
The following tables and graphs display the relative contributions and
geographic variability of major conditions causing mortality in Canada.
Rates are age-standardized to permit comparison of the relative impact
of different conditions in populations with differing age structures.
Identifying such geographic variation can help generate
hypotheses about explanations for these differences and identify areas
for further investigation. It can also contribute to an estimate of the
scope for prevention and provide realistic and achievable targets for
programs and policies intended to reduce disease burden, in that the lowest
rate seen for each condition is clearly achievable under current Canadian
conditions.1
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TABLE 1
Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population, females
(all ages),
Canada and provinces, 1993-1995
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Cause
(ICD-9 codes)
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CANADA
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BC
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Alta
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Sask
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Man
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Ont
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Que
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NB
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NS
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PEI
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Nfld
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Cancer
(140-208)
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152.8
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146.1
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145.3
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139.7
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154.1
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152.9
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157.9
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156.6
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167.8
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158.5
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148.3
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IHD
(410-414, 429.2)
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104.1
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83.7
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103.1
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87.8
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106.0
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110.2
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107.2
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99.5
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102.6
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114.0
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128.9
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Stroke
(430-438)
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45.6
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47.4
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46.3
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46.2
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50.3
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47.7
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40.3
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44.8
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43.4
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41.7
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55.7
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COPD
(490-496)
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18.8
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19.6
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18.4
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14.0
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16.3
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17.6
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21.3
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20.2
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20.5
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22.3
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14.5
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Pneumonia
(480-486)
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18.3
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21.7
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19.7
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18.3
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21.3
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20.0
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13.3
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14.3
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21.1
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26.0
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14.6
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Diabetes
(250)
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14.7
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11.1
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11.6
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13.1
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14.0
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15.5
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16.1
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18.0
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13.7
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9.3
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23.0
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Alzheimer's disease
(290.1, 331.0)
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11.0
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8.6
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9.3
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8.9
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7.3
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11.0
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13.2
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13.0
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12.1
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11.0
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16.6
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Arterial
(440-448)
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12.2
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9.9
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14.7
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10.6
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10.2
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14.4
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10.2
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10.8
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12.3
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9.0
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14.3
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Genitourinary
(580-629)
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8.7
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7.2
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8.2
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8.8
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11.1
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8.1
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9.9
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8.2
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11.9
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5.5
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11.3
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MVTC
(E810-819)
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6.7
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7.6
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8.3
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9.2
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7.5
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5.9
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6.9
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8.2
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5.5
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5.9
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2.7
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ALL CAUSES
(001-999)
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530.1
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507.5
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516.6
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491.0
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542.7
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535.5
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532.9
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543.7
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559.4
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538.5
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580.6
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IHD = Ischemic heart disease Arterial =
Artery, arteriole and capillary disease
COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease MVTC = Motor
vehicle traffic crashes
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Methods
Data on mortality from 1993 to 1995 were obtained from
the Health Statistics Division at Statistics Canada. Major disease categories
were selected using the ninth revision of the World Health Organization's
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9), and average rates were
calculated for Canada for each cause by sex, standardized to the 1991
Canadian population. The causes were then ranked by rate and the same
calculations performed for the provincesa for each of the top
10 causes.
Only the highest and lowest provincial rates are illustrated
in each figure, to provide a visual portrayal of the range of disease
rates across Canada. The actual rates for each province are provided in
the tables.
a The Yukon and Northwest Territories are not
included for two reasons: first, data on hospitalization days were not
available; second, their relatively small populations lead to extreme
temporal variations in rates that could be misleading when displaying
geographic variability.
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TABLE 2
Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population, males
(all ages),
Canada and provinces, 1993-1995
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Cause
(ICD-9 codes)
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CANADA
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BC
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Alta
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Sask
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Man
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Ont
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Que
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NB
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NS
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PEI
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Nfld
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Cancer
(140-208)
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238.2
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207.7
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211.5
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218.5
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235.7
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231.2
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271.8
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254.5
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272.4
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251.0
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259.2
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IHD
(410-414, 429.2)
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200.3
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165.0
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197.9
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188.0
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202.9
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207.4
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206.4
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194.5
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213.7
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241.5
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243.2
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Stroke
(430-438)
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54.4
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54.5
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53.2
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51.2
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63.3
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55.3
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50.7
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55.2
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50.4
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65.4
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71.4
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COPD
(490-496)
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46.2
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38.0
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42.4
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40.0
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39.0
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41.4
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60.7
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55.0
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51.6
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46.2
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51.5
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Pneumonia
(480-486)
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29.1
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33.3
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31.6
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30.3
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33.0
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30.1
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22.0
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21.4
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36.6
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33.5
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31.3
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Arterial
(440-448)
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21.8
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18.6
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25.0
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21.0
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20.1
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22.3
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21.0
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27.9
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26.2
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19.8
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27.8
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Suicide
(E950-959)
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21.1
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18.3
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26.2
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22.2
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18.9
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15.4
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29.2
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25.5
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18.9
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19.1
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14.5
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Diabetes
(250)
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20.0
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15.9
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15.9
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16.7
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19.4
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22.2
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21.3
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19.0
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17.5
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18.7
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25.8
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Infectious
(001-139)
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16.6
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21.5
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12.3
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7.2
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10.0
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18.0
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17.9
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9.5
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12.2
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7.1
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11.8
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MVTC
(E810-819)
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15.3
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16.9
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19.1
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20.9
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15.7
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12.7
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16.0
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17.9
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16.1
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20.4
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10.7
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ALL CAUSES
(001-999)
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870.3
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807.6
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826.9
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827.2
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881.8
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855.4
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924.0
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919.0
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944.9
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939.5
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971.4
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IHD = Ischemic heart disease Infectious =
Infectious and parasitic diseases
COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease MVTC =
Motor vehicle traffic crashes
Arterial = Artery, arteriole and capillary disease
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Reference
1. Wong T, Wilkins K. How many deaths from major chronic
diseases could be prevented? Chronic Dis Can 1990;11(5):73-6.
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