| TABLE 3 Length of chemical substance exposure and risk of bladder cancer in males, 1994-1997 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to chemicals (years)* | No. of cases | No. of controls | |||||
| n = 549 | % | n = 1,099 | % | OR (95% CI)† | p value for trend | ||
| Asbestos | |||||||
| Never exposed | 462 | 84.2 | 971 | 88.4 | 1.0 | 0.20 | |
| 1-9 | 42 | 7.7 | 57 | 5.2 | 1.7 (1.1-2.6) | ||
| 10-19 | 16 | 2.9 | 26 | 2.4 | 1.1 (0.6-2.2) | ||
| >20 | 19 | 3.5 | 28 | 2.6 | 1.4 (0.7-2.7) | ||
| Coal tar, soot, pitch, creosote, asphalt | |||||||
| Never exposed | 445 | 81.1 | 928 | 84.4 | 1.0 | 0.43 | |
| 1-9 | 54 | 9.8 | 87 | 7.9 | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | ||
| 10-19 | 13 | 2.4 | 27 | 2.5 | 0.8 (0.4-1.6) | ||
| >20 | 20 | 3.6 | 26 | 2.4 | 1.2 (0.6-2.3) | ||
| Mineral, cutting or lubricating oil | |||||||
| Never exposed | 400 | 72.9 | 873 | 79.4 | 1.0 | 0.02 | |
| 1-9 | 42 | 7.7 | 68 | 6.2 | 1.6 (1.0-2.5) | ||
| 10-19 | 29 | 5.3 | 49 | 4.5 | 1.4 (0.8-2.3) | ||
| >20 | 54 | 9.8 | 81 | 7.4 | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | ||
| Benzidine | |||||||
| Never exposed | 535 | 97.5 | 1,083 | 98.5 | 1.0 | 0.26 | |
| 1-9 | 6 | 1.1 | 4 | 0.4 | 2.7 (0.7-10.5) | ||
| 10-19 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.3 | |||
| >20 | 5 | 0.9 | 5 | 0.5 | 2.7 (0.7-9.1) | ||
| Dyestuffs | |||||||
| Never exposed | 526 | 95.8 | 1,075 | 97.8 | 1.0 | < 0.01 | |
| 1-9 | 7 | 1.3 | 15 | 1.4 | 1.1 (0.4-2.8) | ||
| 10-19 | 4 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.2 | 3.4 (0.6-20.9) | ||
| >20 | 6 | 1.1 | 3 | 0.3 | 4.7 (0.9-23.8) | ||
| Mustard gas | |||||||
| Never exposed | 541 | 98.5 | 1,093 | 99.5 | 1.0 | ||
| 1-9 | 2 | 0.4 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.8 (0.1-5.1) | ||
| 10-19 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |||
| >20 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |||
| Welding materials | |||||||
| Never exposed | 383 | 69.8 | 835 | 76.0 | 1.0 | 0.21 | |
| 1-9 | 45 | 8.2 | 101 | 9.2 | 1.1 (0.7-1.6) | ||
| 10-19 | 52 | 9.5 | 80 | 7.3 | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | ||
| >20 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |||
| Arsenic salts | |||||||
| Never exposed | 541 | 98.5 | 1,085 | 98.7 | 1.0 | 0.16 | |
| 1-9 | 2 | 0.4 | 10 | 0.9 | 0.9 (0.2-4.3) | ||
| 10-19 | 1 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.2 | 1.2 (0.1-14.1) | ||
| >20 | 4 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.1 | 6.6 (0.6-68.9) | ||
| Chromium salts | |||||||
| Never exposed | 541 | 98.5 | 1,078 | 98.1 | 1.0 | 0.58 | |
| 1-9 | 4 | 0.7 | 9 | 0.8 | 1.0 (0.2-3.6) | ||
| 10-19 | 1 | 0.2 | 8 | 0.7 | 0.2 (0.0-1.8) | ||
| >20 | 2 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.1 | 3.2 (0.2-41.0) | ||
| Cadmium salts | |||||||
| Never exposed | 541 | 98.5 | 1,084 | 98.6 | 1.0 | 0.20 | |
| 1-9 | 0 | 0.0 | 8 | 0.7 | |||
| 10-19 | 2 | 0.4 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.8 (0.1-4.4) | ||
| >20 | 3 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.1 | 6.8 (0.7-71.7) | ||
| Isopropyl oil | |||||||
| Never exposed | 531 | 96.7 | 1,079 | 98.2 | 1.0 | 0.14 | |
| 1-9 | 6 | 1.1 | 9 | 0.8 | 1.3 (0.4-3.9) | ||
| 10-19 | 4 | 0.7 | 6 | 0.6 | 1.1 (0.3-4.1) | ||
| >20 | 4 | 0.7 | 4 | 0.4 | 1.6 (0.4-6.7) | ||
| Vinyl chloride | |||||||
| Never exposed | 533 | 97.1 | 1,072 | 97.5 | 1.0 | 0.58 | |
| 1-9 | 8 | 1.5 | 16 | 1.5 | 0.9 (0.3-2.4) | ||
| 10-19 | 3 | 0.6 | 4 | 0.4 | 1.4 (0.3-6.7) | ||
| >20 | 2 | 0.4 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.6 (0.1-3.3) | ||
| Pesticides | |||||||
| Never exposed | 434 | 79.1 | 898 | 81.7 | 1.0 | 0.21 | |
| 1-9 | 29 | 5.3 | 40 | 3.6 | 1.5 (0.9-2.5) | ||
| 10-19 | 9 | 1.6 | 25 | 2.3 | 0.8 (0.3-1.7) | ||
| >20 | 22 | 4.0 | 47 | 4.3 | 0.9 (0.5-1.6) | ||
| Herbicides | |||||||
| Never exposed | 451 | 82.2 | 910 | 82.8 | 1.0 | 0.98 | |
| 1-9 | 22 | 4.0 | 37 | 3.4 | 1.2 (0.7-2.2) | ||
| 10-19 | 8 | 1.5 | 21 | 1.9 | 0.9 (0.4-2.1) | ||
| >20 | 27 | 4.9 | 47 | 4.3 | 1.1 (0.6-1.9) | ||
| Radiation sources | |||||||
| Never exposed | 509 | 92.7 | 1,021 | 92.9 | 1.0 | 0.98 | |
| 1-9 | 20 | 3.6 | 34 | 3.1 | 1.4 (0.7-2.5) | ||
| 10-19 | 7 | 1.3 | 12 | 1.1 | 0.9 (0.3-2.6) | ||
| >20 | 7 | 1.3 | 26 | 2.4 | 0.5 (0.2-1.3) | ||
| Wood dust | |||||||
| Never exposed | 365 | 66.5 | 740 | 67.3 | 1.0 | 0.13 | |
| 1-9 | 45 | 8.2 | 119 | 10.8 | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | ||
| 10-19 | 20 | 3.6 | 53 | 4.8 | 0.8 (0.4-1.4) | ||
| >20 | 44 | 8.0 | 75 | 6.8 | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) | ||
| *Ever exposed for more than one year. † Adjusted for province, age, pack years of smoking, education, exposure years, coffee and tea consumption. |
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