National Library News Volume 27 #5 ISSN: 1195-2326 Contents Signposting the Information Highway Speaking from...Out of This World: An Exhibition on Canadian Science Fiction and Fantasy Second Institute on Canadian Bibliography Course Eighteenth-Century Canadian Printing: A Survey of National Library Holdings Ruth Lawless Retires Resource Sharing: Making the Connections The North American Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery Project (NAILDD): Update NcompasS: The Nova Scotia Integrated Library System and Network Transborder Interlibrary Loan and the GST Payment for International Loans Library Book Rate Update National Librarian Honoured Using the Internet for Reference and Information Services Online Electronic Serials: How Do You Catalogue Those Things, Anyway? A Valuable Gift Public Programs Spotlight on...All That Jazz National Library of Canada Staff Publications, 1994 ***** MANAGING EDITOR Gwynneth Evans EDITORS Willadean Leo Jean-Marie Brière GRAPHIC Roseanne Ducharme National Library News, published ten times a year by the National Library of Canada, is available free upon request. To change your subscription address, please send your current address label, with all appropriate changes indicated, to: Marketing and Publishing, National Library of Canada, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0N4. Fax: (613) 991-9871. Internet: publications@nlc-bnc.ca National Library News is also available on the National Library's gopher server. Internet gopher.nlc-bnc.ca WWW Uniform Resource Locator (URL) gopher://gopher.nlc- bnc.ca/ Articles published in National Library News may be reproduced without permission, but a credit note would be appreciated. Back issues of National Library News can be obtained by writing to the address given above. Please specify the volume(s) and number(s) required. National Library News is indexed in the Canadian Magazine Index and available online in the Canadian Business and Current Affairs Database. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. ***** BY IRIS WINSTON, STAFF WRITER On January 25, the National Library of Canada hosted an information session to describe its experiences in travelling along the information highway and to demonstrate some of the new technology now in place at the Library. Attended by representatives from some 16 cultural agencies and the Department of Canadian Heritage, the session opened with an address by Susan Baldwin, Director General of Canadian Heritage's Broadcasting Policy Branch. Ms. Baldwin and her staff work with the Information Highway Advisory Council and its Canadian Content and Culture Working Group. She is particularly concerned that there be an appropriate balance between infrastructure and content, and made a strong case for the development of policy and standards aimed at preserving Canada's cultural identity. She also commended the National Library for taking the lead in establishing technological standards and providing electronic information services for Canadians. National Librarian Marianne Scott then presented an overview of the session which emphasized the National Library's concern with ensuring that library resources are accessible, equitable and affordable from coast to coast to coast. SThis is an agency that is deeply concerned with the provision of library services across the nation, with maintaining international connections, and keenly aware that quality service depends on being in tune with the times,” she said. Next, three of the National Library's Directors General spoke about the relationship between the information highway and their specific areas of responsibility. Mary Jane Starr of Research and Information Services discussed its effects on client services. Louis Forget of Information Technology Services concentrated on the importance of the development of standards and the value of the new systems in carrying the Library into the 21st century. Gwynneth Evans of National and International Programs spoke of technology as a potential leveller in serving those with special needs. Following are excerpts and summaries from these presentations. ***** Susan Baldwin: Opening Remarks As Canada's communications infrastructure evolves and Canada puts in place a world class information highway, we must be able to continue to pursue our cultural policy objectives. The government's objectives for the information highway included: to create jobs through innovation and investment and to ensure universal access at reasonable cost. But it was also stated very clearly that the information highway has, as an objective, to reinforce Canadian sovereignty and cultural identity. The information highway must serve our cultural objectives rather than undermine them. In a potentially “on-demand” environment, this will require much creativity and forethought. We must do this with a clear view not only to the obvious social and cultural benefits but also to the considerable economic benefits that naturally ensue from having healthy indigenous cultural industries. As a direct result of our cultural policy, the arts and cultural sector contributes some $24 billion, directly and indirectly, to our economy (or four percent of the GDP) and employs almost 700 000 people. Canada's domestic cultural strength has been nurtured as a result of deliberate and conscious measures, some institutional (CBC, Telefilm, NFB — and I would include the National Library); some fi-nancial (such as subsidies and tax incentives); and policy, regulatory and legislative (such as the broadcasting act). Such initiatives have positioned us as a leader on the international scene as well, with both products and policies. As you may be aware, the departments of Canadian Heritage and Industry Canada are working together on developing a strategy and policy framework for the implementation of a Canadian information highway. As instructed, the CRTC is currently undertaking a comprehensive public consultation. With the benefit of the results of this public consultation, advice from the Information Highway Advisory Council, and in light of government's objectives, the two departments will design a coherent framework for the information highway. That framework should clearly demonstrate the equal importance of infrastructure and content. If it does not, I believe we will have failed — not only in the present but for the future as well. The Advisory Council on the Information Highway is comprised of business leaders and academic experts from across Canada. I would like to update you briefly on some of the progress of the Council and that of the Working Group on Canadian Content and Culture. One recommendation that the Council is considering is for government to digitize its information holdings. The proposed recommendation from the Working Group reads as follows: “the private sector should in priority be given the opportunity to digitize, add value, and market government-owned materials, documents, etc., for which there is a perceived market.” Clearly, the private sector sees opportunities to partner with government and you might wish to pursue this. The Working Group is also recommending that “the National Archives of Canada Act should be amended to require that all depositors of text- based holdings also make their deposits available in digital format.” I was pleased to learn that Dr. Scott is proposing that the National Library of Canada Act also require that depositors of text-based publications make their deposits available in digital format. This would certainly make it easier for the National Library to place its material on the information highway. And this will go a long way towards helping us reach Canadians with the cultural content that matters to them. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize the opportunities that the information highway presents for cultural agencies such as yours. I am convinced that the National Library will occupy an important lane on the highway. Through dramatically improved accessibility, it will be easier for Canadians to use the material of the National Library — and to derive more benefit from government holdings in general. Marianne Scott: Setting the Stage Service and sharing have always been major principles of librarianship and were certainly driving forces behind the founding of the National Library of Can-ada more than 40 years ago. At that time, it was simply a bibliographic centre, publishing the national bibliography, CANADIANA. The publication of a national bibliography remains a key aspect of the National Library's work as the cultural agency responsible for the collection, preservation and promotion of the nation's published heritage, and for making it known inside and outside Canada. The challenge is to keep library resources accessible, equitable and affordable, when speedy electronic transmission of an increasing amount of information is what matters most on a day-to-day basis. The new technology is very exciting. Its sophistication also increases the need for standardizing products and services and developing interconnections between disparate databases. More networking, more sharing of materials and information, more connections — these are means of maximizing our resources in this time of restraint, and so of contributing to the country's economic well-being, as well as to its knowledge base. Libraries are well known as keepers of the past. Now is the time to recognize them also as gateways and guides to the future. Mary Jane Starr: Clients and Services The National Library's clients include researchers looking for information, especially on Canadian subjects, and libraries acting on behalf of researchers. They are mostly Canadians but also “Canadianists” — foreign researchers who have adopted “Canada” as their field of study. The National Library serves approximately 2 000 libraries, including public, academic, research and special libraries. Clients communicate with us about 500 000 times a year, by letter, telephone, fax, in person and, increasingly, electronic mail. The Library has built its collection of Canadiana since 1953, by means of legal deposit, purchase, donation, and agreement. The collection includes books, periodicals, sound recordings, educational kits, government publications, vid-eos, theses, livres d'artistes and electronic publications (for example, diskettes). The collection is especially strong in three areas of emphasis — music, literature and history. The National Library's services cover a wide range of activities. For example, our bibliographic services identify and describe Canadian publications. Our reference, research, and referral services provide information and advice in response to or antici-pation of enquiries. To share our resources, we identify and locate library holdings, deliver documents and redistribute surplus materials. Our database offers nationwide access to the holdings of the National Library and over 300 other Canadian libraries. And finally, there are our navigational services, which means guiding researchers in locating information in print or electronic sources. Increasingly, this has meant taking clients on the information highway, and using the Internet and tools such as AMICUS, the gopher and the World Wide Web. These are all additional means by which the Library can bring Canadians and information together. Technology is enabling the National Library to make more of its collections more accessible to more users. One initiative that is currently the subject of much discussion is the digitization of the Library's own collections. In all cases, the goal is to provide equitable, affordable, universal access for Canadians to the world's information resources, particularly that information produced by and for Canadians, about Canada. Louis Forget: Standards and Systems The information highway will transform how Canadians communicate with each other and with their social institutions. It is already changing the ways in which we work and play. These technologies are having a profound impact on the ways in which ordinary Canadians educate themselves, receive health care, expand their cultural horizons and engage in political and civic discourse. Enabling technologies are characterized by very powerful desktop computers, high-speed and ubiquitous networking, powerful and easy-to-use software interfaces. Networked multimedia is becoming prevalent. What are the connections between libraries and technology? Electronic information still requires management, and effective access to information requires effective management of information. Technology alone will NOT solve the problems of intellectual access to information. Libraries are institutions based on the principle that access to information is a public good that enables all citizens an equal opportunity to be productive and creative through a process of life-long learning. The National Library and other libraries are working to provide the infrastructure necessary to deliver to Canadians the information they need to be productive and creative. Our cultural institutions will be better able to achieve their potential to reach out to all Canadians and to the world by realizing the possibilities of advanced communications networks within the context of equitable and affordable access. The National Library has been very active in developing the use of new information technologies. Two examples include AMICUS, our next-generation bibliographic system, which will provide networked access to paper-based and electronic information, and the Electronic Publications Pilot Project, which will define the access and management requirements of electronic publications. The Library has developed three proposed principles that will guide the Library's provision of electronic services and content: Every public service point in the National Library will provide electronic access to their service; Every publication produced for public use by the National Library will normally have an electronic equivalent; Every exhibition or display undertaken by the National Library will normally have an electronic equivalent. What does the near future hold? Possibilities include video- conferencing and desktop voice communications, new software interfaces, and groupware applications, but the list could go on and on. These are technologies that we know about. The interesting technologies will be the ones we don't know about. As the railway brought this country together from coast to coast, so too will the expansion of our network infrastructure. Gwynneth Evans: Lessons Learned In December 1992, a National Summit on Information Policy was organized by the Canadian Library Association (CLA) and the Association pour l'avancement des sciences et des techniques de la docu-mentation (ASTED) in collaboration with the Library, the former Department of Communications, the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (CISTI) and the Information Technology Association of Canada. The Summit was a response to a perceived need for a coherent framework to assist in dealing with the changing information environment, and a recognition of the desire for a continuing dialogue among all sectors. Since then, the information highway has been developing at an accelerated rate, and the National Library considers it imperative to be part of policy development in Treasury Board, Industry Canada, Canadian Heritage and others in view of the changing and complex situation. The Library sees organization and training as vital to its role in the “Information Society”. For example, we have adopted a coordinated approach to information technology systems development and support, and an interbranch approach to developing strat-egies, policies and guidelines, products and services in an electronic environment. We have established a department-wide framework and plan for marketing and communications. And training is an essential element, much of it done in-house. In the broadening range of issues that we are tracking, some concerns remain central. For example, there is the application of copyright, involving research about the holder, permissions, and sometimes fees. Complementary collections, possible only through cooperation with research libraries and cultural agencies, and joint ventures with the private sector, are another focus for our attention. And, last but certainly not least, is a matter already touched by my colleagues: access that is universal, equitable and af- fordable, and takes account of the needs of special communities from the outset. All these issues deserve intellectual consideration as well as technical support. ***** The presentations were followed by a series of demonstrations of how the National Library uses the Internet, the World Wide Web, the gopher server and listservs as well as AMICUS, the National Library's automated information management system. Each participant received a diskette containing information on electronic communication produced by the National Library. The objectives of the information session were to share the National Library's experience of the information highway and new electronic services and to explore the possibility of working with other cultural agencies in presenting Canada's cultural heritage to the nation. “We were very pleased to share what we have learned and to learn from our visitors,” said National Librarian Marianne Scott. “There is no doubt that technological advances are making library resources more easily accessible for all. And this is, of course, one of our major objectives at the National Library.” ***** An exhibition on Canadian science fiction and fantasy at the National Library, opening on May 13, 1995 BY IRIS WINSTON, STAFF WRITER After reading more than 150 of the books included in the National Library of Canada's “Out of This World”, I am fascinated by how firmly science fiction writers are fixed in their own time. They look into the future to see what they imagine might happen, but they do it with eyes focussed on the 19th or 20th centuries. If this event happens, they speculate, then this or that is likely to follow. Our world will change, but the result is likely to be a slightly distorted present placed in the future, rather than a truly different place. My assignment was to read the books, then write an explanatory paragraph on each. The task was a joy. Imagine giving a bibliophile, who also happens to be a book reviewer, the chance to devour a huge stack of books in a genre she thoroughly enjoys. All work should be this much fun! The purpose of the exhibition, mounted by the National Library of Canada in conjunction with the Toronto Public Library's Merril Collection of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Speculative Fiction, was not, however, entirely to entertain me. The loftier purpose of “Out of This World” is to use key works in both collections to raise awareness of Canada's rich and diverse body of fantastic fiction. At the same time, it shows how the various categories of Canadian works fit into an international context and how they have been influenced by such seminal works as H.G. Wells's THE TIME MACHINE and THE WAR OF THE WORLDS, Aldous Huxley's BRAVE NEW WORLD, George Orwell's 1984 and J.R.R. Tolkien's THE LORD OF THE RINGS. And, because of the subject, the exhibition attracts a new audience, who might otherwise be un-aware of the rich and diverse collections in the National Library of Canada, the home of the most comprehensive collection of Canadiana in the world. The set-up of the exhibition harmonizes with the genre, and is therefore rather different from those of most other exhibitions highlighting literature. Visitors begin their trip out of this world by stepping into a transporter room, 21st-century style. In the next phase, they learn what science fiction and fantasy are. According to writer and editor Judith Merril, one of Canada's leading authorities in the genre and the woman after whom the Merril Collection is named, “`Realistic' fiction is about things that have happened. `Fantasy' is about things [that] (we are fairly sure) DON'T happen. `Science fiction' is about things that COULD happen.” This exhibition is a fantastic thing that did happen. Its themes reflect all that is important in our lives as seen through the mirror of writers' imaginations. We see fiction that searches for identity (a preoccupation for many Canadians, who worry about whether they really are any different from their neighbors below the 49th parallel). It focusses on family, ethnicity, women, feminism and the special qualities of Quebec speculative fiction. Visitors can take fantastic journeys in time and space, and explore utopias, dystopias and the environment, high and dark fantasy, surrealism and assorted uncanny happenings. Another section highlights publishers and audiences — any body of literature flourishes only with a clear understanding of who its participants are. Yet another area deals with the crossover into other media — would any exhibition of this nature be complete without futuristic flashes in sight and sound? Altogether, it's a wonderful exhibition, exciting for those involved, stimulating for visitors and a catalyst for new thoughts in everyone. Which brings me back to my view of speculative fiction as a particularly interesting way of looking at history. It says, loud and clear, that certain aspects of our society are important at the particular time in which an author is writing, and that certain factors are dangerous to society. Therefore, science fiction is a vision of the future that frequently serves as a warning in the present. Take KILLING GROUND by Bruce Powe, for instance. Published in 1977, this worst-case scen-ario, war-game novel speaks of a civil war between Quebec and the rest of Canada. It is intended as a warning of what might happen if “the Quebec question” is not solved. On the other side of the separatist coin, POUR LA PATRIE by Jules-Paul Tardivel, written in 1895 and set in the mid-twentieth century, focusses on religion and nationalism in a future separate Quebec. Tardivel's intent was to help Quebec become “a new France whose mission it will be to continue...the work of Christian civilization that old France pursued for...many hundreds of years”. A side issue here is how history tends to repeat itself and how little we seem to have learned from our past. Some writers vent their anger with the present and their fears of totalitarian extremes through speculation about the future. For example, RED MAPLE by Kenneth MacDonald (1975), is a fierce political treatise, which projects complete state control of the economy by the early 1980s, should the governmental trends of the 1960s and 1970s continue. Hugh MacLennan, in VOICES IN TIME (1980), writes of an Orwellian- type, totalitarian bureaucracy in which “the murder of truth led to the murder of people”. Other writers, such as Richard Rohmer in EXXONERATION, project the future based on Canada's fears during the energy crisis of the 1970s. To a great extent, literary projections into the future are markers of present fears. They can also express hope for a better world. For instance, Monica Hughes's INVITATION TO THE GAME (1992) offers the possibility of starting over in a new place — a different planet. In Hugh Pedley's LOOKING FORWARD, published in 1913, the optimistic thesis is that the country will become a utopian society once church unification is complete. In THE DOMINION OF 1983, a pamphlet published in 1883, Ralph Centennius predicts a world without war, “gradual but slow improvement”, a place in which “No man can despair who ponders on the position of the Dominion in 1983". But, more often than not, a present crisis is the catalyst for speculative fiction, and the horrors projected and described give a fairly clear idea of its impact at the time of writing. There were, for example, a great many “after the nuclear holocaust” novels published in the 1960s and 1970s, when fears of nuclear warfare were rampant. Books such as Phyllis Gotlieb's SUNBURST suggest that a post- nuclear world would bring about profound changes in societal values or, like Matt Cohen's THE COLOURS OF WAR, warn of civil disorder and social collapse. The future is often seen to be as bleak as the writer's perception of the present. Despair of the present time and place is a major reason that much science fiction and fantasy literature depicts long journeys into another world — a different planet, an alternate reality, another period of history, a voyage into the future or a movement to a fantastic place of a different sort. What is usually considered the very first Canadian SF novel, A STRANGE MANUSCRIPT FOUND IN A COPPER CYLINDER by James De Mille, pub-lished in 1888, recounts the strange adventures of a sailor cast ashore in a distant place where societal values are inverted. More recently, Andrew Wiener's STATION GEHENNA, published in 1987, speaks of political intrigue, murder and an alien presence at a distant space station. S.M. Stirling's MARCHING THROUGH GEORGIA moves to an alternate reality, in which war has been a way of life for six generations. Guy Gavriel Kay's TIGANA is a fantasy in the style of Tolkien (Kay was his student at one time) that transports the reader into a magical world. Charles de Lint's MOONHEART creates a place in which magic and myth are normal fare. Some fantasies do not stray so far from the real world. SHOELESS JOE, W. P. Kinsella's fantastic vision involving baseball (the movie title, FIELD OF DREAMS, was Kinsella's first choice for the novel), tells of abnormal events in a normal world. In so doing, it also tells something of the importance of sport in contemporary society. Similarly, Flora MacDonald's MARY MELVILLE, THE PSYCHIC, in arguing for the value of psychic phenomena, clearly depicts the general view of psychics at the turn of the century. Technology is transforming the way we do business and the way we live our lives. It is obvious food for thought in speculative fiction, and concerns about the impact of technology have produced a wide assortment of literature. Novels about intelligent robots, robots gone wild and robots taking control originated with Karel Capek's R.U.R. (ROSSUM'S UNIVERSAL ROBOTS): Capek coined the term “robot”. Isaac Asimov continued to explore and expand the idea, and it has caught the imaginations of such Canadian authors as Suzanne Martel in ROBOT ALERT/NOS AMIS ROBOTS or Robert Charles Wilson in MEMORY WIRE. Jim Willer's PARAMIND portrays an even more unpleasant future in which computers take over the world completely. However, the prospect of technology in control is not as frightening a vision as those presented in the dark fantasies of Tanya Huff, who imagines a truly horrific series of evils in contemporary Toronto. Will we, a few years hence, view her 1991 novel BLOOD PRICE as an accurate impression of a major Canadian city? Will we see the dystopia depicted in Margaret Atwood's THE HANDMAID'S TALE as a condemnation of contemporary attitudes towards women? Maybe, maybe not. What will be clearly seen are issues that are important today, just as the viewpoint of the 1990s enables us to see issues considered important in past eras by examining the works featured in “Out of This World”. As we learn of the hopes and fears of all the years, we see fantastic literature as a backdrop for ordinary relationships, understandable emotions and normal values. The very best examples — and I would particularly cite John Wyndham and Tolkien — use science fiction, fantasy, myth and magic as starting points for normal actions and relationships. The backdrops may be fantastic. The worlds may be strange. But the people within them act in ways that are perfectly understandable to the reader. It goes without saying that the works selected for “Out of This World” are the best of their kind, the first of their kind, or signposts towards new aspects of their kind. The exhibition sparks thought, feeds the imagination, invites reaction. The whole thing is truly out of this world. If I sound excited, it is simply because I am. From where I sit, “Out of This World” is one of the most exciting — definitely the most fantastic — exhibitions that the National Library has ever mounted. A poster and souvenir booklet of the exhibition are available free. An anthology of essays by Canadian science fiction and fantasy writers is also available for $19.95. For more information on “Out of This World”, contact: Public Programs National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Canada Telephone: (613) 992-3052 Fax: (613) 943-2343 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: andrea.paradis@nlc-bnc.ca ***** Second Institute on Canadian Bibliography Course The National Library of Canada and the Bibliographical Society of Canada will offer a second Institute on Canadian Bibliography course from Monday, August 21 to Friday, August 25, 1995 at the National Library of Canada in Ottawa. Details will be forthcoming in future issues of NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS. For information, contact: Gwynneth Evans, Director General, National and International Programs, National Library of Canada, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4. Telephone: (613) 995-3904 Fax: (613) 949-2916 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: gwynneth.evans@nlc-bnc.ca ***** BY MICHEL BRISEBOIS, RARE BOOK COLLECTION In the middle of the eighteenth century Canada established its first printing press, long after Western Europe and the Thirteen Colonies had done so. Printing, absent from New France, was requested by the new British Government. Printing spread in two directions: first northward from New England to the Atlantic Provinces and Quebec, and then westward to Upper Canada and, during the next century, towards the Prairie Provinces, the North and British Columbia. Because of the small print runs and the ephemeral nature of the documents, the artifacts of the first few decades of printing in Can-ada are scarce, and all copies of some documents have disappeared completely. The books, pamphlets and government publications (proclamations, laws, etc.) printed in Canada during the last half of the eighteenth century were surveyed by Marie Tremaine in her A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CANADIAN IMPRINTS, 1751- 1800 (1952), and a supplement by Sandra Alston and Patricia Fleming is forthcoming. Tremaine described slightly over 1200 items, many from printers' records when copies could not be found. Since the publication of Tremaine's work, pre- 1801 Canadian imprints have been referred to as “Tremaine items”. While reporting Canadian imprints to the Eighteenth- Century Short Title Catalogue (ESTC), a survey of the holdings of the National Library of Canada showed a total of 160 “Tremaine items” (plus one item not in Tremaine's work), making it one of the largest repositories in the country. Newspapers, discussed by Tremaine but not covered by ESTC, were one of the staple products of the first presses and are included in the survey. Before 1801, only three geographical areas had printing shops: the Atlantic Provinces, Quebec (called Lower Canada after 1791) and finally Upper Canada (later Ontario). The first printing establishment was set up in Halifax in 1751. The National Library holds forty-eight items printed in that city between 1769 and 1800 by three pioneer printers: Anthony Henry, Robert Fletcher and John Howe. Anthony Henry, originally Anton Heinrich from Alsace, came to Louisbourg as a soldier. Fletcher was a trained printer from England, while Howe, from Boston, was one of many Loyalist printers. Both Henry and Fletcher alternated as government printers and, thanks to the generosity of Dr. Lawrence M. Lande of Montreal, the collection has numerous examples of their work (see “Rare Canadiana Acquired from Lawrence Lande”, NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 11, no. 2, March-April 1979, pp. 1-2). Also housed in the National Library are copies of the NOVA SCOTIA CALENDER [sic] (1769), as well as A CHARGE DELIVERED TO THE CLERGY OF NOVA SCOTIA... (1792) and a SERMON... (1794), both by Charles Inglis, Anglican Bishop of Nova Scotia. All are rare examples of private publications from Anthony Henry's press. John Howe's work is represented by A BRIEF VIEW OF THE RELIGIOUS TENETS AND SENTIMENTS... (1784), a pamphlet of religious controversy by the Rev. Jonathan Scott, and also by TRANSLATIONS AND PARAPHRASES...OF SEVERAL PASSAGES OF SACRED SCRIPTURE (1790), which is not described by Tremaine, and is possibly unique. John Howe's son, Joseph, was to become one of the most famous Nova Scotians in Canadian history as a journalist, politician, premier and Lieutenant-Governor. The National Library has a few works by other Maritime printers: an incomplete copy, no complete copies being recorded, of AN ASTRONOMICAL DIARY, OR ALMANACK FOR 1790 (1789) printed in Saint John, New Brunswick, by Christopher Sower, as well as the only known copy of the complete run of the ROYAL GAZETTE AND MISCELLANY OF THE ISLAND OF SAINT JOHN (1791-1794) printed in Charlottetown by William Rind. Both of these printers had come from the United States, Sower from Pennsylvania and Rind from Virginia. The other Atlantic Province, Newfoundland, received its first printing press only in 1807. Printing also came to Quebec via our southern neighbours. In 1764, William Brown, born in Scotland but trained in Philadelphia with his partner Thomas Gilmore, chose Quebec City, the seat of government, as the site of their printing office. While the story of the QUEBEC GAZETTE and the establishment of printing in both French and English has been well documented, few have understood Brown's choice of the climate of Quebec over that of Barbados, his first posting! From the Brown-Gilmore era (1764-1773), the National Library holds four works, all of which are rare and important: the CATéCHISME DU DIOCèSE DE SENS, one copy each of both the first (1765) and second edition (1766); Father La Brosse's NEHIRO-IRINIUI AIAMIHE MASSINAHIGAN (1767), a prayer book for the Montagnais and the first full- length book in a native language printed in Canada; and the ORDINANCES MADE FOR THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC... (1767), the first collected edition of the provincial statutes. After Gilmore's death in 1773, William Brown continued the work on his own and became the most important printer in eighteenth- century Canada. The Library holds eleven examples from Brown's press: four different legal TRAITéS by François- Joseph Cugnet, all printed in 1775, the THèSES DE MATHéMATIQUE QUI SERONT SOUTENUES AU SéMINAIRE DE QUéBEC (1775), two English-language cat-echisms printed in 1778 for the use of Irish Catholic families, and other smaller works. The second printing shop in Quebec City was established in 1788 by William Moore, an actor who had worked with Brown as a compositor. Although his work is rare because his career lasted only four years, the Library has an extensive collection from his press: the announcement of the opening of his printing venture (1788), the prospectus and two (of only three) issues of the COURIER [sic] DE QUéBEC OU HéRAUT FRANçAIS (1789), copies of the announcement of the establishment of the QUEBEC HERALD and a complete run of the first year of its publication (1788-1789) and the DEFENCE... of John Walter (1790) in a case involving the militia and English merchants. After William Brown's death in 1789, his nephew, Samuel Neilson, bought the QUEBEC GAZETTE and the printing office. In 1792, Samuel Neilson was a particularly busy man, printing for candidates and government officials during the election campaign for Quebec's first House of Assembly. His output is surprising considering that his career lasted less than four years: his life was cut short by tuberculosis at the age of twenty-three. The Library holds seventeen items from his press, mainly laws and proclamations, but also books and pamphlets on a variety of subjects such as agriculture (PAPERS AND LETTERS ON AGRICULTURE, 1790), education (REPORT OF A COMMITTEE OF THE COUNCIL ON THE SUBJECT OF PROMOTING THE MEANS OF EDUCATION, 1790), and also the first Canadian work dealing with archives and the need for their preservation, ANCIENT FRENCH ARCHIVES (1791). Samuel's brother, John Neilson, con- tinued the printing business well into the nineteenth century and became a most successful printer, publisher and political figure. Of the twenty-three items held by the National Library and printed by the younger Neilson, a few examples include JOURNAL OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY, printed annually from 1793 to 1800, the French version of the TRIAL OF DAVID M'LANE... (1797), and a few works originally published in Europe and reprinted by Neilson, such as Cléry's JOURNAL on the captivity of Louis XVI. The collection also holds numerous examples of the work of a late eighteenth century press, La Nouvelle Imprimerie/The New Printing-Office, owned in turn by William Vondenvelden, Lelièvre and Desbarats, and Pierre-Edouard Desbarats. Vondenvelden, the official law printer, issued the Provincial Statutes and a newspaper, THE TIMES. LE COURS DU TEMS (sic), from 1794 to 1795. The National Library holds the only recorded copy of this newspaper, unfortunately incomplete. The adventurous life of Fleury Mesplet, Montreal's first printer, is well known. Of the sixteen items from Mesplet's press owned by the Library, many are religious works, such as the RèGLEMENT DE LA CONFRéRIE... (1776), possibly the first book printed in Montreal, and the OFFICIUM IN HONOREM DOMINI NOSTRI (1777), the first printing in Latin in Canada. Much rarer works are Pierre Du Calvet's MéMOIRE... (1779); a SERMON... (1787) given on the death of Benjamin Frobisher by the Rev. David Chabrand Delisle, a Swiss Protestant; the MéMOIRE EN CASSATION DU TESTAMENT DE MR. SIMON SANGUINET (1791); and Jonathan Sills's LA BASTILLE SEPTENTRIONALE... (1791), another tongue-lashing against the militia. After Mesplet's death in January 1794, his printing equipment was bought by Edward Edwards. Although Edwards's main activity was job printing, the Library owns a copy of a collection of FABLES, edited by Robert Dodsley and printed by Edwards probably in 1800. Although incomplete, it seems to be the only recorded copy. The first printer to reach the newly formed province of Upper Canada in 1793 was Louis Roy, the first Canadian-born printer. Until 1798, all printing was carried out in Newark (later West Niagara) and known today as Niagara-on-the-Lake. The Library holds four items printed by Roy's successor, Gideon Tiffany, the LAWS OF HIS MAJESTY'S PROVINCE OF UPPER- CANADA of 1795 and 1796 being the most important, and one item, also the LAWS of 1797, printed by Tif- fany's successor, Titus Geer Simons. In 1798, Simons, with his partner William Waters, moved his Newark office to York (today's Toronto), the newly chosen provincial capital. The Simons-Waters press is represented by seven examples in the Library's collection. Of particular interest is an uncut printer's sheet of a notice from the Executive Council office (September 24, 1799) showing two variants of the broadside side by side, an interesting piece of evidence for bibliographers and printing historians. Although early printed ephemera and forms have not been given much attention by Canadian bibliographers in the past, new research is under way to survey and describe these materials, which are found more often in archival repositories than in libraries. The National Library has catalogued a number of printed land grants to United Empire Loyalists from 1784 to 1787, five from Nova Scotia and one from Quebec. Following a recent acquisition, the Library now holds thirty-five funeral letters printed in Montreal before 1801: fifteen are from Fleury Mesplet's press while most of the others can be assigned to Edwards. This collection of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century funeral letters is certainly the largest in the country. The wealth of the Library's collection is reflected not only by the number of titles and editions but also by the names of former owners, which include those of collectors such as Victor Morin, Cyrille Tessier, Gonzague Ducharme and Georges- Alphonse Daviault, and by well-preserved original bindings, printed title-labels, etc. Since a complete description of the National Library's collection of eighteenth-century Canadian imprints is not possible within the constraints of an article, interested patrons are invited to communicate with the Rare Book Collection to view items of possible interest. Contact: Rare Book Collection Special Collections Division National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (613) 996-7283 Fax: (613) 995-1969 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: rbr@nlc-bnc.ca ***** Rare Book Collection Reports Canadian Holdings to ESTC The Eighteenth-Century Short Title Catalogue (ESTC) is an international database containing descriptions and locations of books, pamphlets and broadsides printed in England and its colonies in any language as well as books printed in English in other parts of the world during the eighteenth century. Since its beginning in the late 1970s, the ESTC project has been relying on libraries to report their holdings of relevant items (serials, newspapers and printed forms are not eligible for inclusion). As of 1987, the National Library of Canada had reported all its pre-1801 Canadian imprints (seventy-one items). Since then, a number of eighteenth-century items have been added to the Rare Book Collection through purchase, transfers and donations. In the fall of 1994, Christina Lockerby, a co-op student from the University of Western On-tario, described another ninety pre- 1801 Canadian imprints, the Library's collection having more than doubled in the last seven years. The National Library is now up-to-date in reporting its Canadian imprints (a total of 161) and will soon begin compiling a list of recent acquisitions of American and European titles (about 150) which qualify for inclusion in the ESTC database. ***** National Library staff flooded into Ruth Lawless's former office in Acquisitions and Bibliographic Services on February 23 to wish her well in her retirement. The Assistant Director of Acquisitions for 14 years, she worked at the Department of Transport from 1971 to 1980 before joining the staff of the National Library. Describing herself as a “recycled housewife”, the Ottawa native stayed home during the early years of her marriage “because of the kids and because of the navy”. Her husband, a Lieutenant-Commander in the Canadian Navy, served in various parts of the country — their three children were born in Nova Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia. It was not until his career pattern changed and the chil-dren were older that Ruth was able to obtain a library degree at the University of Western Ontario and pursue a career in the federal government. In retirement, her plans include long visits with children and grandchildren in Victoria and Toronto, and extensive volunteer work. She intends to be a very active Friend of the National Library and will also be using her administrative and organizational talents for other worthy causes. ***** BY CARROL D. LUNAU, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS The North American Interlibrary Loan Document Delivery Developers/Implementors Group (DIG) of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), held its fourth meeting on February 3, 1995 in conjunction with the American Library Association mid-winter meeting in Philadelphia. The group consists of representatives from 45 libraries, system developers, software developers, document suppliers, and subscription agents. The meeting provided a forum for discussion between ARL directors and the developers of interlibrary loan (ILL) or document delivery products that focus on management software and financial systems, two of the NAILDD project's technical priorities. The third technical priority is the development or revision of standards needed to improve ILL and document delivery processes (see “National Library Participation in the NAILDD Project”, NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 26, no. 6, June 1994, pp. 5-6, and “Nailing Down New ILL System”, vol. 26, nos. 8- 9, August/September 1994, p. 16). The project status report of December 1, 1994 states: “During the past year the focus of the North American Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery (NAILDD) Project has broadened to include both technical and redesigning/rethinking initiatives. The Project's goal is the identification of developments that will improve the delivery of materials to users at costs that are sustainable for libraries. Initially, the Project secured consensus on priority technical needs and subsequently has worked to encourage other organizations and vendors to develop or enhance products and services to meet each of the three priorities.” During the most recent meeting in Feb-ruary, a number of vendors demonstrated products that fulfill some NAILDD priorities. OCLC described the devel-opment of the ILL Fee Management (IFM) system which will help users of the OCLC ILL system to track ILL charges. Many of the project's financial/accounting requirements are satisfied by this system. A second OCLC initiative is the creation of a patron-request form that can be completed with the tool Mosaic. The form incorporates the data elements required by the ILL protocol. ISM Library Information Services made a presentation about AVISO, and described the changes being made to the software to turn it into an ILL system that meets the needs of U.S. libraries. Enhancements include features such as copyright tracking, enhanced statistical reports, interfaces with OCLC and RLIN, and changes to spelling on-screen that incorporate U.S. spelling. The Triangle Research Libraries Network in North Carolina described their ILL and document delivery system. This system is being developed to incorporate the ILL protocol, the first U.S. implementation of the standard. Other developments include a project in Australia that links 18 universities through the use of six different systems, and a project in New York that links three academic libraries and one public system. The Electronic Library Pilot Project of the Institute for Scientific Information attracted much attention. This project will include institutions in the U.S. and the United Kingdom. Participants have been selected from university libraries, public libraries and corporate sites. The project, according to the press release, is “designed to allow both publishers and users the ability to test the many variables relating to electronic journal distribution, [and]...will provide access to a significant amount of literature in a controlled environment. This literature consists of ISI's Current Contents/Life Sciences (providing tables of contents for 1,350 journals, complete bibliographic data, and abstracts) as well as the full images of those journals to which the pilot site subscribes (and for which publishers have agreed to allow electronic storage and delivery). The system will deliver this information directly to the user's desktop via the local area network.” The presentations highlighted the diversity of activity related to ILL and document delivery. However, none of the current developments addresses all the management, financial and standards requirements of a comprehensive system that can meet the needs of North American libraries. The NAILDD Project will continue to work with developers and function as a catalyst for the exchange of information between developers and users. Canadian librarians who wish to monitor the progress of the NAILDD Project can examine selected project documents via the ARL gopher. To access the gopher, point your gopher to arl.cni.org and consult the directory Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery. Information can also be obtained from: Mary Jackson Access and Delivery Services Consultant Association of Research Libraries 21 Dupont Circle Washington, DC 20036 Telephone: (202) 296-2296 Fax: (202) 872-0884 Internet: mary@cni.org ***** BY MARION L. PAPE, PROVINCIAL LIBRARIAN, NOVA SCOTIA PROVINCIAL LIBRARY The vision statement of the Nova Scotia Provincial Library declares that all Nova Scotians will have access to the information resources of all publicly funded libraries in the province from their preferred location. To achieve this goal, a distributed multiLIS library automated system and network has been developed, and it now links eleven regional library headquarters throughout Nova Scotia with the Provincial Library. The system, called NcompasS, offers access to the holdings of all eleven regional libraries in a single “virtual union catalogue” of holdings. This system has the capacity to house more than 120 databases of other libraries and research collections, and discussions about possible links with several libraries and resource centres are underway. Each regional library headquarters has a full Internet connection to enable staff to search and update the NcompasS database, to perform interlibrary loan functions, and to exploit the Internet's resources, including electronic mail, file transfer and the World Wide Web. A World Wide Web site at the Provincial Library incorporates a description of services available and links to other home pages, a variety of listservs established by the Provincial Library, and announcements. NcompasS can also be accessed from homes or offices by using the Internet, dialup, or links from existing or planned Free-nets. An automation grant program has been established for Nova Scotia's regional libraries. The aim of the program is to enable the libraries to become fully automated with distributed local systems within four years. Also, the provincial Department of Education and Culture is establishing a Wide Area Network which will connect branch libraries, community colleges and some museums across the province and allow public access to the Internet from these sites. An extremely important part of all new technological initiatives is the training of community residents, library staff and library patrons. The benefits of the Internet is only one example of training needs in Nova Scotia. The Provincial Library has hired an automation training librarian to train staff at regional libraries and develop training packages related to the multiLIS software. Already libraries are seeing the advantages of coordinated training, and we hope to expand on these benefits in the upcoming months. The Provincial Library has been very involved with the Free- net movement in Nova Scotia, and organized a province-wide conference in November 1994 to bring together all interested parties. The result of this meeting was the formation of the Nova Scotia Federation of Community Networks. The organizing boards in Metro Halifax and Cape Breton are very busy and there is a great deal of activity in Antigonish, Truro, Amherst, Wolfville and Yarmouth. As a result of these and other initiatives, the regional public libraries and branches of Nova Scotia are becoming access points for a large variety of information sources. This will be of significant strategic benefit for introducing pilot projects and cooperative partnerships with different agencies to develop innovative new applications. This will promote state-of-the-art technology in the province that will have a uniquely “made in Nova Scotia” flavour. Address for the Provincial Library's home page: http://rs6000.nshpl.library.ns.ca. ***** BY CARROL D. LUNAU, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS The volume of transborder interlibrary loans (ILL) has increased over the past several years as a growing number of libraries have made their catalogues available over the Internet or joined OCLC for ILL purposes. ILL materials are not subject to the Goods and Services Tax (GST). However, occasionally, Revenue Canada - Customs and Excise officals unfamiliar with ILL procedures attach a form requesting payment to a parcel. In such a case, the receiving library can return the parcel to Revenue Canada Customs for re- assessment prior to payment, or else pay the duties and taxes and apply for a refund. These procedures can cause delays in getting the requested material to the client and add to the administrative costs of ILL. The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) in the United States and the National Library of Canada have been working on developing a fact sheet that will clarify for American libraries the way in which they should identify packages to facilitate their clearance by Canadian Customs. This fact sheet will be available within the next few months. Canadian libraries may want to ask lending libraries in the U.S. to mark ILL packages with the following information: ATTENTION REVENUE CANADA Tariff: 9812.00.00 GST Code: 51 International loans between libraries. No commercial value. A Canadian library lending an item to a foreign library should suggest that the foreign library give the following information on the package when they return it to Canada: ATTENTION REVENUE CANADA Tariff: 9813.00.00 or 9814.00.00 GST Code: 66 Property of (name of Canadian library) returned on interlibrary loan Libraries could also print mailing labels that give the appropriate information and include a copy with the item when it is sent out on loan. The borrowing library can attach the label to the package when it returns the item. Following these steps should reduce the number of times GST is incorrectly charged. A library that is importing material into Canada by courier or another common carrier must provide Revenue Canada with an Import Declaration whether or not the material is duty- free and tax-exempt. The required documentation can be provided by the importer personally or through the services of a Revenue Canada customs broker: the library either has to do the paperwork to clear the parcel or pay a broker to do it. Broker fees vary but could significantly increase the cost of interlibrary loans. Technology is making the process of identifying and requesting ILL material easier and faster. However, there are still problems in returning material. In the foreseeable future, libraries must continue to search for the most efficient way to package and deliver returnable materials. Complete and accurate identification and appropriate information on packages should help to reduce unnecessary delays and costs. ***** BY CARROL D. LUNAU, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS On February 7, 1995 the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Office for Universal Access to Publications (UAP) announced the launching of a trial project, the IFLA Voucher Payment Scheme for international interlibrary loan. The vouchers can be used as a payment method to counter some of the problems that arise when it becomes necessary to pay relatively small amounts of money to libraries in other countries for interlibrary loan service. Payment is made by means of a small plastic voucher. Vouchers are purchased from the IFLA Office for UAP at Boston Spa, England and cost $8.00 U.S. for a full voucher or $4.00 U.S. for a half-voucher. One voucher is valid for one loan or for a certain number of photocopied pages. Vouchers can be reused and are valid until they physically deteriorate. If a library accumulates more vouchers than it can reuse, the extras can be returned to the IFLA Office for a full refund. Libraries from the United States, Can-ada, South Africa, Australia, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Hungary, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom have expressed interest in participating in the pilot project. A second trial project, supported by UNESCO, is also being conducted. This project involves a number of libraries from the developing world. Canadian libraries that have a high volume of international lending or borrowing may wish to become involved in the voucher project. The primary benefit of the Voucher Scheme is the potential for reducing the administrative overhead involved in processing international fi-nancial transactions. More information about this project can be obtained from : Sara Gould IFLA Office for UAP c/o The British Library Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ United Kingdom Telephone: 44 1937 546254 Fax: 44 1937 546478 Internet: sara.gould@bl.uk. ***** BY CARROL D. LUNAU, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS On January 16, 1995 the proposal for the continuation of the Library Book Rate postal subsidy was submitted to the Department of Canadian Heritage. The proposal was prepared by a Steering Committee, consisting of representatives from the National Library of Canada, the Canadian Library Association and the Association pour l'avancement des sciences et des techniques de la docu-mentation, after an extensive consulta-tion process. Late in 1993, libraries were surveyed to determine their preferences with regard to a replacement program (see “Library Book Rate Replacement Proposals”, NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 26, no. 6, June 1994, p.12). The survey results were discussed at a number of library conferences during 1994 and the proposal was sent to all respondents for comment in November 1994. The following recommendations are included in the proposal: 1. The Library Book Rate (Postal Subsidy) should be continued by the Publications Distribution Assistance Program of Canadian Heritage. 2. The whole subsidy available for Library Book Rate should be passed on to Canada Post. 3. The subsidy should be an annual lump sum which is not related to the volume of materials sent by Library Book Rate. 4. The Department of Canadian Heritage should continue to be responsible for negotiating the actual rates with Canada Post. 5. The definition of eligible material should be clarified. 6. The library community, in cooperation with Canada Post, should advertise the program to libraries and postal employees. In summary, the proposal recommends the “status quo” with two minor changes: the inclusion of non-print materials as eligible items under the postal subsidy, and better promotion and advertising of the program. Over the next several months the Department of Canadian Heritage will be negotiating the program with Canada Post and with Treasury Board. We will keep you informed of the progress of the negotiations between Heritage and Canada Post through NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS. The complete text of the proposal is available on the National Library's Gopher at gopher.nlc-bnc.ca, under Canadian libraries/Canadian resource sharing. ***** On March 6, at Rideau Hall in Ottawa, His Excellency the Right Honourable Roméo LeBlanc presented National Librarian Marianne Scott with the insignia of an Officer of the Order of Canada (photos: Sgt. Michel Roy, Rideau Hall). ***** BY LYNN HERBERT, SYSTEMS LIBRARIAN, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF REFERENCE AND INFORMATION SERVICES STAFF The Internet is rapidly changing the way in which we communicate and exchange information, news and ideas. In many cases it is replacing the telephone, fax, photocopier and postal service; it may eventually supersede the print formats of some newspapers and magazines. However, although technically sophisticated, the content of the Internet is currently disorganized, and searching it can be problematic. What are the characteristics of searching the Internet and what kinds of search strategies can be used? The best way to conquer the Internet is to understand the available resource discovery tools, their purpose, how they work, what they do, and what their limitations are. Traditional concepts, reference terminologies and strategies for formulating a search plan remain valid for use on the Internet. Searchers need to understand the Internet's current limitations, appreciate its constant and rapid rate of growth, and learn to work with its constantly changing nature. Effective searchers must evaluate the kinds and quantity of information desired, then sel-ect a strategy that uses the most relevant Internet tools. Searching the Internet offers many challenges since the amount, growth and diversity of available information exceeds the capacity of current tools for tracking and finding that information. Complex Boolean searching, as li- brarians understand and use it in online databases, cannnot be used on the Internet despite some claims to the contrary. In practice, only simple Boolean searches can be successfully performed. Fortunately, efforts to organize the Internet's content and to make the tools more sophisticated are evolving along with the growth of the Internet. What are the current Internet resource discovery tools and how can they be used? Early host servers offered documents, software, and searchable databases and indexes through Telnet or file transfer protocol (FTP) connections. Currently, most host servers also provide a means for navigating the information they offer as well as providing links to other servers through gopher or World Wide Web. These links can give users access to indexes, information on specific topics, types of institutions, or servers in specific geographic locations. Indexes to information found in single or on multiple servers are available. These indexes usually consist of free-text indexes of either document names or the complete documents. Usually the best reference source for Internet content is found on the Internet itself. Reference tools for finding information exist in both directory-type format on Web and gopher servers, and in electronic guides and bibliographies for every topic. Internet discussion lists and newsgroups provide excellent sources for current awareness on every imaginable topic. They are rich in many kinds of information: discussions on particular topics, resources, sites, conferences, seminars, publications, announcements and reviews of electronic journals and books, and services. Postings can offer articles, studies, reports and tables of contents, and serve as distribution for electronic serials. Although not generally suitable for one-time reference requests, Internet users sometimes resort successfully to posting a question to supplement or replace a search. Searching for library catalogues is simplified with a Web and gopher version of Hytelnet, which is an electronic directory, constantly updated, of library catalogues available on the Internet that is arranged according to geographic location or type of library catalogue system. This “live” directory also facilitates the remote logon. The National Library's gopher server provides value-added access by province and type of library to Canadian libraries on the Internet: users can access menus by pointing their gopher client at gopher.nlc-bnc.ca. The general indexes to gopher servers (Veronica and Jughead) and Web servers (WebCrawler, World Wide Web Worm, AliWeb, etc.) are extremely useful, but also have limitations. Because of the quantity of information on the Internet and the limited Boolean search possibilities, searches on broad topics are usually not successful or precise with general indexes. Servers hosting such indexes are typically so busy that access may be almost impossible during peak hours. When a connection is successfully made, tailored results are returned as either a gopher menu or a Web page. However, results can include duplicates, although Web indexes usually provide weighted results, a vast improvement over the earlier gopher indexes. As well, the nature of information in servers can lead to index results that are no longer valid because information on the server was changed between the time that the information was indexed and the time that the server was searched. And because the indexes cannot keep up with the information that becomes available daily on the Internet, comprehensive results (insofar as these are possible) can be achieved only by trying several different search methods and several different indexes. The general indexes mentioned above are not to be confused with the specific indexes attached to the offerings of a particular server. These specific indexes (Jughead, WAIS, etc.) are very useful for providing full-text indexing to either the documents on a single server, an electronic archive of a publication, or a database or directory. As well as providing access to publications, databases, and information about its own institution, a host server may make some contribution to the organization of the Internet by maintaining information or pointers to resources in a particular subject area, geographic area, or format, and links to available resource discovery tools. Some servers also offer registries and links to information on more than one topic, usually organized by simple subjects. For searches on broad topics, these specialty servers are usually more effective than the general index tools. Much valuable work has been done by individuals, faculty departments, students and researchers, and this should not be overlooked. When does the National Library's reference staff turn to the Internet for help in answering reference ques-tions? Reference staff usually start with on-site print and electronic sources, but turn to the Internet to supplement their searches or to replace expensive online sources. At times, the Internet can provide answers that cannot be found elsewhere, especially regarding electronic products and services. For very current information, some of the reference staff are beginning to think of the Internet as a first resort. Staff are also keeping current by reading electronic journals and publications available only on the Internet. One example of how the Internet is assuming the role of some online services is when library catalogues can be searched more economically on the Internet than on the more expensive databases. Reference staff often use the Internet to search library catalogues in both Canada and the rest of the world for locations, to ascertain collection strengths, and to verify or supplement bibliographic details. There are other cases in which the Internet is becoming an important reference source. For example, reference staff increasingly use the Internet for delivering information about government agencies and activities, both Canadian and international, and for gaining access to full-text of current government publications and announcements. The Internet is one of the primary resources for learning about digitization projects and electronic services of other libraries around the world, and it is rich with policy documents, reports, studies, and statistics published by libraries on their Internet servers. Newspapers and magazines around the world are putting full or partial versions of their print products on the Internet. Offerings include editorials, articles, advertisements, obituary notices, past issues, software and more. Reference staff also find useful information about print newspapers. And staff of the Canadian Literature Research Service have found the Internet to be the sole source of information about some electronic works, and have also been able to find electronic excerpts of printed works. What are some examples of answers found on the Internet? Information about COMPASS, an indexing system used by the British Library, was available via the BL's gopher server. Reference staff were able to track down contact information for a University of British Columbia author by checking an online faculty directory. Information about the Library of Congress digitization project was accessed by staff of the Library Information Service (formerly the Library Development Centre). An excerpt of Douglas Coupland's forthcoming novel was found in WIRED, an American electronic serial. The citation will appear in a reading list about Coupland, and will include information on electronic sites and sources. Can clients communicate with Reference and Information Services by using the Internet? Clients from around the world are beginning to send reference requests about Canadian topics by electronic mail, either to the general Internet address or to individuals. Unless a question is directed specifically to Reference and Information Services, we do not, as a policy, attempt to answer questions on Canadian topics posted to discussion lists or newsgroups. For more information, contact: Reference and Information Services National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (613) 995-9481 Fax: (613) 943-1112 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: reference@nlc-bnc.ca ***** In the February 1995 issue of NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS (p. 4), the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions (CIHM), which appeared in the list of participating organizations at the National Meeting of Canadian Preservation Specialists, was noted in such a way that it seems to be a part of the National Archives of Canada. CIHM is an independent non-profit organization whose office is located in 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, the headquarters building of the National Library and the Archives. For more information about CIHM, contact: Pam Bjornson Executive Director CIHM P.O. Box 2428, Station D Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5W5 Telephone: (613) 235-2628 Fax: (613) 235-9752 Internet: pmb@nlo.nlc-bnc.ca ***** BY WAYNE JONES, ACQUISITIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICES A lot of electronic publishing is taking place these days. Electronic publishers use not only the now-familiar CD-ROMs and diskettes, but also create and distribute their works in what is referred to as “online” or “remote-access” electronic form. Some have predicted that this format will eventually replace the venerable tradition of print. This may be an exaggeration, but it is certainly true that online serials have proliferated during the last few years, and some serials are available now only online. The Electronic Collections Committee was established at the National Library of Canada to review and make recommendations on the whole range of issues related to electronic publications. A subgroup of the committee, the Cata- loguing Task Group, was established in February 1994 for the purpose of recommending Library policies and practices for describing and cataloguing online serials. The Cataloguing Task Group delivered its report in July 1994. Following are the main recommendations of the Cataloguing Task Group: Descriptive and subject cataloguing will be done according to the same standards used for other library materials, complemented by appropriate in-house guidelines developed at the National Library. (Detailed descriptive cataloguing guidelines were developed by the task group and appended to the report.) International Standard Serial Numbes (ISSN) will be assigned to these titles. The same in-house cataloguing priorities and levels of cataloguing will be applied to online serials as to other serials. The cataloguing records will be available on the National Library's current bibliographic system, DOBIS, but because of technical difficulties they will not be listed in the national bibliography, CANADIANA, until the Library's new bibliographic information management system, AMICUS, has been implemented. The National Library will use the same policy as the Library of Congress to determine whether different versions of the same serial require separate cataloguing records. The MARC field 856 in cataloguing records will be used for details about electronic location and access. The field, which was approved by the Canadian Committee on MARC in June 1994, will be used when implemented in AMICUS. In June 1994 another initiative of the Electronic Collections Committee was established. The Electronic Publications Pilot Project has a broader mandate than the Task Group (see “The National Li-brary's Electronic Publications Pilot Project”, NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 27, nos. 3-4, March/April 1995, pp. 1, 4-5). The pilot project is investigating all aspects of the treatment of online serials at the Library: acquisition, control, cata- loguing, short-term and long-term storage, and public access. This is being done by acquiring online serials, processing and offering access to them to gain experience in both process and results. The report of the pilot project is now available on the World Wide Web and the gopher. Addresses: http:/www.nlc-bnc.ca/eppp/e3p.htm and gopher.nlc-bnc.ca under Canadian electronic publications. For more information, please contact: Wayne Jones Leader, Serials Team Acquisitions and Bibliographic Services National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (819) 953-2718 Fax: (819) 953-0291 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: wayne.jones@nlc-bnc.ca ***** DID YOU KNOW... that the National Library received a copy of a new book, RIDEAU HALL: CAN-ADA'S LIVING HERITAGE in a formal presentation at Rideau Hall on January 21? Co-written by Her Excellency Mrs. Gerda Hnatyshyn and Paulette Lachapelle- Bélisle, with a preface by Mrs. Hnatyshyn and the former Governor General, His Excellency the Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn, the book permits readers to take “a pictorial tour” of the house that has been the residence of Canada's Governors General since 1867. It is available from Friends of Rideau Hall, P.O. Box 7158, Vanier Station, Vanier, Ontario K1L 5A0, at $85.00/copy. ***** BY GWYNNETH EVANS, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS In every generation, there are men and women who are pioneers. “Pioneer” has two meanings. The first, appearing in the sixteenth century, referred to a “soldier going in advance of an army to prepare the way”; the second, from the eighteenth century, denoted “the first or original investigator” (C.T. Onions, ed., OXFORD DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966). Both definitions, taken literally, suggest a pre-meditated or conscious decision to begin the adventure. Emily A. Keeley may have embarked on her adventure intuitively, but, in several arenas, she found herself beyond the comfortable parameters of the known, accepted, and well-trodden path. Born in Toronto in 1913, Emily gradu-ated with a B.A. from Trinity College in 1934 and a Bachelor of Library Science degree from the University of Toronto shortly thereafter. She worked at the library of Victoria College and was the Oakville Librarian and manager of the Anglican Bookstore in Toronto (a male bastion) before she moved to eastern Ontario in the 1950s. When she was asked to leave her post at the bookstore, theological students from both Anglican colleges in Toronto protested the injustice by marching on Church House. The police were called, and the incident received front-page media attention. Emily's career then shifted into the management of scientific libraries in the library of Industrial Cellulose Research Inc. in Hawkesbury and in the departmental library of Fisheries and Forestry (later Department of the Environment) in Ottawa. She also worked as a writer and editor. From the 1970s on, she was a dedicated, tireless advocate and activist for persons with disabilities. Emily died on June 2, 1994. As one of her executrixes, I had the privilege of disposing of some of the material expressions of her full and varied life. She was not a professional collector, but along her journey, she acquired art and books that spoke to her. The evaluations of Emily's early Alan Sapp paintings and an ink drawing of an Innu woman and child by James Houston were completed well before her death, and it was quite simple to follow the instructions of her will. We were able to give some of these objects to the Canadian Museum of Civilization and the National Library of Canada in return for tax receipts for her estate. However, she left the choice for the disposition of her books to me. Knowing the National Library's collections policy and confident that her books represented the many-faceted nature of her career and her interests, I was able to sort the Canadiana (items by and of interest to Canadians) from the foreign materials. Of the Canadiana publications, the National Library was keenly interested in acquiring more than 80 titles. Recognized as a gift to the Crown through a tax receipt to the estate, these works have been added to the Library's fine and extensive collection of Canadiana, in some cases as the only copy and, in others, as the second and/or better copy (a second copy enables the Library to preserve one for future generations and make the other available for on-site use and interlibrary loan). I write this short tale for two reasons. First, Emily Keeley, like other Canadians, was both a unique individual and an active participant in the diverse yet intertwined activities of a developing country on the move. She was inclusive, courageous and fiercely proud of being Canadian, inside or outside the country. And it is appropriate that two national institutions now own and benefit from some of her possessions that testify to the evolution of Canada. My second reason is to record my pride and pleasure that she allowed me to decide on appropriate homes for many of her belongings. Knowing both the needs of the National Library and her strong sense of national community and her desire to share, I was able to ensure that some of her possessions of lasting value will continue to be enjoyed by other Canadians. Not all of us have the same latitude in making decisions as did the executrixes of Emily Keeley's estate. But almost all of us have the opportunity to influence, in some way, the disposition of possessions. The National Library welcomes all enquiries about gifts that will enrich our collections for the use of all Canadians. A free brochure on gifts to the National Library is available from: Marketing and Publishing National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (613) 995-7969 Fax: (613) 991-9871 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: publications@nlc-bnc.ca For further information about gifts to the National Library, contact: Monique Dupré Head, Gifts and Exchanges Section National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (819) 994-6855 Fax: (819) 953-8508 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: gifts@nlc-bnc.ca ***** BY RANDALL WARE, PUBLIC PROGRAMS For the dual purpose of promoting the National Library's music collection and offering opportunities for wonderful entertainment, the National Library of Can-ada has provided the National Capital Region with its only year-round jazz concert venue during the past three years. We have featured many of Canada's finest musicians as well as some talented visitors from other countries. Our program has included both many stars and an equally large number of talented newcomers. Having developed the market for this wonderful music, our auditorium is always full for the concerts. The internationally acclaimed saxophonist, Jane Bunnett, has commented “...we had a great time playing in Ottawa. Continued success with one of the nicest venues in Canada.” Award-winning drummer Barry Elmes agrees: “What a thrill to play for a capacity audience at the National Library theatre! Add excellent acoustics and first-rate organization and technical support: our Ottawa concert was one of the highlights of our cross-Canada tour!” The photos on these pages were taken at some of our concerts by John Fowler, a photographer with a particular interest in jazz. A civil engineer by training, John began serious study of photography in 1985 when he moved to Ottawa. He began attending the Ottawa International Jazz Festival in 1987, at which time he started to take photographs of per- formers. Since then he has worked on refining his technique. He works almost exclusively in black and white, and develops, prints and mounts his own work. He has photographed musicians in Montreal, Toronto, Calgary, New Orleans, Chicago and San Antonio as well as Ottawa. Numerous jazz groups have used his photographs to illustrate the sleeves and liner notes for their recordings. John's work reflects a sincere admiration for the energy, emotion, dedication and skill that the artists demonstrate while playing jazz. We are delighted that John has chosen to share these photographs with us. He can be sure that we will always save that seat in the first row for him at all our future concerts! ***** Arora, Ved; Bell, Irena; Jenkins, Marilyn. — “International market for spoken books”. — MULTICULTURAL REVIEW. — Vol. 3, no. 2 (June 1994). — P. 32-39. Banks, Joyce M. — “The ethics of disbinding”. — Symposium 88 - Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works on Paper (1988 : Ottawa, Ont.). — CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC AND ARTISTIC WORKS ON PAPER : PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE, OTTAWA, CANADA, OCTOBER 3 TO 7, 1988 = CONSERVATION DES OEUVRES HISTORIQUES ET ARTISTIQUES SUR PAPIER : LES ACTES DE LA CONFéRENCE, OTTAWA, CANADA, 3 AU 7 OCTOBRE 1988. — Ed. by Helen D. Burgess = Sous la direction de Helen D. Burgess. — Ottawa : Canadian Conservation Institute = Institut canadien de conservation, 1994. — P. 273-274. Banks, Joyce M. — “Partners in time : Canadiana on microfiche from the National Library's Rare Book Collection”. — FACSIMILE. — No. 11 (May 1994).— P. 3-5. Banks, Joyce M.; Evans, Gwynneth. — “Library publishing in Canada : an overview”. — “A CENTURY OF LIBRARY PUBLICATIONS”: EXHIBITION CATALOGUE & ACCOMPANYING ESSAYS. — Los Angeles, Calif. : Arundel Press/Arundel Antiquarian Books, 1995. (forthcoming/à paraître). Bond, Mary. — “Canadian directories at the National Library of Canada”. — FAMILIES. — Vol. 33, no. 3 (August 1994). — P. 133-138. Bottomley, Lucy J. — “Electronic data interchange and libraries”. — FELICITER. — Vol. 40, no. 4 (April 1994). — P. 45-47. Brodie, Nancy. — “Les bibliothèques fédérales en transition”. — LIAISON (Conseil des bibliothèques du gouvernement fédéral). — No 87 (novembre/décembre 1994). — P. 1-3. Brodie, Nancy. — “Federal libraries in transition”. — LIAISON (Council of Federal Libraries). — No. 87 (November/December 1994). — P. 1-3. Brodie, Nancy. — “Gophers and federal government information on the Internet”. — LIAISON (Council of Federal Libraries). — No. 83 (March/April 1994). — P. 3. Brodie, Nancy. — “Les Gophers et l'information du gouvernement fédéral sur Internet”. — LIAISON (Conseil des bibliothèques du gouvernement fédéral). — No 83 (mars/avril 1994). — P. 3. Bruneau, Alain-Philippe. — “Geometrical patterns underlying human intelligence : implications in information retrieval”. — KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION. — Vol. 21, no. 3 (1994). — P. 132- 139. Buchinski, Edwin. — “Government document re-engineering and standardization : a case study”. — GOVERNMENT INFORMATION IN CANADA [electronic serial]. — Vol. 1, no. 2 (Fall/automne 1994). — (URL http://WWW.USask.ca/library/gic/v1n2/buchinski/buchinski.htm l) Deavy, Betty; Gauld, Norma. — “The Canada gazette”. — CANADIAN PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. — Vol. 17, no. 2 (Summer 1994). — P. 30-32. Deavy, Betty; Gauld, Norma. — “La Gazette du Canada”. — REVUE PARLEMENTAIRE CANADIENNE. — Vol. 17, no 2 (été 1994). — P. 31-33. Evans, Gwynneth. — “Third world libraries”. — FELICITER. — Vol. 40, no. 10 (October 1994). — P. 45-46. GEOMATIC DATA SETS CATALOGUING RULES. — Editor: Velma Parker. — Co-editors: David Brown, Margaret Stewart, Frank Williams. — Ottawa : Canadian General Standards Board; Canadian Library Association, 1994. Herbert, Lynn. — “Formation sur Internet : où acquérir une formation? Comment s'auto-initier?”. — LIAISON (Conseil des bibliothèques du gouvernement fédéral). — No 83 (mars/avril 1994). — P. 4. Herbert, Lynn. — “Internet training: where to find training and self-instruction information”. — LIAISON (Council of Federal Libraries). — No. 83 (March/April 1994). — P. 4. Jones, Wayne; Queinnec, Young-Hee. — “Format integration and serials cataloguing”. — SERIALS LIBRARIAN. — Vol. 25, nos. 1/2 (1994). — P. 83-95. Jones, Wayne; Queinnec, Young-Hee.— “L'intégration des formats et le catalogage des publications en série”. — DOCUMENTATION ET BIBLIOTHèQUES. — Vol. 40, no 3 (juillet- septembre 1994). — P. 133-138. Knight, Lorna. — “Louis Dudek's Grapevine”. — CANADIAN NOTES & QUERIES. — No. 48 (1994). — P. 1, 13-17. Lunau, Carrol D. — “Electronic ILL and document delivery in North America”. — ELEKTRONISCHE FERNLEIHE UND DOKUMENTLIEFERUNG. — Hrsg. Klaus Franken, Konstanz und Karl- Wilhelm Neubauer. — Bielefeld : Konstanz, 1994. — P. 59-79. Lunau, Carrol D. — “Library bookrate : comparison of current and proposed programs : June 1994”. — FELICITER. — Vol. 40, no. 10 (October 1994). — P. 18-19. Lunau, Carrol D; Beaumont, Jane. — “Document supply: a challenge for Canadian libraries”. — INTERLENDING & DOCUMENT SUPPLY. — Vol. 22, no. 3 (1994). — P. 15-21. Manning, Ralph W. — “Canadian cooperative preservation”. — LIBRARY CONSERVATION NEWS. — No. 43 (Summer 1994). — P. 1-2. Manning, Ralph W. — “The national standards system of Canada and its application in the field of information and documentation”. — Open Forum on the Study of the International Exchange of Japanese Information and Scholarly Databases in East Asian Scripts 1992/1993 (12th : 1992 : Tokyo). — SCHOLARLY INFORMATION AND STANDARDIZATION : PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH OPEN FORUM ON THE STUDY OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF JAPANESE INFORMATION AND SCHOLARLY DATABASES IN EAST ASIAN SCRIPTS 1992/1993, NOVEMBER 20, 1992, TOKYO. — Sponsored by National Center for Science Information Systems [and] National Diet Library. — Editor: William E. Moen. — Bethesda, Md. : NISO Press, 1994. — P. 33- 41. Métivier, Chantal. — “Coffret de fartage”. — LA GLISSE : BULLETIN DE NOUVELLES DU CLUB DE SKI DE FOND SKINOUK. — (Janvier 1994). — P. 3-4. Métivier, Chantal. — “Demeurez bien au chaud”. — LA GLISSE : BULLETIN DE NOUVELLES DU CLUB DE SKI DE FOND SKINOUK. — (Mars 1994). — P. 3-4. Métivier, Chantal. — “Fluorocarbone”. — LA GLISSE : BULLETIN DE NOUVELLES DU CLUB DE SKI DE FOND SKINOUK. — (Mars 1994). — P. 4-5. Métivier, Chantal. — “Base de l'entraînement aérobique”. — LA GLISSE : BULLETIN DE NOUVELLES DU CLUB DE SKI DE FOND SKINOUK. — (Mars 1994). — P. 7-8. Métivier, Chantal. — “Qu'est-ce que sont les intervalles?”. — LA GLISSE : BULLETIN DE NOUVELLES DU CLUB DE SKI DE FOND SKINOUK. — (Mars 1994). — P. 8-9. Métivier, Chantal. — “Lunettes ou pas?”. — LA GLISSE : BULLETIN DE NOUVELLES DU CLUB DE SKI DE FOND SKINOUK. — (Juin 1994). — P. 5-6. Métivier, Chantal. — “Restez au sec”. — LA GLISSE : BULLETIN DE NOUVELLES DU CLUB DE SKI DE FOND SKINOUK. — Vol. 1, no 5 (octobre 1994). — P. 3. Robertson, Carolynn. — “Support staff at the National Library of Canada”. — LIBRARY MOSAICS. — Vol. 5, no. 1 (January/February 1994). — P. 12-15. Scott, Marianne. — “Canadian government information : national resources at the National Library of Canada”. — GOVERNMENT INFORMATION IN CANADA [electronic serial]. — Vol. 1, no. 1 (Summer 1994). — (URL http://WWW.USask.ca/library/gic/v1n1/scott/scott.html) Tallim, Paula. — “About the UDT Core Programme”. — IFLA JOURNAL. — Vol. 20, no. 3 (1994). — P. 375-377. Tallim, Paula. — “Standards and networking options to support EDI : a North American perspective”. — JOURNAL OF INFORMATION NETWORKING. — (forthcoming/à paraître). Turner, Fay. — “Z39.50 and information retrieval tool kit software”. — FELICITER. — Vol. 40, no. 2 (February 1994). — P. 49-51. Turner, Fay. — “Z39.50 public domain software announced”. — INFORMATION STANDARDS QUARTERLY. — Vol. 6, no. 1 (January 1994). — P. 5-6. Wehrle, Marlene. — “Recent activities at the National Library of Canada. Printed Collection, Music Division”. — NEWSLETTER (Canadian Association of Music Libraries) = NOUVELLES (Association canadienne des bibliothèques musicales). — Vol. 22, no. 2 (March/mars 1994). — P. 9. Wehrle, Marlene. — “Reference sources on Canadian music : a supplement to Guy Marco, Information on Music, vol. II”. — FONTES ARTIS MUSICAE. — Vol. 41, no. 1 (January-March 1994). — P. 40-52. Williamson, Michael; Oakes, Bonnie. — “Canadian library trends in 1993”. — BOWKER ANNUAL LIBRARY AND BOOK TRADE ALMANAC. — 39th ed. — New Providence, N.J. : R.R. Bowker, 1994. — P. 241-246. Winston, Iris. — “Alternative formats honour right of access”. — INFORMATION MANAGEMENT BULLETIN. — No. 7 (March 1994). — P. 3. Winston, Iris. — “Canada's basic problem : too much daycare, too few jobs”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (March 8, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “Family pet gave lifetime of love and loyalty”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (September 14, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “Former actor takes challenging role of opening theatre arts studio”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (August 16, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “Good year of theatre”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (June 29, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “Joanne McCabe big winner”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (May 30, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “Kanata theatre stalled by call for more study”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (April 14, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “Long Island Playhouse sees permanent role in summer theatre”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (September 26, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “The shadow of the Holocaust in my father's life”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (February 27, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “Tara's role model”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (October 27, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “Theatre on menu in Manotick”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (June 15, 1994). Winston, Iris. — “This may not be Kansas, but here comes the Wizard”. — OTTAWA CITIZEN. — (May 5, 1994). ***** END OF TEXT