National Library News Volume 27 # 7-8 July/August 1995 ISSN: 1195-2326 Contents Access AMICUS Search Service Speaking from...Corporate Policy and Planning National Library Helps Other Libraries Meet Needs of Visually Impaired Canadians Government and Industry Collaborate on Research Project to Unravel Mysteries of Lignin Resource Sharing: Making the Connections Union Catalogues and Resource Sharing in Canada The UNESCO Public Library Manifesto 1994 Legal Deposit: Changing and Better A Visit from the Head of Cataloguing at the British Library CANADIAN SUBJECT HEADINGS Editor Leaves National Library For the Love of Music INTERLIBRARY LOAN POLICIES IN CANADA: Different Formats Public Programs Spotlight on...An Evening “Out of This World” The Big Read Canadian Library/Information Science Research Projects ***** MANAGING EDITOR Gwynneth Evans EDITORS Willadean Leo Jean-Marie Brière GRAPHIC Roseanne Ducharme National Library News, published ten times a year by the National Library of Canada, is available free upon request. 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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. ***** BY GISèLE DEVILLERS, DIRECTOR, USER SUPPORT SERVICES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES In June, the National Library of Canada released its new automated system, AMICUS, which has been in development over the past several years. The DOBIS Search Service has been replaced by a new and improved service, Access AMICUS, developed by the National Library of Canada with a systems integrator, a Montreal-based company, CGI. AMICUS consists of a suite of applications which offers the technological support to deliver quality services to partners and users and to perform internal operations both now and in the future. Access AMICUS, the Library's national bilingual database service, facilitates user access to the AMICUS database in support of local library services such as interlibrary loan, copy cataloguing and reference. Access AMICUS incorporates popular features of the DOBIS Search Service, and also offers new features and services to users. For example, Access AMICUS users can perform both bibliographic and non-bibliographic searches, as they could by using DOBIS. Users will also be able to expand their searches through a variety of primary and secondary means, such as indices. Boolean operators allow AMICUS users to broaden or narrow searches. Users can search for specific items or browse through lists of headings in the system. By setting the Suser view” feature to one of a number of options, users can also limit searches to the union catalogue, to the National Library view or to any record in the database regardless of its view. The popular DOBIS/ILL feature, which allows users to send interlibrary loan and locations requests to the National Library, has been enhanced and streamlined for Access AMICUS. The new CISTI order feature allows users who are also registered clients of CISTI's Document Delivery Service to send requests for documents directly to CISTI from AMICUS. Access AMICUS's downloading feature enables users across the country to extract CANMARC records from the database to create local files or to add to local systems. Online “Help” and user documentation are available in English and French as are Client Information Centre and Troubleshooting Hotline support services. Access AMICUS subscribers can have access to the AMICUS database via a personal computer or a dumb terminal, and an X.25 telecommunications carrier such as Datapac and iNet. Like DOBIS, Access AMICUS is also available to users over the Internet. Readers interested in learning more about the Access AMICUS service, including costs and information on how to subscribe, can contact: Client Information Centre: National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (819) 997-7227 Fax: (819) 994-6835 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: cic@nlc-bnc.ca We will be pleased to provide you with information on the service and how it can assist you in serving your users. (Part of this article appears in LIAISON 95-03, May-June 1995, published by the National Library of Canada.) ***** BY TOM DELSEY, DIRECTOR GENERAL, CORPORATE POLICY AND PLANNING<> Over the past twelve months the National Library has been engaged in a more or less continuous round of strategic planning. The timetable for the planning exercise was set for the Library, as it was for all federal departments and agencies, by the Privy Council and Treasury Board. It began in June 1994 with the initiation of a government-wide program review and culminated in April 1995 with the submission of business plans for the three-year period covering 1995-1996 through 1997-1998. The terms of reference for the exercise were also established centrally. The Privy Council formulated the “six basic questions” that were to be addressed as part of the program review, and established the targeted reduction levels for each ministerial portfolio that were to be used in developing strategic action plans. After the Cabinet had made its decisions on program review, Treasury Board issued the approved resource levels, developed the “business plan” concept, and gave instructions to departments and agencies on the types of management issues that were to be addressed in the plans. All that may sound as though the planning activity was little more than a bu- reaucratic exercise. From my perspective, however, it was a great deal more than that. It is true that at the political level it was very much a controlled exercise, and in the end it proved to be much more heavily driven by a “bottom-line” fiscal agenda than it was originally expected to be. But when it came down to the actual consideration of options and strategies, for the National Library it was very much the same kind of strategic planning activity the Library had undertaken on its own initiative and under rather different circumstances both at the end of the 1970s and again towards the end of the 1980s. Once again the Library found itself engaged in a serious re- assessment of the needs of its clients, a re- evaluation of its own strengths and the role it plays within the library community, and a critical consideration of priorities. There is no escaping the fact, however, that the major difference between this latest round of strategic planning and those that preceded it was the fiscal context. At the end of the 1970s the National Library was still part of a “growth industry”. The plan that emerged in THE FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY (1979) was, not surprisingly, an ambitious one that would require a significant increase in resources for its implementation. And indeed, significant resource increases did materialize with the funding of a program to promote the implementation of networking among Canadian libraries. However, by the latter half of the 1980s the fiscal outlook had begun to change. The federal government had initiated a downsizing program that would cut the National Library's staff by almost 10 percent over a five-year period, and increases in non-salary budgets were becoming much more difficult to achieve. In tune with this more restrained fiscal climate, ORIENTATIONS: A PLANNING FRAMEWORK FOR THE 1990S (1988) placed much more emphasis on the need to re-focus the Library's role, to build on its strengths, and to explore the potential for partnerships in achieving strategic objectives that, in the past, the Library might have endeavoured to accomplish on its own. With the parameters that were set for this most recent planning exercise, the National Library was facing budget cuts that would go much deeper than any it had had to deal with in the past. There were still about $2 million in cuts to be made to the Library's budget in the upcoming three years (1995-1998) as a result of federal budgets presented in 1993 and 1994, and the additional targeted reductions established within the planning scenarios for the Library's program review ranged from about $5 million to $8 million over that same three-year period. The reductions announced in the 1995 federal budget bring the total cut to the National Library's budget over the next three years to approximately $7 million, which represents roughly 20 percent of the Library's 1994-1995 resource base. Faced with a cut of this magnitude — on top of the cumulative effect of almost ten years of repeated cuts to its base budget — and with the prospect of probably at least another five years of continuing cuts, the National Library is now dealing with its most serious challenge ever to the programs and services it provides to Canadians. Even the activities that are essential to the Library's mandate — the development and preservation of the Canadiana collections, the compilation of the national bibliography, and services supporting resource sharing among Canadian libraries — will all be affected by the latest round of cuts. The strategic plan that has been developed to respond to these cuts depends heavily on the use of technology, re- engineering of business processes, and partnerships. If the strategies are successful they will help to reduce, for the short term, the impact of these latest cuts on the services the Library considers to be central to the fulfillment of its mandate. However, these core programs and services are now in a vulnerable situation. Further cuts to the National Li-brary's resource base will put their continued viability at risk. And if we find ourselves in that situation, there will be even more difficult decisions to be made. We will not be looking at options for more efficient ways to maintain key programs and services. We will be forced to ask whether the programs as we know them can be sustained at all. ***** In May, the National Library of Canada announced that 38 libraries across the country would receive a total of $229 632 to help them purchase equipment necessary to make their collections and catalogues more accessible to the hundreds of thousands of Canadians who use large print, braille or audiotapes. This is the National Library's fourth series of contributions as part of the Adaptive Technology for Libraries Program. As of May, 99 libraries had received $670 000 in financial assistance for the acquisition of specialized equipment for the print-handicapped (see “Adaptive Technology Improving Service”, NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 26, nos. 8-9, August/September 1994, pp. 4-5). “Thanks to this program, almost one hundred Canadian libraries will have been able to purchase software for large print or audio output, speech synthesizers and other equipment necessary for the half-million Canadians who are print-handicapped,” explains National Librarian Marianne Scott. “Everyone has a right to access to information, and we are delighted to assist other libraries in making information more readily available to their clients.” The Adaptive Technology for Libraries Program and the other program for financial assistance to publishers for the publication, in large print, of books by Canadian authors, are multi-year programs created by the National Library under the federal government's National Strategy for the Integration of Persons with Disabilities (see “Twenty-one Canadian Books to be Published in Large Print with Financial Assistance from the National Library”, NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 26, no. 5, May 1994, pp. 1, 3). The Adaptive Technology for Libraries Program will, for example, enable the Calgary Public Library to help some 9 000 print-handicapped Calgarians become more independent by connecting them to the world of information. “I read somewhere that for many people technology makes things easier; for the visually impaired, it makes things possible,” explains Outreach Services Librarian Rosemary Griebel. For more information, contact: Diane Bays National and International Programs National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (613) 992-0908 Fax: (613) 943-2946 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: diane.bays@nlc-bnc.ca Libraries Receiving Contributions for 1995 Alberta Calgary Public Library, $10 200.00 — to provide audio and large-print access to the online public catalogue Leduc Public Library, $4 357.00 — for an optical character recognition reader to create electronic files of printed documents that are read with a synthetic voice University of Calgary, $10 878.18 — for an optical character recognition scanner and a terminal to provide large-print and audio access to the online catalogue British Columbia Camosun College, Victoria, $6 250.00 — for an optical character recognition reading system Crane Library, University of British Co-lumbia, Vancouver, $10 250.00 — to purchase a braille printer East Kootenay Community College, Cranbrook, $9 500.00 — to provide large-print and audio access to the online catalogue, CD-ROMs, and the Internet at Fernie, Golden, Creston and Invermere campuses New Westminster Public Library, $2 195.00 — to provide large- print access to the online public catalogue North Vancouver District Library, $1 787.00 — to provide large-print magnification of the online public catalogue Okanagan Regional Library, Kelowna, $4 160.00 — for two closed circuit televisions for the Vernon and Kelowna public libraries Prince George Public Library, $3 762.50 — to provide audio and large-print access to the online services of the library, including the catalogue and Prince George Free-Net Richmond Public Library, $4 523.85 — to provide large-print magnification of the online public catalogue, CD-ROM databases and the Internet Sedgwick Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, $6 788.50 — for equipment to provide large-print access to the campus online catalogue/information system and the Internet, and an optical character recognition scanner Manitoba Red River Community College, $2 674.50 — to provide access to the OPAC, Internet, and CD-ROMs in large print and audio University of Winnipeg, $7 130.00 — for a closed circuit television and large-print access to the online catalogue and CD-ROM databases Newfoundland Cabot College, St. John's, $7 500.00 — for an optical character recognition reader and a closed circuit television Northwest Territories Arctic College, Thebacha Campus, Fort Smith, $4 016.00 — for an optical character recognition reader Nova Scotia Annapolis Valley Regional Library, Annapolis Royal, $7 000.00 — for work-stations to provide large-print access to the OPAC in four locations Halifax City Regional Library, $2 287.12 — for a closed circuit television South Shore Regional Library, Bridgewater, $10 717.00 — for a closed circuit television and for hardware and software to provide large-print magnification of the online catalogue at service points in the Bridgewater, Lunenburg and Liverpool branches Ontario Brantford Public Library, $3 584.12 — to provide access in large print and audio to the online catalogue and to printed materials with an optical character reading system Cambridge Public Library, $3 913.04 — for an optical character recognition reader Cornwall Public Library, $2 500.00 — to provide audio access to CD-ROM databases Etobicoke public libraries, $5 928.00 — for a scanner and software to provide access to the online catalogue and printed materials at Brentwood Library Hamilton Public Library, $15 000.00 — to provide audio and large-print access to the online catalogue at eight locations Kingston Public Library, $11 556.35 — to provide large-print access to printed materials and to the online catalogue London Public Library, $13 013.10 — to provide audio and large-print access to the online catalogue at two locations Manitouwadge Public Library, $2 250.00 — to provide large- print access to the online catalogue North York Public Library, $6 536.00 — to provide large- print access to the online catalogue and library databases in six locations St. Clair College, Windsor, $10 314.00 — for a scanner and alternative output hardware and software to provide access to printed materials in large print, audio, and braille Trenton Public Library, $1 775.00 — for a closed circuit television Quebec Bibliothèque municipale, Trois-Rivières Ouest, $2 612.87 — for large-print software, a closed circuit television, and magnifiers to provide access to printed materials and the online catalogue Bibliothèque Reginald J. P. Dawson, Ville Mont-Royal, $2 322.75 — for a closed circuit television Bibliothèque publique de Point-Claire, $2 378.00 — to provide large-print access to the online catalogue Concordia University, Montreal, $1 902.00 — for an optical character recognition scanner McGill University, Montreal, $7 017.50 — for two closed circuit televisions and a terminal to provide braille access to the online catalogue and other library databases Saskatchewan Estevan Public Library, $7 221.00 — to provide audio and large-print access to the online catalogues and CD-ROMs Regina Public Library, $4 315.00 — for two closed circuit televisions Weyburn Public Library, $6 121.00 — to provide audio and large-print access to the online catalogue ***** DID YOU KNOW... that the updated version of the National Library of Canada's LIST OF BOOKS AVAILABLE IN LARGE PRINT is now available? The list includes information about books published in large print with financial assistance from the National Library and information about how to order these books from publishers. A total of 39 books are listed, including titles such as PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU: REASON BEFORE PASSION, by Kevin J. Christiano, the award-winning THE STONE DIARIES by Carol Shields and LEAVEN OF MALICE by Robertson Davies. To obtain your free copy, contact: Marketing and Publishing National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (613) 995-7969 Fax: (613) 991-9871 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: publications@nlc-bnc.ca ***** The Governments of Canada and Alberta and a consortium of Canadian pulp and paper manufacturers have joined forces on a 2-1/2 year research project that will look at the impact of lignin on paper permanence. Lignin, an organic compound found in wood pulps, has for many years been restricted in U.S. and international stan- dards for permanent paper. While history has shown that many papers containing lignin could deteriorate rapidly, the same may not be true for alkaline paper made from modern high-yield pulps, a growing component of the world's pulp production. Additional research is needed to establish the effects of lignin on paper permanence. This research project seeks to provide a sound basis for the development of a Canadian permanent paper standard. Project sponsors from the federal government include Industry Canada, the Department of Canadian Heritage, the National Archives and the National Library. The Alberta Government (Economic Development and Tourism) is also a key contributor to the research funding. Industry participants include DuPont Canada, Fibreco Pulp, Louisiana Pacific, Millar Western Pulp, Quesnel River Pulp, Tembec Inc. and Slave Lake Pulp. Work on this extensive research project is being undertaken jointly by two teams of scientists: one at the Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada (PAPRICAN) in Montreal and the other at the Canadian Conservation Institute in Ottawa. The project is anticipated to end by November 1996. Information: Jan Michaels Project Coordinator National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Tel.: (613) 996-3945 Fax: (613) 996-7941 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: jan.michaels@nlc-bnc.ca (From a news release issued by the Department of Canadian Heritage. Information on the project will be published in NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS as it becomes available) ***** BY CARROL D. LUNAU, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS Union catalogues form the cornerstone of resource sharing among libraries in Can-ada. They provide information on materials in the collections of Canadian libraries, and these collections together form the basis for a national resource-sharing collection. Without this biblio-graphic, location and holdings information it would be impossible to meet equitably the information needs of Canadians. During the past 45 years the number of Canadian union catalogues and specialized lists has increased significantly. Three of the earliest catalogues, all of which still exist, were in Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan and the Canadian Biblio-graphic Centre in Ottawa. Over the years, card files and printed lists have been replaced by online databases, microforms and CD-ROMs, although cards and printed lists still exist. The CANADIAN INVENTORY OF RESOURCE SHARING lists a total of 56 union catalogues or lists, as shown: Amongst these are 17 general union catalogues, including both monographs and serials, as well as 16 union lists of serials. The most comprehensive serials union list is Romulus, a CD-ROM product of the National Library and the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (CISTI). Others contain the holdings of special groups such as law or medical libraries, or represent the holdings of a specific region. Four catalogues list materials in alternative formats for the print-handicapped, and two list audiovisual materials and newspapers. There are also individual union catalogues for artists, fire insurance plans, microform masters, translations, maps, training, multilingual collections, and archives collections. This number and diversity of catalogues has served Canadian libraries well in the past. A 1992 study indicated that over 80 percent of requests for loans and photocopies were filled within Canada. This high level of national self- sufficiency meets the guidelines of the Universal Availability of Publications Programme of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). Nonetheless, Canadian librarians continue to cite difficulties in identifying location information as an area where improvement is required. The need to streamline interlibrary loan (ILL) operations to meet steady client demand means that many librarians would rather search one large database, ideally with a requesting module included, than search many files to find a location. The two largest union catalogues are the AMICUS database of the National Library of Canada and the RefCatss database of ISM Library Information Services. AMICUS, as of January 1995, contained: 5 343 231 records with holdings; 15 775 493 holdings, or an average of 2.9 holdings per record; 824 902 records with five or more holdings; and 325 651 records with 10 or more hold-ings. This represents the holdings of more than 400 Canadian libraries, of whom 145 are currently reporting monographs and 278 are currently reporting serials. The ISM database contains approximately 60 000 000 records but it is not possible to estimate how many are unique records with holdings. There are currently 153 contributors to this database. Libraries and individual clients will continue to require access to information about which institutions hold which items. However, recent technological advances are opening up new opportunities for libraries to provide service to their clients. As well, electronic documents are becoming more prevalent. Electronic document registries and locator systems could be viewed as the next generation of the union catalogue: they are tools that identify and point to information, which is the ultimate purpose and function of a union catalogue. The union catalogue of the future will be multifaceted. It could contain online bibliographic databases, CD-ROM databases, major individual library catalogues, directories and electronic document locators. These various resources will have to be generally accessible via the Internet. Standards to provide a common search interface, such as Z39.50, must be implemented by library systems and the various union catalogue nodes. This transition from the current reliance on a few central files to a multifaceted distributed union catalogue will be a long- term process; however, the technology is becoming available now, and libraries must begin to discuss the many policy, procedural, technical and service issues that need to be resolved in this changing environment. The National Library has prepared a discussion document, A CANADIAN NATIONAL UNION CATALOGUE: ANALYSIS, QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION, which is available through the Library's gopher server. Comments and reactions should be sent to Carrol D. Lunau. ***** DID YOU KNOW... that the National Library, the Library of Parliament and the federal Department of Public Works and Government Services have a joint program to improve the accessibility of studies, polls and surveys commissioned by the federal government? The program was established in the summer of 1994, and since that time the Library has received documents on topics as various as privacy in government, foreign policy, the GST and combatting racism. All titles are given priority for cataloguing and processing. For more information, contact: John Stegenga, Chief, Canadiana Acquisitions Division, National Library of Canada, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4, Telephone: (819) 994-6870, Fax: (819) 953-8508, TTY: (613) 992-6969, Internet: legal.deposit@nlc-bnc.ca ***** Introduction UNESCO prepared its Public Library Manifesto in 1994, in cooperation with the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), to proclaim its “belief in the public library as a living force for education, culture and information, and as an essential agent for the fostering of peace and spiritual welfare through the minds of men and women”. Many of the tenets described in the manifesto may be axiomatic for people in western nations where access to information and freedom of expression are the norm. But for peoples who do not enjoy such liberty, its principles are a much-desired goal and the manifesto a guide on how to reach it. The manifesto affirms that public library services, which are usually free of charge, should be provided “on the basis of equality of access for all, regardless of age, race, sex, religion, nationality, language or social status....Collections and services should not be subject to any form of ideological, political or religious censorship, nor commercial pressures”. According to the manifesto, some of the principal goals of public libraries are: creating and strengthening reading habits in children supporting education stimulating the imagination and creativity of the young promoting awareness of cultural heri-tage ensuring access to information. The manifesto speaks of the importance of nationwide library coordination and cooperation. Public library policies must be well defined, and services must be adapted to the needs of specific communities and accessible to all members of all communities. Following the text of the UNESCO Public Library Manifesto 1994 is a comment from a member of the Canadian library community. In the next issue of NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, we will publish other representative comments. TEXT OF THE MANIFESTO Freedom, prosperity and the development of society and of individuals are fundamental human values. They will only be attained through the ability of well-informed citizens to exercise their democratic rights and to play an active role in society. Constructive participation and the development of democracy depend on satisfactory education as well as on free and unlimited access to knowledge, thought, culture and information. The public library, the local gateway to knowledge, provides a basic condition for lifelong learning, independent decision-making and cultural development of the individual and social groups. This Manifesto proclaims UNESCO's belief in the public library as a living force for education, culture and information, and as an essential agent for the fostering of peace and spiritual welfare through the minds of men and women. UNESCO therefore encourages national and local governments to support and actively engage in the development of public libraries. The Public Library The public library is the local centre of information, making all kinds of knowledge and information readily available to its users. The serivces of the public library are provided on the basis of equality of access for all, regardless of age, race, sex, religion, nationality, language or social status. Specific services and materials must be provided for those users who cannot, for whatever reason, use the regular services and materials, for example linguistic minorities, people with dis-abilities or people in hospital or prison. All age groups must find material relevant to their needs. Collections and services have to include all types of appropriate media and modern technol-ogies as well as traditional materials. High quality and relevance to local needs and conditions are fundamental. Material must reflect current trends and the evolution of society, as well as the memory of human endeavour and imagination. Collections and services should not be subject to any form of ideological, political or religious censorship, nor commercial pressures. Missions of the Public Library The following key missions which relate to information, literacy, education and culture should be at the core of public library services: 1. creating and strengthening reading habits in children from an early age; 2. supporting both individual and self conducted education as well as formal education at all levels; 3. providing opportunities for personal creative development; 4. stimulating the imagination and creativity of children and young people; 5. promoting awareness of cultural heri-tage, appreciation of the arts, scientific achievements and innovations; 6. providing access to cultural expressions of all performing arts; 7. fostering inter-cultural dialogue and favouring cultural diversity; 8. supporting the oral tradition; 9. ensuring access for citizens to all sorts of community information; 10. providing adequate information services to local enterprises, associations and interest groups; 11. facilitating the development of information and computer literacy skills; 12. supporting and participating in liter-acy activities and programmes for all age groups, and initiating such activities if necessary. Funding, Legislation and Networks The public library shall in principle be free of charge. The public library is the responsibility of local and national authorities. It must be supported by specific legislation and financed by national and local governments. It has to be an essential component of any long-term strategy for culture, information provision, liter-acy and education. To ensure nationwide library coordination and cooperation, legislation and strategic plans must also define and promote a national library network based on agreed standards of service. The public library network must be designed in relation to national, regional, research and special libraries as well as libraries in schools, colleges and universities. Operation and Management A clear policy must be formulated, defining objectives, priorities and services in relation to the local community needs. The public library has to be organized effectively and professional standards of operation must be mantained. Cooperation with relevant partners — for example, user groups and other professionals at local, regional, national as well international levels — has to be ensured. Services have to be physically accessible to all members of the community. This requires well situated library buildings, good reading and study facilities, as well as relevant technologies and sufficient opening hours convenient to the users. It equally implies outreach services for those unable to visit the library. The library services must be adapted to the different needs of communities in rural and urban areas. The librarian is an active intermediary between users and resources. Professional and continuing education of the librarian is indispensable to ensure adequate services. Outreach and user education programmes have to be provided to help users benefit from all the resources. Implementing the Manifesto Decision makers at national and local levels and the library community at large, around the world, are hereby urged to implement the principles expressed in this Manifesto. The Manifesto is prepared in cooperation with the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), November 1994. ***** Comment on the UNESCO Public Library Manifesto The UNESCO Public Library Manifesto has the potential to serve as a useful lobbying document for all public libraries as there is no public library that lives up to the standards it sets. Unfortunately, a significant majority of the world's public libraries are so removed from the Manifesto's standards that there may be a tendency to discount its relevance. This would be unfortunate as it does a good job in conveying the essential principles of the public library movement. However, the Manifesto has a tendency to describe desirables as essentials and this weakens the document. (For example, Canadian public libraries will be interested to hear that national governments MUST financially support public libraries.) All in all, the Manifesto does a good job of establishing the context for the public library and identifying the components of the ideal public library. —Paul Whitney, Burnaby Public Library, British Columbia ***** BY IRIS WINSTON, STAFF WRITER Recent changes to the legal deposit provisions in the National Library Act help to make more publications accessible to present and future generations. On April 25, the act to amend the National Library Act was given royal assent and the regulations affecting legal deposit provisions were registered. Until that time, Canadian publishers were required to submit two copies of their publications to the National Library if they sold for less than $50, but only one copy if they sold for more than $50. That $50 ceiling has been eliminated and legal deposit is now based on the number of copies published. The two-copy rule applies only when more than 100 copies are produced. Publishers are no longer required to deposit publications that are essentially artistic productions, each copy of which is individually handcrafted. The revised regulations also provide for the deposit of just one copy of a publication if the total number of copies produced is smaller than 101. If fewer than four copies are produced there is no requirement to deposit. Legal deposit covers print publications, sound and video recordings, CD-ROMs, microforms and electronic publications and applies to individuals, associations, federal government departments and agencies as well as commercial publishers. The National Library of Canada collects everything that is published in Canada, based on the philosophy that any part of this nation's cultural heritage worth publishing is worth preserving. Legal deposit is not new. This method of building and perpetuating a country's library collections has been around for 458 years. Legal deposit was established in 1537 with the Ordonnance de Montpellier enacted by King Francis I of France to ensure the collection and preservation of documents published in France. The principle of legal deposit has been accepted and practised internationally as a vital part of building a comprehensive collection of a nation's published works. It has been in effect in Canada since the National Library was created in 1953. The amendments to legal deposit pro- visions will have a major effect on National Library collections because the Library will automatically receive two copies of more titles. Legal deposit applies to works published by Canadian publishers, although not to Canadiana (works by Canadians or of special interest to Canadians) published abroad. Over the years, increasing publishing costs and, therefore, the sale price of publications, meant that more and more exceeded the $50 ceiling for the two-copy requirement. This fact, coupled with shrinking budgets, had a significant impact on the Library's acquisitions and, correspondingly, on the future availability of the nation's published heritage. From the publishers' point of view, the change in the regulations ensures that their publications will be included in both the general and the preservation collections of the National Library and that they will be available for present and future generations of Canadians. For further information on legal deposit or for a free copy of the amendments, contact: Legal Deposit Office National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (819) 997-9565 Fax: (819) 953-8508 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: legal.deposit@nlc-bnc.ca ***** BY IRIS WINSTON, STAFF WRITER Pat Oddy speaks with enthusiasm about a cooperative future in cataloguing at the British Library. However, as Head of Cataloguing there, she is well aware that she must encourage a change of viewpoint in an institution where separate sections have their own histories, identities, styles and cataloguing systems. On March 23, Oddy visited the National Library of Canada and spoke about the current situation and future directions in cataloguing at the British Library. She explained the lack of uniformity in cataloguing systems in terms of “separate catalogues mirroring separate identities and perceived user needs”. “You can't be sure that you will find everything in one search because specific data in specific forms are found in various sections,” she says. “Some catalogues are machine- readable. Some are in card form. Some are still in manuscript form.” The variations spring, in part, from the different histories of different sections, she explained. For instance, the records in the British Museum Catalogue of Printed Books for the four million printed books from the beginning of printing to 1975, which is in MARC format, differ from the records for more recent books in other catalogues, which use current cataloguing rules. Other areas use PRECIS data in their catalogues —“a system admired by many and used by none”— or COMPASS data — “son of PRECIS”. One section of the British Library traces its origins to the British National Bibliography. Dating from 1950, it became part of the British Library in 1974. In 1989, it was decided to create a centralized processing unit to handle the cataloguing of all publications in the library's collections. This, together with the British Library Name Authority List, set up in 1981, was a major step towards a single unified catalogue, says Oddy. “But,” she says, “while an authority file seeking harmonization of the whole collection is a good idea in theory, there are great difficulties in implementing it. Some parts of the library refused to accept changes to headings in their catalogues. Some refused to check against the name authority list, so that the corruption of the headings in catalogues became a problem. However, in theory, the British Library now has a name authority list relating directly to its collections.” She has hopes that the autonomous and individualistic traditions, both within the British Library and in the nation's academic libraries (“who can't live with us and can't live without us”) will become more amenable to conformity with the growth in copy cataloguing. “Eventually, there will be an acceptance of the need to have uniformity in cata- loguing style,” she says. “But first there must be acceptance of cataloguing as much more of a science and less of an art. We'll change the system gradually by changing minds. The whole approach has to be gradual. One step at a time, we will build a cooperative cataloguing system by convincing the cataloguers that we are not going to reinvent the wheel. We are going to build on what we have. It simply requires leadership.” And Pat Oddy leaves no doubt that this is exactly what she is providing as she guides the British Library into a more cooperative future in cataloguing — one, she indicates, that she hopes will demonstrate as great a level of uniformity and cooperation as can be found in the Canadian system. ***** Alina Schweitzer, Editor of CANADIAN SUBJECT HEADINGS, ended 30 years of employment at the National Library of Canada on May 19. Awarded a Canada 125 medal in recognition of 25 years of groundbreaking work in subject analysis, she has dedicated her professional life to excellence in her area of specialty. “Alina has always had a great sense of mission and a deep desire to communicate her tremendous knowledge of subject analysis,” says Acting Director of Bibliographic Services David Balatti. “This is a person who has been driven by her love of the undertaking through-out her professional life. Her contribution has been immense.” Some of her philosophy and objectives were described in “Canadian Subject Headings: Making Information Re- trieval Most Effective” in the December 1994 issue of the NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS (vol. 26, no. 12). In addition to her work in the subject analysis area, she was also a pioneer for permanent part-time employment in the Public Service, a cause she undertook so that she could balance her professional and family commitments to her satisfaction. ***** BY IRIS WINSTON, STAFF WRITER Maria Calderisi, the Head of the Printed Music Collection of the National Library of Canada since 1976, retired on March 29. The large number of well-wishers from both inside and outside the Library who attended her farewell gathering or sent greetings, testifies to her impact on music librarianship. The fact that she was back in her office the next day speaks of her commitment to her work. “I just had some things I wanted to finish,” she says. “But I am ready to retire. I've had a long and rewarding career and now I am looking forward to playing the cello again, to singing, travelling, reading and settling into a new house.” As she looks back, she sees some irony in the developments in the field of music librarianship. “When I came to the National Library in 1973, there wasn't much competition for my job because there were very few musically trained li- brarians in Canada,” says Calderisi, who holds degrees in musicology and li- brarianship. “Now it is a more common specialization and more people like me are coming out of the academic world of music into librarianship. But, just as there are many more librarians with music specialties available, institutions are cutting back on hiring [because of budgetary restraints].” The trend, she says, seems to be for institutions to hire one librarian and a number of support staff, a pattern made workable because of recent advances in technology. “Technology has increased the interrelationships between institutions,” she says. This is particularly valuable at a time when information is expanding at a great rate. “But,” she says “because there is more and more dependence on databases, instant information and technology, there is much less concern for accumulated knowledge. In my experience, music librarianship is moving away from the scholarly towards the technical and the scholar/librarian is becoming a thing of the past. When information is more valued than knowledge — and information is not the same thing as knowledge — music librarianship is not as personal or as inspiring. Part of the fun of the job was sharing a love of music and hands-on knowledge of the collection. But I suppose I'm a bit of a dinosaur.” She regrets that, at a time when many more materials and formats are available, financial and human resources are shrinking, nationally and internationally. “Twenty-five years ago, the object was to acquire it now and catalogue it when we could,” says Calderisi. “That's not the case any more. While more is possible because access is easier through electronic means, we are having to cut back on acquisitions. Because we have to be much more selective, collections are not going to be as comprehensive.” The problems associated with the handling and storage of the increasing number of formats are also bound to affect the comprehensiveness of collections, she points out. “This is not as true of the National Library as of other institutions,” says Calderisi, a past president of both the Canadian Association of Music Libraries (CAML) and the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres (IAML), “but it is a general concern for the future of major music libraries, such as those of universities granting higher degrees in music and large public libraries like the Metro Toronto Library.” Her global view of music librarianship is enhanced by her long-time involvement with music associations in Canada and abroad. “The personal contacts I have made have enriched my work and my life,” she says. “In Canada, we [music librarians] are a very small group. It's in our interest as Canadians to belong to international organizations because we can benefit from the broader experience of our neighbours in the U.S. and learn from the cultural differences and approaches when we move out internationally. We become aware of political, financial and technological problems faced by many of our counterparts in other countries and are reminded of the vital importance of the individual. Publications in far-away countries are also grist for the research mill. They teach us that we have to go beyond Bach, Beethoven and Brahms in our studies.” For many Canadian music researchers, however, the National Library of Canada remains the most important source of material. “The National Library of Can-ada has the most comprehensive collection of Canadian music and information on musical life in Canada,” says Calderisi. “We have gone far beyond the mandate of most music libraries in terms of our collections. For example, we actively collect concert programs, clippings, brochures, photographs, and other information about musicians and organizations in Canada, as well as the usual books, periodicals, scores, manuscripts and recordings. There are many more types of material in this music library than in other national libraries, possibly because Canada is small [in terms of population]. This was Dr. Kallmann's vision, and, so far, we have been able to carry on with his plan.” Appointed in 1970, Dr. Helmut Kallmann was the first Chief of the National Library's Music Division, and retired in 1987. Canadian music was the first designated area of special emphasis at the National Library and became the model for the Library's other special collections such as Canadian literature. The Music Division celebrated its twentieth-fifth anniversary on April 20. Calderisi foresees some changes in direction as technology and electronic publishing dominate the future. “But,” she says, “you can't perform from a computer screen. You can't manipulate a keyboard and play the cello at the same time. Music will always have to be printed and recorded. Even if we see more printing on demand, music doesn't enter the librarian's domain until it exists in some concrete form. Then it will still be catalogued, cared for and lent. And people, not computers, will always be at the heart of music librarianship, because, in the end, it's people who make the job; it is their love of the material, their connection and their passion that count.” That passion and love of her subject have been demonstrated throughout Maria Calderisi's career. Among the special moments, she cites the 1981 publication of her MUSIC PUBLISHING IN THE CANADAS 1800-1871. “I am very grateful that the National Library gave me a study leave to pursue my master's degree and then published my thesis afterwards,” she says. “It was a great thrill for me. So was helping Dr. Kallmann make the music library as comprehensive as it is. We wanted the researcher to be able to come in and not have to go elsewhere. I think we managed that.” Other highlights were a survey of music collections across the country, and her membership in national and international organizations. But the “SUMMA and TERMINUS” was her work with the Percy Scholes collection, beginning with the preparation of a centenary exhibition in 1977, and concluding with the preparation of a comprehensive inventory. The National Library purchased the collection of the Yorkshire-born Percy Scholes, best known as the author of the OXFORD COMPANION TO MUSIC, in 1957. It became the nucleus of the National Library of Canada's music collection. “What is so very special about that collection is his information files of correspondence and clippings. It goes so far beyond the basics,” she says. “Putting it in good order over the past three years has been my final work here.” And dedicated as she is, she did not want to leave until that work was completed to her satisfaction. A clear demonstration of the passion of the scholar/librarian. ***** Prepared by the National Library of Canada, INTERLIBRARY LOAN POLICIES IN CANADA contains information on ILL policies and services for all Canadian libraries currently listed in PEB/ILL, the National Library's automated interlibrary loan system. Information is updated annually. INTERLIBRARY LOAN POLICIES IN CANADA is available in the following formats: 1. In WordPerfect 5.1 (DOS version) This version is included in SYMBOLS AND INTERLIBRARY LOAN POLICIES IN CANADA, sold by Canada Communication Group. POLICIES AND INTERLIBRARY LOAN IN CANADA is published on two separate diskettes inserted in a pocket (one diskette for the French version and one diskette for the English version). CCG Catalogue Number Price SN13-2/2-1995 $49.95 2. In printed format Section CCG Catalogue Number Price All provinces SN13-2/2-1995-1E $195.95 Alberta SN13-2/2-1995-13E $ 25.95 British Colombia SN13-2/2-1995-10E $ 17.95 Manitoba SN13-2/2-1995-12E $ 10.95 New Brunswick SN13-2/2-1995-3E $ 6.95 Newfoundland SN13-2/2-1995-2E $ 7.95 Northwest Territories SN13-2/2-1995-5E $ 4.95 Nova Scotia SN13-2/2-1995-4E $ 9.95 Ontario SN13-2/2-1995-6E $ 79.95 Prince Edward Island SN13-2/2-1995-7E $ 3.95 Quebec SN13-2/2-1995-8E $ 43.95 Saskatchewan SN13-2/2-1995-11E $ 8.95 Yukon Territory SN13-2/2-1995-9E $ 3.95 To order, please contact: Canada Communication Group - Publishing Ottawa ON K1A 0S9 Telephone: (819) 956-4802 Fax: (819) 994-1498 3. In WordPerfect 5.1 / 5.2 (WINDOWS version) This version is available in a compressed file on one diskette (price : $19.95). Copies available at : Marketing and Publishing National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa ON KlA 0N4 Telephone: (613) 995-7969 Fax: (613) 991-9871 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet : publications@nlc-bnc.ca ***** BY ELIZABETH BUTLER AND DALE SIMMONS, MARKETING AND PUBLISHING Over 350 earth visitors were beamed aboard the National Library's latest exhibition, “Out of This World: Canadian Science Fiction and Fantasy”, on May 12, 1995. The exhibition, developed in conjunction with the Toronto Public Library's Merril Collection of Science Fiction, Speculation and Fantasy, is a journey into our imaginative heritage that defines Canadian science fiction and fantasy and places it in a historical and international context. Planning for the collaborative project began in the deep past of 1991. After four years of time, travel and research into Canada's considerable body of science fiction and fantasy literature by exhibition researchers Hugh Spencer and Allan Weiss, a master plan was created and delivered. Preparations completed, all that remained was to give the exhibition a stellar launch. Embarking on this journey into another dimension, voyagers present on May 12 had the opportunity to encounter some of Canada's best science fiction and fantasy authors, including Judith Merril, Candas Jane Dorsey, Élisabeth Vonarburg, Jean-Louis Trudel and Daniel Sernine. Danielle Grenier, host of “CBOF Bonjour”, and John Lacharity, host of “CBO Morning”, co- piloted the evening's events, which included opening remarks by National Librarian Marianne Scott and Lorna Toolis, Collection Head, Merril Collection, Toronto Public Library. Copies of OUT OF THIS WORLD, an anthology of essays specially commissioned for the exhibition, were presented by Bob Hilderley of Quarry Press, which co-published the work, to the National Librarian. The Aurora and Boréal Awards were given to the Library by James Botte, President of Can- Con `95 and Jean-Louis Trudel, Coordinator Boréal 12 and President, SF Canada, to become part of the exhibition display. Closing remarks by Mrs. Albani Guarnieri, Member of Parliament and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Canadian Heritage, and Élisabeth Vonarburg, contributing author to the anthology, completed the first phase of the evening's mission. From the auditorium, the delegation proceeded to the “Transporter Room” where visitors eagerly awaited their turn to be propelled into the sphere of Canadian science fiction and fantasy. Once on the other side, visitors wound their way through a time tunnel filled with interactive exhibits, quizzes, a video station, comic creation centre and costumes from science fiction and fantasy films. This tunnel provided the link to the main exhibition room where those assembled were able to experience close encounters with books, comics, television and radio broadcasts, theatre props, costumes, original art for film animation, film posters and alien objects. Their imaginations fired up, the travellers took home memories of this fantastic exhibition by stopping at the counter run by the Friends of the National Library, where products associated with the exhibition were available for sale. T-shirts, baseball caps, POGs, yo-yos and a poster featuring a stereogram, were eagerly snapped up in the crush, as attendees tried to see the image and message embedded in the poster. Exhibition souvenir items will continue to be sold throughout the year. Also on sale was the anthology of essays, OUT OF THIS WORLD. This publication offers 26 essays on Canadian science fiction and fantasy with drawings by Heather Spears and is available through-out Canada at your local bookstore. A free booklet and annotated reading list accompanies the exhibition and can be picked up during a visit or ordered from: Marketing and Publishing 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (613) 995-7969 Fax: (613) 991-9871 TTY: (613) 992-6969 Internet: publications@nlc-bnc.ca Other exhibition items can be purchased from the Friends of the National Library, either at the sales counter in the lobby or by contacting: Friends of the National Library of Canada 395 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N4 Telephone: (613) 992-8304 Fax: (613) 943-2343 TTY: (613) 992-6969 ***** BY ELIZABETH BUTLER, MARKETING AND PUBLISHING WHY I WANT TO BE A PRINCESS, MY TWO PETS, COYOTES and THE MAGIC TREE. These were just some of the titles of the stories I heard on Young Authors' Day at Carson Grove School in Ottawa on May 11, 1995. Every year, Eleanor Pau, the librar-ian at Carson Grove School in Ottawa, organizes Young Authors' Day with the help of teachers and students at the school. Young Authors' Day gives all students at Carson Grove a chance to read the stories they have written and illustrated to invited guests from the community, including police officers, political leaders, former teachers and principals, and others. I am always delighted to represent the National Library on these occasions: the Library encourages young readers to find out about the joy of reading and promotes literacy through programs such as Read Up On It, and events such as Young Authors' Day reinforce the importance of our work. This was my third year as a guest reader, and as in other years, I realized that this is a very special day for the students at Carson Grove School. When I arrived with Mary Collis, Children's Literature Librarian at the National Library, we were escorted into the school, given a tour of the classrooms and asked to join in an assembly. After singing “O Canada” and a number of other songs and listening to welcoming remarks from the Vice-Principal, the Principal and Ms. Pau, the guest readers were asked to go to their reading stations and begin “The Big Read”. The students' excitement and their pride in the books they have created are wonderful. They are so enthusiastic about reading their stories and hearing the stories that the guest readers have chosen to read to them. Not only are the students learning to read and write, but they are called upon to use their creativity and imagination and to interact with adults in the community. The results are magic! Their eagerness inspired me when it was my turn to read. I had chosen MY DOG IS AN ELEPHANT by Rémy Simard, with illustrations by Pierre Pratt (I read the English adaptation by David Homel). The students enjoyed listening as much as they had enjoyed reading. Young Authors' Day is a wonderful way to convince students of the importance of reading and writing and get them involved in creative activity. It is also a great opportunity for Mary and me, as guest readers, to tell the students about the National Library and to introduce them to some of the picture books from the Library's chil-dren's literature collection. Mary and I look forward to attending next year to meet new students and hear more interesting stories. ***** SECTION I: ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS/ PROJETS DE RECHERCHE EN COURS Information resource management : perceptions and practices in large Canadian organizations. Bergeron, Pierrette. École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l'information, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale A, Montréal, PQ H3C 3J7. 1994-1995. Women workers in the Toronto printing trade: 1880-1900. Bissell, Mary E. Faculty of Information Studies, University of Toronto, 140 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 1A1. 1986- 1995. Electronic publications pilot project = Projet pilote sur les publications électroniques. Brodie, Nancy. National Library of Canada/ Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 395 Wellington, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4. 1995. From CLANN to UNILINC: library consortia from a soft systems perspective. Brown-Syed, Christopher. University of Toronto, Faculty of Information Studies, 140 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 or Wayne State University, 106 Kresge Library, Detroit MI 48202 U.S. 1992-1995. Canadian inventory of resource sharing projects = Répertoire canadien des projets de mise en commun des ressources. Lunau, Carrol; Yu, Holly. National Library of Canada/Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 395 Wellington, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4. 1994-1995. Feasibility study for establishing a national centre for the book in Canada. MacDonald, Bertrum. School of Library and Information Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H8. Canadian Heritage/ Patrimoine canadien ($9 000). 1994- 1995. Study of the impact of computer-based communications technologies upon the library profession. Raymond, Boris; Apostle, Richard. School of Library and Information Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H8. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada/Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada ($18 000). 1987-1995. Raymond, Boris. — THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE UPON THE WORK AND SKILL PATTERNS OF THE LIBRARY PROFESSION IN CANADA. — Paper presented at the Library History Interest Group session, June 17, 1994 at the CLA annual conference. The construction of a measuring instrument to evaluate the structural quality of faceted thesauri. Spiteri, Louise F. Faculty of Information Studies, University of Toronto, 140 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 1A1. 1994-1995. SECTION II: COMPLETED RESEARCH PROJECTS/ PROJETS DE RECHERCHE TERMINÉS Evaluation of the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP) : study on educational publishing. ARA Consulting Group; Fox Jones and Associates. ?-1992. EVALUATION OF THE BOOK PUBLISHING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (BPIDP) : STUDY ON EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING. — Prepared by ARA Consulting Group in association with Fox Jones and Associates for the Department of Communications. — [Ottawa] : Dept. of Communications, Program Evaluation Division, 1992. — 1 v. (various pagings). — (Z481 E94 1992 fol. LDC) Feasibility options study of the London Public Library's central library facility. Beckman Associates Library Consultants Inc.; Moffat Kinoshita Associates Inc. London Public Library, 305 Queens Ave., London, ON N6B 3L7. London Public Library Board. 1992-1993. A LIBRARY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY : LONDON PUBLIC LIBRARY ORGANIZATIONAL REVIEW & CENTRAL LIBRARY FACILITIES OPTION STUDY : SUMMARY REPORT. — Report prepared by Beckman Associates Library Consultants and Moffat Kinoshita Associates. — [London, Ont. : s.n.], 1993. — 33 leaves. — (Z736 L62 L53 1993 fol. LDC) Review of the organizational and administrative structure of the London Public Library system. Beckman Associates Library Consultants Inc. London Public Library, 305 Queens Ave., London, ON N6B 3L7. London Public Library Board. 1992-1993. A LIBRARY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY : LONDON PUBLIC LIBRARY ORGANIZATIONAL REVIEW & CENTRAL LIBRARY FACILITIES OPTION STUDY : SUMMARY REPORT. — Report prepared by Beckman Associates Library Consultants and Moffat Kinoshita Associates. — [London, Ont. : s.n.], 1993. — 33 leaves. — (Z736 L62 L53 1993 fol. LDC) Survey on demand for information managers. Bent, Dale H.; McLachlan, Jim S. Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1H1. 1993-1994. Bent, Dale H.; McLachlan, Jim S. — “Demand for information managers : a Canadian survey”. — EDUCATION FOR INFORMATION. — Vol. 12, no. 4 (Dec. 1994). — P. 451-462. Enquête sur les services aux enfants dans les bibliothèques publiques du Québec. Blanchet, Jacynthe; Lemieux, Patricia. École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l'information, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale A, Montréal, PQ H3C 3J7. 1993-1994. Blanchet, Jacynthe. — “Enquête sur les services aux enfants dans les bibliothèques publiques du Québec : section heure du conte”. — DéFI. — Vol. 9, no 3 (déc. 1994). — P. 18, 20- 22, 24-34. Lemieux, Patricia. — “Enquête sur les services aux enfants dans les bibliothèques publiques du Québec : les résultats”. — DéFI. — Vol. 9, no 3 (déc. 1994). — P. 35-40. Public library movement in Ontario, 1850-1930. Bruce, Lorne. University of Guelph Library, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1. Canada Council/Conseil des arts du Canada; Canadian Heritage. Book Publishing Industry Development Program/Patrimoine canadien. Programme d'aide au développement de l'industrie de l'édition ; Ontario Arts Council/Conseil des arts de l'Ontario. ?-1994. Bruce, Lorne. — FREE BOOKS FOR ALL : THE PUBLIC LIBRARY MOVEMENT IN ONTARIO, 1850-1930. — Toronto; Oxford : Dundurn Press, 1994. — 347 p. —(Z735 O5 B78 1994) Bruce, Lorne. — THE RECEPTION OF ANDREW CARNEGIE AND HIS LIBRARIES IN ONTARIO. — Paper presented at the annual conference of the Library History Interest Group of the Canadian Library Association in Hamilton, Ont., June 1993. Lecture chez les jeunes du secondaire. Dalois, Maurice; Legault, Guy; Sarrasin, Hélène. Direction de la recherche, Ministère de l'Éducation, 1035, rue de la Chevrotière, Québec, PQ G1R 5A5. ?-1994. Sarrasin, Hélène. — LA LECTURE CHEZ LES JEUNES DU SECONDAIRE : DES POLICIERS AUX CLASSIQUES. — [Québec] : Direction de la recherche, 1994. — 59, 10, 13 p. — (COP.QU.2.1994-917) History of the Fredericton Public Library. Fredericton Public Library, 12 Carleton St., Fredericton, NB E3B 5P4. 1994. A HISTORY OF THE FREDERICTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. — Fredericton : Fredericton Public Library, 1994. — 96 p. — (Z736 F74 H5 1994) Working and learning conditions 1994 survey in school libraries in British Columbia. Heide, Roslyn. 201 - 225 Sixth St., New Westminster, BC V3L 3A5. British Columbia Teacher-Librarians' Association. ?-1994. Heide, Roslyn. — “Working and learning conditions survey : September 1994 survey results”. — THE BOOKMARK. — Vol. 36, no. 2 (Dec. 1994). — P. 69-77. Online ready reference in Canadian academic libraries : an evaluation. Horner, Jan; Michaud-Oystryk, Nicole. Reference Services, University of Manitoba Libraries, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada/Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada. $3 696. 1990-1991. THE EFFICIENCY AND SUCCESS RATES OF MANUAL READY REFERENCE VS. ONLINE READY REFERENCE SEARCHES IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES ACROSS CANADA. — 1991. — 5 p. Horner, Jan; Michaud-Oystryk, Nicole. — “The efficiency and success rates of print ready reference vs. online ready reference searches in Canadian university libraries”. — JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP. — Vol. 21, no. 2 (Mar. 1995). — P. 97-102. Censorship in Manitoba's public school libraries. Jenkinson, Dave. Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2. 1993-1994. Jenkinson, Dave. — “The changing faces of censorship in Manitoba's public school libraries”. — EMERGENCY LIBRARIAN. — Vol. 22, no. 2 (Nov.-Dec.1994). — P. 15-21. La lecture de revues et de livres au Québec. Lemieux, Jacques; Martin, Claude. Direction de la recherche, de l'évaluation et des statistiques, Ministère de la Culture et des Communications, 225, Grande Allée est, Québec, PQ G1R 5G5. 1989-1990. Lemieux, Jacques; Martin, Claude. — “La lecture de revues et de livres au Québec”. — CHIFFRES à L'APPUI. — Vol. 7, no 4 (mars 1993). — P. 1-18. Pronovost, Gilles. — LES COMPORTEMENTS DES QUéBéCOIS EN MATIèRE D'ACTIVITéS CULTURELLES DE LOISIR : 1989. — Québec : Les Publications du Québec, 1990. — 94 p. — (COP.QU.2.1990- 752) Survey of automated systems in Canada's school libraries. Lighthall, Lynne. School of Library, Archival and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, 195 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1. 1993-1994. Lighthall, Lynne. — “Automated systems in Canada's school libraries - the fifth annual survey”. — FELICITER. — Vol. 40, no. 11/12 (Nov./Dec. 1994).— P. 26-42. Lighthall, Lynne. — “The fifth annual survey of automated systems in Canada's school libraries : a summary of the results”. — SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN CANADA. — Vol. 14, no. 4 (Fall 1994). — P. 4-9. Lighthall, Lynne. — “Library automation survey”. — THE BOOKMARK. — Vol. 36, no. 2 (Dec. 1994). — P. 113-125. Understanding of how junior high students experience the library research process. Loerke, Karen. S. Bruce Smith Junior High School, Edmonton Public School District, 5545- 184 St., Edmonton, AB T6M 2L9. 1991-1992. Loerke, Karen. — “Teaching the library research process in junior high”. — SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN CANADA. — Vol. 14, no. 2 (Spring 1994). — P. 23-26. Loerke, Karen. — AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS EXPERIENCE THE LIBRARY RESEARCH PROCESS [microform]. — Ottawa : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992. — 2 microfiches. — (Canadian theses = Thèses canadiennes) (Mic.F. TH-73206) — M.Ed. thesis, University of Alberta, 1992. Study of electronic media in public library collections for children. McWilliam, Anne. School of Library, Archival and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3. 1994. McWilliam, Anne. — A STUDY OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN PUBLIC LIBRARY COLLECTIONS FOR CHILDREN. — 1994. — 60 p. — Individual research project, library science 592B, School of Library, Archival and Information Studies, University of British Columbia. Measurement and use of user characteristics in information retrieval experimentation = La mesure et l'utilisation des caractéristiques des utilisateurs dans les expériences de retrait de l'information. Meadow, Charles T.; Marchionini, Gary; Cherry, Joan M. Faculty of Information Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1. Apple Canada; Council on Library Resources; University of Toronto. Research Board. Social Sciences Committee. ?-1994. Meadow, Charles T.; Marchionini, Gary; Cherry, Joan M. — “Speculations on the measurement and use of user characteristics in information retrieval experimentation = Spéculations sur la mesure et l'utilisation des caractéristiques des utilisateurs dans les expériences de retrait de l'information”. — CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SCIENCE = REVUE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE BIBLIOTHéCONOMIE. — Vol. 19, no. 4 (Dec./déc. 1994). — P. 1-22. London Public Library community needs assessment study. Monaghan, Marshall Macklin. London Public Library, 305 Queens Ave., London, ON N6B 3L7. London Public Library Board. 1994. Monaghan, Marshall Macklin. — LONDON PUBLIC LIBRARY : COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT STUDY : FINAL REPORT. — [London, Ont.: s.n.], 1994. — 1 v. (various pagings) — (Z736 L62 M66 1994 fol. LDC) French public libraries study, phase II = Étude sur les services en français des bibliothèques publiques, phase II. Nadeau, Beaulieu & Associées; Prévost, Colette; Eshelman, Larry. Colette Prévost, Cosby, Mason & Martland Public Library, P.O. Box 130, Noelville, ON P0M 2N0. Ontario. Ministry of Culture and Communications/Ontario. Ministère de la Culture et des Communications. 1992-1993. Nadeau, Beaulieu & Associées. — CAHIER PUBLICITAIRE ET MéDIATIQUE : CAMPAGNE PROMOTIONNELLE. — Ottawa : Nadeau, Beaulieu, 1993. — 1 v. (pagination multiple) Nadeau, Beaulieu & Associées. — PROJET PILOTE : PHASE II DANS LE CADRE DE L'éTUDE DES SERVICES EN FRANçAIS DES BIBLIOTHèQUES DE L'ONTARIO. — Ottawa : Nadeau, Beaulieu, 1993. — 3 v. + 2 annexes. — (Z735 O5 N3 1993a fol.LDC) Nadeau, Beaulieu & Associées. — RAPPORT D'éVALUATION QUALITATIVE “KAPUSKASING, WELLAND ET ORLéANS”. — Ottawa : Nadeau, Beaulieu, 1993. — 71 f. — (Z735 O5 N3 1993 fol. LDC) Reading habits of French immersion children. Romney, J. Claude; Romney, David M.; Menzies, Helen M. Faculty of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4. 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