A, B, and C - please click on the pictures to see how the spruce bark canoe was made.

D - Material used in the construction of a traditional spruce bark canoe:

	1 sheet of white spruce bark
	4 black spruce poles (for the gunwales)
	30 diamond willow sticks (for the ribs)
	20 wooden stakes (used to support the bark during construction and to form the thwarts)
	2 wooden spreaders (to spread the gunwales)
	spruce root (to sew the bow and stern)
	spruce gum (to seal the bow and stern)
	babiche (to sew the gunwales)

E - Spruce bark canoes were traditionally made and used by the Dogrib, Mountain and Slavey peoples of the Northwest Territories. Spruce was used in the construction of the canoes where birch bark was unavailable or when a temporary craft was required. The small, one or two-man, spruce bark canoe was not as sturdy as the birch bark one but was more quickly built.

Spruce bark canoes were built in the spring when the sap was rising and the bark of the white spruce peeled easily from the tree. They were used for hunting on the lakes and for transporting hunters to remote camps.

F - This spruce bark canoe was used by Mr. George Bertrand to come down the Petitot and Liard Rivers in 1964. Nails and string along with traditional babiche have been used to secure the ribs and gunwales.

G - Tools used in the construction:

	saw (used to fell the tree)
	axe
	crooked knife
	awl

H - Homemade net with net needles and measure net made by mother of Phillippe Mandeville.