Cattail (Typha latifola)—The cattail plant grows in slow-moving or still water. The grass-like leaves are long, flat and slender. The flower of the cattail is a tall stalk with a velvety brown “sausage” at the top. This “sausage” can be broken up for pillows and insulation. The young stalk is peeled and eaten fresh or boiled in soups and stews. The roots are edible. The long blade-like leaves can be woven into mats.
	Common Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)—The common horsetail is one of the most widespread plants in the world and is often found growing in areas that have been disturbed. The Ktunaxa use the common horsetail as a scrubber and as a polisher.
	Scouring Rush Horsetail (Indian Sandpaper) (Equisetum hyemale)—The scouring rush horsetail is used as a sandpaper substitute in craft work and for sharpening bone tools, as well as for smoothing and finishing bows and arrows. The hollow and leafless green stems of this plant are 1/2 to 1 metre tall. They are jointed and ribbed and feel very rough. The horsetail bears no true flowers. It reproduces by spores located in cones at the tip of separate, whitish reproductive shoots.
	Pine Grass (Calamagrostis rubescens)—This course grass is used fresh to whip soopallalie and as a lining in pit cooking ovens. They are also spread out on the ground and berry juice is squeezed over the grass and left to dry in the sun. It is a common, yellow-green grass and grows abundantly at low to mid elevations in dry coniferous forest and clearings. Pine Grass rarely forms a head except in open, sunny areas.
	Tule (Scirpus lacustris)—The tall, round stems that are pulpy but tough are usually harvested at the peaks of maturity in late summer and early fall. Tule mats are light with good insulating capacity because of their pithy centre. When it rains, the shoots swell, forming a water-tight seal. Tule mats are sometimes used in place of buckskin hides to cover the tipis. Animals, such as muskrats, use tule as coverings for their dens.