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Glossary
As much as possible these definitions pertain to the materials discussed in the essays on the Fortress of Louisbourg.
Acadia mainland Nova Scotia.Amerind (Amerindian) any of the original inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere south of the Arctic coast.
Apothecary place where medicines are prescribed and dispensed ; a pharmacy.
Auberge (Fr.) an inn.
Aubergiste (Fr.) an innkeeper.
Bailli (Fr.) a judge of the bailliage.
Bailliage (Fr.) a court handling routine civil and criminal cases and serving as a lower court for more serious crimes.
Baroque of or having to do with a style of art, architecture, poetry or music in 17th- century Europe.
Barracks a building or buildings which housed soldiers.
Basque a people of the western Pyrenees; the unique language of these people.
Bastion a projecting part of a fortification, usually having two faces, which allows defenders to fire upon attackers from as many angles as possible.
Battery a set of guns or cannons placed at intervals for combined action in defence or attack; platform where cannons are placed within a fortification.
Beaches gravel plots of land, man-made or natural, which give a level area for drying fish.
Benedictions the asking of God's blessing during a religious service.
Biens propres (Fr.) one's personal belongings.
Cabaret a tavern.
Canon a regulation or rule decreed by a church council.
Canonization declaring a dead person to be a saint.
Continental Shelf submerged shelf of land bordering most continents.
Dieu (Fr.) a god; God.
Douaire (Fr.) an inheritance or endowment left to a woman upon the death of her husband.
Dysentery a painful disease of the intestines.
Ecclesiastic related to the church or religion.
Engagés (Fr.) an employee.
Engineer concerning 18th-century Louisbourg, a member of a military group devoted to the design of fortifications, architecture of government structures, and for the general layout of towns ( streets, town blocks).
Feste (Festin) (Fr.) a banquet or feast.
Fête (Fr.) a holiday, celebration, festival or party.
Flakes fish-drying platforms constructed of two parallel lines of poles joined by stringers and the top with crosspieces covered with branches.
Galley a long, low ship propelled mainly by one or more banks of oars.
Gallican Church the independent national Catholic church of France which, in the 18th century, was closely tied to the monarchy.
Garrison the soldiers stationed in a fort or town; also the place where such troops are stationed.
Greffier (Fr.) a clerk of the court.
Habitant (Fr.) a resident, occupant; the head of a household.
Habitant marchande (Fr.) a female merchant owning a business, land, buildings, etc.
Habitant pêcheur (Fr.) the owner of a fishing establishment.
Hernia a painful protrusion of an organ or part through tissue or cavity wall.
High Mass the primary mass of the day, usually in the morning.
Huissier (Fr.) an officer of the court; a bailiff or court usher.
Hydrography the study, measurement and description of oceans, lakes, rivers, etc., in reference to their use for navigation and commerce.
Île (Fr.) island.
Infantry foot soldiers branch of an army trained to fight on foot.
Jeux de quilles (Fr.) ninepins; bowling.
Livre (Fr.) (weight) pound.
Majority age of the legal age of responsibility; in 18th-century France - 25.
Mercantilism system of political economics that stresses a greater volume of exports than imports, and the exploitation of the colonies; in theory the French colonies would receive their imports from France or other French colonies.
Migrant one who moves from one location to another.
Missionary a representative of the church sent to advance the causes, ideas or beliefs of the church, usually in a foreign country.
MLLE (Fr.) abbr. Mademoiselle. Miss.
MME (Fr.) abbr. Madame. Mrs.
Monarchy a government under absolute rule by a single person, usually a hereditary chief of state in power for life.
Mutiny a resistance to, or revolt against discipline, lawful authority, or superior officers.
New England the possessions of England in North America.
New France the possessions of France in North America prior to 1763.
New World North and South America; the regions explored and settled during the European voyages to these lands.
Patron a guardian saint; protector.
Pieds (Fr.) (measure) feet.
Poche(tte) (Fr.) pocket; a small bag.
Proctor one who manages another’s case in a court of law.
Rances an arrangement of boughs and branches placed on the ground to offer a base for drying fish.
Religieux (Fr.) a member of a religious order; a monk, priest, etc.
Renaissance the period of time that brought about the great revival of art and learning in Europe; the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries.
Rue (Fr.) street.
Roi (Fr.) King.
Sacrament a religious rite or observance.
Sacristan the person in charge of the sacred vessels, robes, etc. of a church.
Salvoe firing of several guns at once as a salute; round of cheers or applause.
Te Deum (Latin) a hymn of praise and thanksgiving sung during church services and special occasions.
Tithe a tax or donation given for the support of the church and clergy.
Vespers church service held in the late afternoon or evening.