Queen Maud Gulf Migratory Bird Sanctuary was established
in 1960 and protects the nesting grounds of over 95% of the world population of
Ross's Geese, and 15% of the Canadian population of Lesser Geese and Greater
White-fronted Geese.
The sanctuary is located in the central Canadian Arctic. The
communities of Cambridge Bay and
Gjoa Haven are about 75
km and 125 km to the
Northwest and Northeast respectively. The sanctuary follows 300 km along the South coast of Queen
Maud Gulf and extends 135 m inland, which makes it almost 69,800 km2 in
size. Consequently, it is the largest bird sanctuary in Canada.
The sanctuary contains the immense, gently rolling lowland of the
Precambrian Shield. It is dotted with numerous streams, ponds, and shallow
lakes mixed with areas of lush, low-Arctic tundra marshes. The sanctuary
was designated a "Wetland of International Importance" due to
the plentiful and productive wetlands and large numbers of geese. The island
contains more Snow Geese and Ross's Geese
than the thousands of Canada Geese, Greater White-fronted Geese, and Brant,
including the Pacific and Atlantic species, which inhabit the island as well.
Ross's Geese and Lesser Snow Geese appear essentially the same.
Both species have two colour phases, white and blue however, blue Ross's are rare.
Ross's are one third smaller than Lesser Snow Geese and have
a short stubby bill which lacks the Snow Goose's "grinning
patch". Ross's Geese and Lesser Snow Geese nest in mixed colonies where they may interbreed.
In 1988 there was 57 colonies, 3 of which contained 85% of the nests.

Almost 100% of the world population of Ross's Geese nest in Queen Maud Gulf. In 1988, almost 178,000
individual geese were counted in this sanctuary. These geese mainly
winter in California, with some wintering in New Mexico and northern Mexico.
The population of these birds has grown immensely in the past 20 years.