Canada's Role in Fighting Tuberculosis

Scanned Images Catalogue

 

 

 

File

Source

Caption

URL

001

VE 1956:37(3):15

During 1948, this railcar converted into a mobile x-ray unit named "Bonavista" helped discover 28 active cases of TB throughout settlements in Newfoundland (Valley Echo, March 1956).

001_train.jpg

002

VE 1964:45(3):8

Saskatchewan Health celebrities: (left-right) Dr JM Uhlrich, Lt. Governor; Dr. Ferguson of the Anti-Tuberculosis League; Dr FD Munroe, Health Minister; and Premier TC Douglas (Valley Echo, March 1964).

002_ferguson_with_douglas.jpg

003

VE 1964:45(3):16

Dr Ferguson holding an enlarged portrait of himself that had been donated to the Fort San by the IODE (Valley Echo, March 1964).

003_ferguson.jpg

004

VE 1964:45(7):18

Some young TB patients pose for a group photo at the sanatorium (Valley Echo, July 1964).

004_kids.jpg

005

VE 1964:45(6):12-13

A fleet of mobile x-ray trucks lined up at the Vancouver PNE, ready to take on 'Operation Doorstep'. This first mass survey of the city of Vancouver required trucks borrowed from all over the country (Valley Echo, June 1964).

005_trucks_vancouver.jpg

006

VE 1944:25(3):32

From the beginning of sanatorium treatment, it was known that the sun helped to kill TB bacteria. When the Sun's UV rays hit human skin, vitamin D is produced. And when cod fish were found to be rich in vitamin D, their oil was sold as "liquid sunshine" (this was a real advertisement in the Valley Echo, March 1944).

006_codLiverOil.jpg

007

VE 1945:26(5):9

Young patients at the Fort San take sun therapy, or "heliotherapy", which helped to kill the TB bacteria (Valley Echo, May 1945).

007_sun_treatment.jpg

008

VE 1945:26(8):28

Fort Sanatorium in Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan (Valley Echo, August 1945).

008_fort_san.jpg

009

VE 1955:36(7):11

Andrew B Cook (18??-1959) taken from the Valley Echo, August 1955.

009_cook.jpg

010

VE 1955:36(10):11

Young patients at the Prince Albert Sanatorium in Saskatchewan (Valley Echo, October 1955).

010_sanatorium_kids.jpg

011

VE 1953:34(12):11

Young patients at Fort Sanatorium, Ft Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan (Valley Echo, December 1953). Standing is Mrs. Uldukis, beside her is Douglas Glazier and just in front is Gary Bilous. Front row--Richard Reiman, Stewart Budd, Wendy Mitchell, Johnny Parisian, Armand Thompson, Marion Saltaux, Farilene Saltaux, and Dennis McNab.

011_sanatorium_kids.jpg

012

VE 1953:34(12):10

Young male patients at Fort Sanatorium, Ft Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan (Valley Echo, December 1953). Richard Moosemay, Rickie Belheumer, William Saltaux, Leonard Kaytor, Brian Jackson, Mervin Pelletier, with John Bailey, orderly on the children's ward.

012_sanatorium_kids.jpg

013

VE 1943:24(4):16

Sanatorium cartoon, showing just how good san life was, found in the April 1943 Valley Echo.

013_cartoon_san_life.gif

014

VE 1943:24(8):26

A patient is x-rayed using a photofluorograph machine to look for active tuberculosis (Valley Echo, August 1943). This was one of the first fluorgraph outfits, assembled by Robert S. Connell, a young worker at the Fort San who went on to market a similar machine for Picker X-ray of Vancouver.

014_photofluorograph.jpg

015

VE 1950:31(5):1

Four tuberculous toddlers in an outdoor crib at the Fort San (Valley Echo, May 1950).

015_toddlers.jpg

016

VE 1942:23(4):12

A nurse with two babies at the preventorium. Healthy babies of tuberculous mothers were kept separate, in the preventorium, while mother sought treatment (Valley Echo, April 1942).

016_preventorium.jpg

017

VE 1942:23(8):37

Photofluorograph x-ray of a man to look for active tuberculosis (Valley Echo, August 1942).

017_photofluorograph.jpg

018

VE 1963:44(10):10

One method of the tuberculin skin test--small, disposable pins were used to inject the reactant under the surface of the skin (advertisement in Valley Echo, October 1963).

018_tuberculin_test.jpg

019

VE 1948:29(6):9

Young sanatorium patients sit outside under the blazing sun during what was called "heliotherapy". Sunbathing helped to kill the bacteria that cause TB (Valley Echo, June 1948).

019_sunbathers.jpg

020

VE 1948:29(8):70

A group of male patients at the Fort San display their new dressing gowns. Left to right, kneeling: George O'dell, Bill Glenn, Harwood (Phil) Phillips; seated, Pete (Baldy) Boschman, John Materi, Ken Park, Elmer Axelson, Johnny Armstrong, Jim Williams, Red Cowan, Steve Burkowski, and Johnny Johnston (Valley Echo, August 1948).

020_patientspose.jpg

021

VE 1957:38(5):5

A young boy receives his injection for tuberculin testing. A positive reaction would mean further testing for active TB, including x-ray and or spit test (Valley Echo, May 1957).

021_tuberculin_test.jpg

022

VE 1959:40(3):21

A sanatorium patient receives pneumothorax treatment from Dr. GH Hames in Saskatchewan during the 1940s (Valley Echo, March 1959).

022_pneumothorax.jpg

023

Stewart, page 13

The original buildings of the Ninette Sanatorium, from a postcard (Stewart, page 13).

023_ninette_sanatorium.jpg

024

VE 1959:40(6):13

Trucks housing mobile x-ray machines for use in mass surveys in Spring, 1943 (Valley Echo, June 1959). Although photofluorography was done by the British Navy in 1939, and machines were produced by Siemens of Germany even before that, these two Saskatchewan trucks ran what may have been the first survey of this type in North America in 1941.

024_survey_vehicles.jpg

025

VE 1959:40(6):13

A young hospital worker receives a tuberculin injection to test for TB infection. If the test results were negative, hospital workers were often given BCG vaccination to prevent infection (Valley Echo, June 1959).

025_tuberculin_test.jpg

026

House, page 120

The M.V. "Christmas Seal", a US naval boat purchased by the Newfoundland anti-TB league in 1947, and fitted with mobile x-ray equipment. Due to a lack of roads, a major portion of the population could not reach the screening centres, so this floating TB clinic came to them (House, page 120).

026_survey_boat.jpg

027

VE 1959:40(10):3

Patients at the Mountain Sanatorium, in Hamilton practice their soapstone carving (Valley Echo, October 1959).

027_patient_carving.jpg

028

VE 1961:42(2):13

Dr. GJ Wherrett in the February 1961 Valley Echo.

028_wherrett.jpg

029

VE 1961:42(9):11

A mobile x-ray truck is sent to Hong-Kong compliments of the "employees of the department of Veterans Affairs and the People of Canada through CARE" (Valley Echo, September 1961).

029_mobile_xray_hongkong.jpg

030

VE 1962:43(11):4

A photo of a mobile x-ray unit with the side cut out to show how the photofluorograph equipment is setup inside (Valley Echo, November 1962).

030_mobile_xray_cutout.jpg

031

VE 1959:40(3):21

Scattered pills from the March 1959 Valley Echo.

031_pills.jpg

032

VE 1959:46(12):5

The MV Christmas Seal was a US naval boat converted into a floating TB clinic in 1947, in Newfoundland (Valley Echo, December 1959).

032_survey_boat.jpg

033

Stewart, page 74

Doctor and Mrs. DA Stewart during the early 1930s (Stewart, page 74).

033_stewart_wife.jpg

034

VE 1944:25(11):6

This picture shows the deformity that results from removal of ribs for lung compression in a surgery called thoracoplasty (Valley Echo, November 1944).

034_after_thoracoplasty.jpg

035

VE 1944:25(11):7

This x-ray shows the lop-sided chest that results from lung compression after thoracoplasty surgery (Valley Echo, November 1944).

035_thoracoplasty_xray.jpg

036

Nova Scotia Lung Association

Public education and awareness campaigns played a large part in convincing the general public to show up at TB clinics (Nova Scotia Lung Association).

036_billboard.jpg

037

Wherrett, insert

The Queen Alexandra Sanatorium at London Ontario was opened in 1910, and was renamed the Beck Memorial in 1941 (Wherrett, insert).

037_london_san.jpg

038

Wherrett, insert

The Queen Mary Hospital for Tuberculous Children was opened in 1913 at Weston, Ontario by the National Sanatorium Association (Wherrett, insert).

038_weston_san.jpg

040

Wherrett, insert

The King Edward Sanatorium in Tranquille, British Columbia was open from 1907 to 1957 (Wherrett, insert).

040_bc_san.jpg

041

Wherrett, insert

The Royal Edward Institute of Montreal was opened in 1909 and in 1942 merged with the Laurentian San to become the Royal Edward Laurentian Hospital (Wherrett, insert).

041_montreal_san.jpg

042

Wherrett, insert

The Ninette Sanatorium of Manitoba was opened in 1910 and closed by 1970 (Wherrett, insert).

042_manitoba_san.jpg

043

Crellin, page 33

A drawing of the Topsail Road Sanatorium in St. Johns, Newfoundland (Crellin, page 33).

043_newfoundland_san.gif

044

Larmour, page 7

An early picture of the ('Fort') Sanatorium at Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, which was opened in 1917 (Larmour, page 7).

044_fort_san.jpg

045

Larmour, page 90

Aerial view of the Fort San (Larmour, page 90).

045_fort_san.jpg

046

Wherrett, page 24

A caricature of Dr. Porter drawn in 1912 by his friend Lawren Harris, who later became one of the famous Group of Seven (Wherrett, page 24).

046_porter_cartoon.gif

047

Stewart, page 123

Signs of the End of an Era: those opening their Tuesday edition of the Globe and Mai Classifieds on January 30, 1973, were greeted with this advertisement for the sale of the Ninette Sanatorium in Manitoba (Stewart, page 123).

047_ninette_for_sale.jpg

048

House, page 35

The first sanatorium in Newfoundland was at Topsail Road in St. John's--opened 1917 (House, page 35).

048_topsail_san.jpg

049

House, page 46

The West Coast Sanatorium at Corner Brook, Newfoundland was open for TB treatment from 1950-1963.

049_west_coast_san.jpg

050

VE 1960:41(9):15

Sanatorium patients are impressed with a live Pow-wow by a local First Nations group at the Prince Albert San in Saskatchewan (Valley Echo, September 1960).

050_pow_wow.jpg

051

VE 1960:41(9):15

Dancers from several different bands come to entertain sanatorium patients at Prince Albert, Saskatchewan (Valley Echo, September 1960).

051_pow_wow.jpg

052

Saskatchewan Lung Association

A doctor views x-ray films for signs of active tuberculosis among his patients (Saskatchewan Lung Association).

052_viewing_xray.jpg

053

Saskatchewan Lung Association

A bronchoscopy (SLA Photo).

053_bronchoscope.jpg

054

Saskatchewan Lung Association

A mobile x-ray unit of the Saskatchewan Anti-Tuberculosis League (Saskatchewan Lung Association).

054_mobile_xray.jpg

055

Nova Scotia Lung Association

A man is x-rayed during a community survey in Nova Scotia. As the surveys progressed, they became faster and more efficient; eventually, participants were able to remain fully clothed during the x-ray (Nova Scotia Lung Association).

055_man_xray.jpg

056

Nova Scotia Lung Association

People are given injections for the tuberculin skin test during a community survey in Nova Scotia. Positive reactors would be tested further for active tuberculosis (Nova Scotia Lung Association).

056_tuberculin_test.jpg

057

Nova Scotia Lung Association

A young girl is injected with tuberculin to test for TB infection during a school survey in Nova Scotia (Nova Scotia Lung Association).

057_tuberculin_test.jpg

058

Nova Scotia Lung Association

Nurses process two men during a community survey in Nova Scotia (Nova Scotia Lung Association).

058_mass_survey.jpg

059

Nova Scotia Lung Association

This mobile x-ray unit was the first to operate in the province of Nova Scotia. It was purchased by the province in 1948 for $25,000, of which the TB Association donated $10,000 from their sale of Christmas Seals (Nova Scotia Lung Association).

059_ns_mobile_xray.jpg

060

Nova Scotia Lung Association

A woman receives physiotherapy treatment while recovering from tuberculosis at the sanatorium (Nova Scotia Lung Association).

060_ns_physiotherapy.jpg

061

VE 1925:6(6):10

Sunlamps were often used to replace natural sunlight in sun-therapy, or "heliotherapy" for tuberculosis (Valley Echo, June 1925).

061_sun_lamps.jpg

062

VE 1925:6(8):12

Massive machines such as this one were used to heat-kill
TB bacteria found in milk during a process called pasteurization. This sanitation process led to the virtual elimination of human TB infection from cattle (Valley Echo, August 1925).

062_milk_pasteurization.jpg

063

VE 1925:6(8):13

Massive machines such as this one were used to heat-kill
TB bacteria found in milk during a process called pasteurization. This sanitation process led to the virtual elimination of human TB infection from cattle (Valley Echo, August 1925).

063_milk_pasteurization.jpg

064

VE 1935:16(6):14

The Fort William Sanatorium opened in 1935, two miles from Thunder Bay, Ontario. Note the sun balconies that formed steps on each end of the building (Valley Echo, June 1935).

064_ontario_san.jpg

065

VE 1935:16(8):7

The Royal Ottawa Sanatorium, which opened in December of 1909, as seen in 1935 (Valley Echo, August 1935).

065_ottawa_san.jpg

066

VE 1935:16(10):16

The Ninette Sanatorium in Manitoba as seen in 1935 (Valley Echo, October 1935). This sanatorium was the first in the world to take medical students as assistants for training in TB work by means of an intensive short course.

066_manitoba_san.jpg

067

VE 1936:17(2):11

The type of pneumothorax machine used in Canada during the 1930s was fitted with two bottles and several valves which together made a manometer--allowing the surgeon to accurately gauge the amount of air being pumped into the space surrounding the patient's lungs (Valley Echo, February 1936).

067_pneumo_machine.gif

068

VE 1936:17(2):11

Carlo Forlanini, an Italian physician, injected air into the chest of a tuberculous patient in 1882. He is given credit for the discovery of artificial pneumothorax as a practical procedure (Valley Echo, February 1936).

068_pneumo_inventor.gif

069

VE 1936:17(3):13

A tuberculous skin infection on the face of a young boy (Valley Echo, March 1936).

069_tb_on_face.jpg

070

VE 1937:18(7):17

Sanatorium kids attend school while staying in their beds outside on the balcony (Valley Echo, July 1937).

070_san_school.jpg

071

VE 1938:19(9):19

Students of the Saskatchewan Normal School line up to be given the tuberculin skin test for TB (Valley Echo, September 1938).

071_school_survey.jpg

072

VE 1938:19(9):27

Schoolchildren are tested for TB infection using the tuberculin skin test (Valley Echo, September 1938).

072_school_survey.jpg

073

VE 1939:20(6):8

A knee brace or "caliper" on a patient who suffered from tuberculosis of the bones (Valley Echo, June 1939).

073_knee_brace.jpg

074

VE 1939:20(6):9

A spinal brace on a patient with spinal TB, placed so that disabling deformities of the spine might not occur (Valley Echo, June 1939).

074_spine_brace.jpg

075

VE 1939:20(8):32

TB patients on bed rest at the Saskatoon San rest comfortably while waiting for a visit of the King and Queen (Valley Echo, August 1939).

075_patients_rest.jpg

076

VE 1939:20(12):6

Tuberculous patients learn a useful trade while staying at the Fort San in 1919 (Valley Echo, December 1939).

076_vocational_training.jpg

077

VE 1940:21(11):13

An infant is x-rayed for signs of active tuberculosis (Valley Echo, November 1940).

077_infant_xray.jpg

078

VE 1941:22(6):4

Sanatorium patients "chase cure" while resting in bed out on the porch where much fresh air is available (Valley Echo, June 1941).

078_balcony_rest.jpg

079

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of x-ray

079_cartoon_xray.gif

080

VE 1941:22(6):17

A teacher brings school to the patients at the Saskatoon San (Valley Echo, June 1941).

080_san_school.jpg

081

VE 1927:8(4):13

Young sanatorium patients with tuberculosis in their bones and joints collect sunrays during "heliotherapy" (Valley Echo, April 1927).

081_sun_treatment.jpg

082

VE 1927:8(5):27

Mr. Guy Watkin and his orchestra entertain patients at a Saskatchewan sanatorium in 1927 (Valley Echo, May 1927).

082_orchestra.jpg

083

VE 1927:8(9):8

The legendary Sousa Orchestra plays outside while patients at the Saskatoon San watch and listen from their beds on the balconies above (Valley Echo, September 1927).

083_entertainment.jpg

084

VE 1928:9(2):13

Kids learn in bed as teachers bring school right to them in the sanatorium (Valley Echo, February 1928).

084_san_school.jpg

085

VE 1928:9(2):18

Visible deformities in a boy recovered from TB infection of the spine (Valley Echo, February 1928).

085_spine_deformities.jpg

086

VE 1928:9(3):15

The Queen Mary Hospital for Tuberculous Children at Weston, Ontario (Valley Echo, March 1928).

086_ontario_san.jpg

087

VE 1930:11(5):7

Sanatorium children sit out on the sun balcony, taking in rest, sunlight, and fresh air (Valley Echo, May 1930).

087_kids.jpg

088

VE 1930:11(5):17

A tuberculous mother, on strict bed rest, leaves her room at the sanatorium for a Sunday walk with her family. But she does not leave her bed (Valley Echo, May 1930).

088_mobile_patient.jpg

089

VE 1937:18(8):10

The Saskatoon Sanatorium was opened in 1925 (Valley Echo, August 1937).

089_saskatoon_san.jpg

090

VE 1931:12(11):5

This cartoon, drawn by a patient at the Saskatoon San, illustrates the philosophy of the time that resting and waiting in bed is the only way to "chase cure" (Valley Echo, November 1931).

090_cartoon_cure.gif

091

VE 1933:14(9):8

A September morning session at the Prince Albert Sanatorium School (Valley Echo, September 1933).

091_san_school.jpg

092

VE 1923/4:4(6):12

Several sanatoria had their own radio stations, and local entertainers would take to the air for the enjoyment of bedridden patients, as well as to raise money for the TB cause (Valley Echo, June 1923).

092_san_radio.jpg

093

VE 1923/4:4(7):21

Deformities in the legs of a three year-old boy that contracted bovine tuberculosis from infected mill (Valley Echo, July 1923).

093_tb_from_milk.jpg

094

VE 1923/4:4(7):22

Facial infection of a boy that contracted bovine tuberculosis by drinking milk from an infected cow (Valley Echo, July 1923).

094_tb_from_milk.jpg

095

VE 1923/4:4(8):2

The Mountain San at Hamilton, Ontario, was open to TB patients in 1910 (Valley Echo, August 1923).

095_hamilton_san.jpg

096

VE 1923/4:4(10):8

Croquet was a perfect recreational activity for san patients who weren't on strict bed rest because it kept them outside, yet didn't demand too much physical exertion (Valley Echo, October 1923).

096_hobbies_croquet.jpg

097

VE 1923/4:4(5):2

Children take sun at a sanatorium in the Swiss Alps, the region in which heliotherapy originated (Valley Echo, May 1923).

097_swiss_sun_treatment.jpg

098

VE 1934:15(8):6

An aerial view of Fort San, in Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan (Valley Echo, August 1934).

098_fort_san.jpg

099

Saskatchewan Tuberculosis Control Guide

A sketch showing the placement of the needle into the skin for a tuberculin skin test (SK TB Control Guide).

099_tuberculin_test.gif

100

Saskatchewan Tuberculosis Control Guide

The needle is pushed in, placing the tuberculin fluid just under the skin (SK TB Control Guide).

100_tuberculin_needle.jpg

101

Saskatchewan Tuberculosis Control Guide

The wheal is measured 48 hours after injection. A positive reaction is much larger and means the patient has contacted the TB bacteria, but does not mean the patient has TB (SK TB Control Guide).

101_tuberculin_measure.jpg

102

Saskatchewan Tuberculosis Control Guide

The large blister-effect of a positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test (SK TB Control Guide).

102_tuberculin_wheal.jpg

103

Saskatchewan Tuberculosis Control Guide

Normal healing of the test area after 4 weeks (SK TB Control Guide).

103_tuberculin_4weeks.jpg

104

Saskatchewan Tuberculosis Control Guide

Normal healing of the test area after 6 weeks (SK TB Control Guide).

104_tuberculin_6weeks.jpg

105

Saskatchewan Tuberculosis Control Guide

Normal healing of the test area after 3 months (SK TB Control Guide).

105_tuberculin_3mos.jpg

106

Saskatchewan Tuberculosis Control Guide

Normal healing of the test area after 12 months (SK TB Control Guide).

106_tuberculin_12mos.jpg

107

Dr. Vernon Hoeppner

Mycobacterium tuberculosis stained with auramine fluorescence stain. Only the bacteria are illuminated while other materials are blacked out (courtesy of Dr. Hoeppner).

107_bacillus.jpg

108

TB Speaker's Bureau

"Acid-Fast Bacillus" smear, positive for presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Note the small, purple, rod-shaped bacilli (Canadian Lung Association, TB Speaker's Bureau).

108_bacillus.jpg

109

TB Speaker's Bureau

A chest x-ray showing signs of active tuberculosis (Canadian Lung Association, TB Speaker's Bureau).

109_xray_film.jpg

110

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of needle

110_cartoon_needle.gif

111

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of TB germs under microscope

111_cartoon_microscope.gif

112

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of closed sanatorium

112_cartoon_san.gif

113

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of TB pills

113_cartoon_pills.gif

114

O'Brien, cover

Edward J. O'Brien (O'brien, cover).

114_obrien.jpg

115

Gale, insert

Sir William Gage (Gale, insert).

115_gage.jpg

116

Gale, insert

Sir William Gage and the National Sanatorium Association opened the Toronto Free Hospital for Consumptive Poor 1904. Five former horse-drawn street-cars were donated by the City of Toronto and used as patient pavilions (Gale, insert).

116_weston_san_streetcars.jpg

117

Gale, insert

Sir William Gage and the National Sanatorium Association opened the Toronto Free Hospital for Consumptive Poor 1904. Five former horse-drawn street-cars were donated by the City of Toronto and used as patient pavilions (Gale, insert).

117_weston_san_streetcars.jpg

118

CLA

This was the first Head Office of the National Sanatorium Association, ca. 1914 (CLA)

118_san_assoc_office.jpg

119

Norton, insert

Dr. Charles Fagan (Norton, insert).

119_fagan_charles.jpg

120

Norton, insert

The King Edward Sanatorium at Tranquille, British Columbia was open to TB patients from 1907 to 1957 (Norton, insert).

120_tranquille_san.jpg

121

Norton, insert

The West Pavilion of the Tranquille San, B.C. (Norton, insert)

121_tranquille_san.jpg

122

Wherrett, insert

Prime Minister Louis Stephen St. Laurent watches as PC leader George Drew is x-rayed at the kick-off of a TB mass survey of the city of Ottawa in 1953 (Wherrett, insert).

122_pm_gets_surveyed.jpg

123

Hopital De Mont-Joli: 1939-1989

The Saint George Sanatorium at Mont-Joli, Quebec, opened in 1939, is now the Hopital de Mont-Joli (Hopital de Mont-Joli: 1939-1989).

123_mont_joli_san.jpg

124

L'Association Pulmonaire du Quebec

Dr. Armand Frappier presents the Armand Frappier bursary to Dr. Aurore Cote (L'Association Pulmonaire du Quebec).

124_frappier.jpg

125

L'Association Pulmonaire du Quebec

Prime Minister Brian Mulroney is presented with Christmas Seals by Canadian Thoracic Society President Dr. Peter Macleod in 1989 (L'Association Pulmonaire du Quebec).

125_mulroney_seals.jpg

126

Canadian Lung Association, 1968

Dr. David A. Stewart (CLA, 1968).

126_stewart_drawing.gif

127

Canadian Lung Association, 1968

Dr. R.G. Ferguson (CLA, 1968).

127_ferguson_drawing.gif

128

Canadian Lung Association, 1968

Dr. A. Frappier (CLA, 1968).

128_frappier_drawing.gif

129

Wherrett, insert

Dr. David A. Stewart (Wherrett, insert).

129_stewart.jpg

130

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997(114):307

Dr. E.W. Archibald (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997(114):307).

130_archibald.jpg

131

CLA Annual Report, 1992-93

Dr. Stefan Grzybowski (CLA).

131_grzybowski.jpg

132

Image used with permission of Yvonne Kress, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Kathleen McDonough, Ph.D., Wadsworth Center - New York State Department of Health.

Electron-microscope image of a Mycobacteria tuberculosis bacterium (Image used with permission of Yvonne Kress, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Kathleen McDonough, Ph.D., Wadsworth Center - New York State Department of Health).

132_bacillus.jpg

133

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of coughing dinosaur

133_cough.gif

134

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of tombstone

134_tombstone.gif

135

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of coughing house

135_house_cough.gif

136

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of germs

136_germs.gif

137

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Cartoon drawing of coughing character

137_germs.gif

138

Christian (CLA)

The stages of tuberculosis infection (Christian).

138_infection_stages.gif

139

Christian (CLA)

A student at the University of Saskatchewan is x-rayed during a tuberculosis survey of the city of Saskatoon in 1938 (Christian).

139_student_xrayed.jpg

140

Stewart Memorial Unveiling

Ninette Sanatorium (Stewart Memorial Unveiling).

140_ninette_san.jpg

141

Stewart Memorial Unveiling

Patients at the Ninette San in Manitoba take rest on one of the balconies (Stewart Memorial Unveiling).

141_balcony_patients.jpg

142

Canadian Lung Association

Dr. R.E. Wodehouse (Canadian Lung Association).

142_wodehouse.jpg

143

Canadian Lung Association

Dr. G.J. Wherrett (Canadian Lung Association).

143_wherrett.jpg

144

Canadian Lung Association

Dr. C.W.L. Jeanes (Canadian Lung Association).

144_jeanes.jpg

145

Canadian Lung Association

Dr. G.D. Porter (Canadian Lung Association).

145_porter.jpg

146

Canadian Lung Association

Citizens of Vancouver come out to be x-rayed at a mobile x-ray unit during Operation Doorstep, mass survey in the early 1960s (Canadian Lung Association).

146_survey_people.jpg

147

Canadian Lung Association

Dr. Ferguson (left) checks on a TB patient during one of his visits to Northern Saskatchewan, ca. 1922 (Canadian Lung Association).

147_ferguson.jpg

148

House, page 117

Dr. Jeanes, onboard the MV Christmas Seal, interprets an x-ray of Rev. W.T. Brown at Badger's Quay in the summer of 1954 (House, page 117).

148_jeanes.jpg

149

Pasteur Merieux Connaught, Canada

The Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine (photo courtesy of Pasteur Merieux Connaught, Canada).

149_bcg_vaccine.jpg

150

Canadian Lung Association, 1968

Dr. Norman Bethune (CLA, 1968).

150_norman_bethune.gif

151

Canadian Lung Association, 1968

Sir Wilfrid Laurier (CLA, 1968).

150_wilfrid_laurier.gif

152

Newfoundland Lung Association

A lung operation underway in Newfoundland (Newfoundland Lung Association).

152_operating_room.jpg

153

Newfoundland Lung Association

Santa Claus visits a tuberculosis patient in Newfoundland (Newfoundland Lung Association).

153_santa.jpg

154

Canadian Pharmaceutical Association (CPS 1991)

Rifampin capsules may be prescribed as part of a multi-drug attack on tuberculosis (Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, 1991).

154_rifadin.jpg

155

Pharmascience Canada

Isoniazid tablets may be prescribed as part of a multi-drug attack on tuberculosis (Pharmascience Canada).

155_isoniazid.jpg

156

Statistics Canada: A Statistical Chronicle of Tuberculosis in Canada

This graph shows the peak of the Sanatorium Age, including the number of beds available in sanatoria, the percent occupancy, and the number of days' stay, in Canada between 1938 and 1964 (Statistics Canada).

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157

Statistics Canada: A Statistical Chronicle of Tuberculosis in Canada

Percentage of patients with TB that received "lung collapse therapy" in Canada, 1937-1961 (Statistics Canada).

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158

Statistics Canada: A Statistical Chronicle of Tuberculosis in Canada

Changes in the death rate due to tuberculosis in Canada, from 1926 to 1990 (Statistics Canada).

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159

Statistics Canada: A Statistical Chronicle of Tuberculosis in Canada

Major causes of death in Canada in 1926 (Statistics Canada). Seven percent of all deaths result from Tuberculosis.

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160

Statistics Canada: A Statistical Chronicle of Tuberculosis in Canada

Major causes of death in Canada in 1990 (Statistics Canada). Tuberculosis accounts for less than 1% of deaths, included under "infectious diseases".

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161

Proceedings of the National Consensus Conference on TB, 1997.

Reported tuberculosis in Canada, 1980-1995 (Proc Nat Consensus Conf TB, 1997). Note that there is no longer a definite drop in the occurance of TB.

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162

Tuberculosis in Canada, 1996 report (LCDC)

Reported tuberculosis incidence rates in Canada between 1925 and 1996 (LCDC, 1996).

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163

Statistics Canada: A Statistical Chronicle of Tuberculosis in Canada

International comparison of Tuberculosis notifications rates, 1980-1983 (Statistics Canada).

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164

Tuberculosis in Canada, 1996 report (LCDC)

Distribution of reported TB cases among population groups in Canada, in 1996 (LCDC, 1996).

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165

Canadian Lung Association, 1968

Robert Koch discovers the tubercle bacillus (CLA, 1968).

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166

Statistics Canada: A Statistical Chronicle of Tuberculosis in Canada (cover)

Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium was the first TB sanatorium in Canada, at Gravenhurst, Ontario (Statistics Canada).

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167

Canadian Lung Association, 1968

BCG research in Canada began with Professor Beaudoin at the University of Montreal in 1925 (CLA, 1968).

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168

VE 1945:26(1):8

The St. Boniface Sanatorium opened in 1931 in St. Vital, Manitoba (Valley Echo, January 1945).

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169

VE 1945:26(1):8

The King Edward Hospital opened in 1907 in Winnipeg (Valley Echo, January 1945).

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170

VE 1953:34(7):30

The Prince Albert Sanatorium wa the largest and most modern sanatorium in Saskatchewan; it opened in 1930 at P.A, Saskatchewan (Valley Echo, July 1953).

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171

VE 1964:45(12):15

X-ray showing a very early case of tuberculosis. The arrow points to a single node of infection in the right (your left) upper portion of the lung (Valley Echo, December 1964).

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172

VE 1964:45(12):15

X-ray showing a moderately advanced case of pulmonary TB. The patient had just begun producing sputum, as there is evidence of a cavity on the upper-left side (Valley Echo, December 1964). Contacts will be Tuberculin-positive.

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173

VE 1964:45(12):15

X-ray showing a far advanced case of pulmonary TB. Infection is widespread throughout both sides of the lung, seen as fuzzy white abnormalities in this x-ray (Valley Echo, December 1964).

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174

Wherrett, insert

The First Canadian preventorium was opened by the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire in Toronto, in 1913 (Wherrett, insert).

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175

PEI Public Archives and Records Office

Sir Charles Dalton (PEI Public Archives and Records Office).

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176

PEI Public Archives and Records Office

The Charles Dalton Sanatorium was built between 1913 and 1916, North of Wiltshire, PEI (PEI Public Archives and Records Office).

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177

Saskatchewan Lung Association

This TB Control laboratory in Peru uses equipment, funded by CIDA, to help diagnose tuberculosis in screening patients (SLA Photo).

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178

Saskatchewan Lung Association

A CIDA TB Programme vehicle sits outside the Peruvian Department of Health compound for Lima East, Peru (SLA Photo).

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179

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Members of a Canadian (CIDA) delegation pose in front of a Health Centre in Peru. Locals come here to receive DOTS therapy (SLA Photo).

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180

Saskatchewan Lung Association

Members of a CIDA project support crew in Lima, Peru, with one of six TB programme vehicles provided by CIDA (SLA Photo).

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