6. What determines the "light gathering power" of a telescope?

The amount of light which is gathered by the telescope will be proportional (in the ideal case) to the square of the diameter of the objective lens or mirror (this is simply because the light collected will depend on the area of the objective). For example, small department store telescopes often have an objective about 5 cm in diameter. A modest amateur astronomer telescope is often about 20 cm diameter. The latter instrument would collect 4 x 4 or 16 times as much light. This corresponds, on the astronomical magnitude scale, to a difference of about 3 magnitudes (2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 is approximately 16).

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