The foreign-born population (also known as the immigrant population) is defined in the 2001 Census as persons who are now, or who once were, landed immigrants in Canada. The foreign-born population does not include non-permanent residents, who are persons in Canada on employment or student authorizations, Minister’s permits, or are refugee claimants. The foreign-born population also excludes persons born outside Canada who are Canadian citizens by birth. The latter are considered part of the Canadian-born or non-immigrant population.