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6. Exhibition


INDEX


Table of Contents

General
Mounting, Matting and Framing
Environmental Control
Materials

General

Standards

ANSI/NISO Z39.79 - 199X. Environmental Conditions for the Exhibition of Library and Archival Materials.
In preparation. Covers optimum physical and environmental conditions.

BS 5454: 1989. Recommendations for Storage and Exhibition of Archival Documents.
Scope: This British Standard makes recommendations for the storage and exhibition of archival documents. The recommendations apply to the long-term and temporary storage of archival documents in restricted access and to the display of such documents in exhibitions..apply to the storage and exhibition of archival documents in the U.K. and other countries with similar temperate climates...

References

Association of College and Research Libraries Rare Books and Manuscripts Section. Guidelines for Borrowing Special Collections Materials for Exhibition. College and Research Libraries News (May 1990): 430-434.
Suggestions for borrowers and for lending institutions; includes a model loan agreement form.

Association of College and Research Libraries Rare Books and Manuscripts Section. 1993. Guidelines for the Loan of Rare and Unique Materials. College and Research Libraries News (May 1993): 267-269.

Cannon-Brookes, P. 1982. A Draft Code of Practice for Escorts and Couriers. The International Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship 1 (March): 41-60.

Farr Casterline, Gail. 1980. Archives and Manuscripts: Exhibits. SAA Basic Manual Series. Chicago: Society of American Archivists.
Covers issues of planning, conservation, program coordination and administration.

Nicholson, Catherine. 1992. What Exhibits Can Do to Your Collection. Restaurator 13(3): 95-113.
Focus on libraries and archives.

Registrar's Sub-Committee for Professional Practices. 1986. A Code of Practice for Couriering Museum Objects. Washington, D.C.: American Association of Museums.

Sixsmith, Mike. 1995. Touring Exhibitions. The Touring Exhibitions Group's Manual of Good Practice. London: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Comprehensive and practical guidance for museums, galleries and libraries, as borrowers and lenders.

Stowlow, Nathan. 1979. Conservation Standards for Works of Art in Transit and on Exhibition. Museums and Monuments XVII. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Detailed coverage of case design, packing and transport.

Stolow, Nathan. 1987. Conservation and Exhibitions: Packing, Transport, Storage and Environmental Considerations. London: Butterworths.
Comprehensive guide to care, handling and conservation of art and artifacts in transit, on loan and on exhibition. Covers principles, examination procedures and reporting preparation, handling, packing, cases, controlled environments, transportation, loan agreements, insurance plus standards and conservation guidelines. Appendices on silica gel, specifications for vehicles, guidelines for gallery design, etc.

"ICOM Guidelines for Loans". 1974. ICOM News 27(3/4):78-79.

Table of contents


Mounting, Matting and Framing

References

Canadian Conservation Institute. 1988. Glazing Materials for Framing Works on Paper. CCI Notes N11/3. Ottawa: CCI.
Discusses advantages and disadvantages of plastic and glass as glazing materials.

Canadian Conservation Institute. 1988. Matting Works on Paper. CCI Notes N11/5. Ottawa: CCI.
Describes procedures in preparing a mat housing for storage and display.

Canadian Conservation Institute. 1993. Removing Paper Artifacts from their Frames. CCI Note N11/6. Ottawa: CCI.
Describes procedures in handling frames, examination of framed artifacts, and removal of the artifact from the frame.

Canadian Conservation Institute. 1994. Display Methods for Books. CCI Notes N11/8. Ottawa: CCI.
Describes methods of support and appropriate materials.

Canadian Conservation Institute. 1995. Framing Works of Art on Paper. CCI Notes N11/9. Ottawa: CCI.
Discusses choice of frame and framing materials.

Professional Pictures Framers Association. n.d. PPFA Guild Guidelines. For Framing Works of Art on Paper. Richmond, Virginia: Professional Pictures Framers Association.
Guidelines for choosing methods and materials for framing works of art on paper.

Smith, Merrily A. 1981. Matting and Hinging of Works of Art on Paper. National Preservation Office Publication. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.
Comprehensive review of matting techniques.

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Environmental Control

See also 5. Environmental Control

Standards

ANSI/NISO Z39.-199X. Environmental Conditions for the Exhibition of Library and Archival Materials.
In preparation.

References

Ashok, Roy and Perry Smith, eds. 1994. Preventive Conservation Practice, Theory and Research. Preprints of the Contributions to the Ottawa Congress, 12-16 September 1994. London: IIC.
Includes a number of papers on environmental control in display cases.

Boyce, P. 1987. Visual Acuity, Colour Discrimination and Light Level. In Lighting: Preprints of the Bristol Conference on Lighting in Museums, Galleries and Historic Houses. London: Museums Association. 50-57.

Canadian Conservation Institute. 1989. Light Damage Slide Rule. CCI Notes N2/6. Ottawa: CCI.
Basic collections care tool for the regulation of intensity and duration of illumination in order to preserve the colour of artifacts.

Canadian Conservation Institute. 1987. Relative Humidity Control Module: Construction and Assembly Manual and Bluprints. CCI Notes N2/6. Ottawa: CCI.

Colby, Karen. 1992. A Suggested Exhibition Policy for Works of Art on Paper. Journal of the International Institute for Conservation -Canadian Group 17:3-11.
Examination of new exhibition policy with focus on recommended exposure times that balance preservation and display needs. Includes 3 category lists which classify materials and specific pigments according to their lightfastness rating (ISO Blue Wool Standard).

Lafontaine, Raymond H. 1984. Silica Gel. Canadian Conservation Institute Technical Bulletin 10. Ottawa: CCI.
Detailed explanation for use of silica gel to control relative humidity in exhibition cases.

Michalski, Stefan. 1992. A Control Module for Relative Humidity in Display Cases. In Preprints of the Contributions to the Washington Congress, Science and Technology in the Service of Conservation. N.S. Bromelle and Garry Thomson, eds. Washington, D.C.

Michalski, Stefan. 1993. Towards Specific Lighting Guidelines. In ICOM Committee for Conservation: 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden, German Democratic Republic, 26-31 August, 1990, Preprints, ed. K. Grimstead, Vol. 2. Marina del Rey, California: The Getty Conservation Institute. 583-588.
Discussion of review of lightfastness data and development of slide rule to calculate fading.

Table of contents


Materials

Terminology

Standards

ANSI/ASTM D 883-93. Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics.
Scope:

ANSI/ASTM D 1600-94A. Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics.
Scope:

ANSI/ASTM D 4805-88. Standard Terminology for Plastics Standards.
Scope:

ISO 472: 1988. Plastics - Vocabulary.
Scope: This International Standard defines terms used in the plastics industry, in English and French...

ISO 4618-1: 1984. Paints and Varnishes - Vocabulary - Part 1: General Terms.
Scope: This part of ISO defines general terms relating to paints, varnishes and related products and their raw materials.

ISO 4618-2: 1984. Paints and Varnishes - Vocabulary - Part 2: Terminology Relating to Initial Defects and to Undesirable Changes in Films During Ageing.
Scope: This part of ISO 4618 defines terms used to describe changes and initial defects in paint and varnish films, and paint and varnish systems...

ISO 4618-3: 1984. Paints and Varnishes - Vocabulary - Part 3: Terminology of Resins.
Scope: This part of ISO 4618 defines the terms used for resins. These definitions apply only to paints and varnishes, and certain terms have slightly different meaning in other fields.

References

ASTM D 9 - 87. (Reapproved 1992). Standard Terminology Relating to Wood.
Introduction: The definitions contained herein constitute a lexicon of terms of general interest. Definitions in more specialized wood products or process use will be found in other standards...

ASTM D 16 - 93A. 1993. Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products.
No scope statement.

ASTM D 123 - 93. Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles.
Intro: ...Definitions cover only special meanings used in the textile industry...Common meanings...can be found in dictionaries of general usage...

ASTM E 284-92. 1992. Standard Terminology of Appearance.
Scope: This terminology standard defines terms used in the description of appearance, including but not limited to color, gloss, opacity, scattering, texture, and visibility of both materials (ordinary, fluorescent, retroflective) and light sources (including visual display units).

ASTM D 883 - 92d. 1992. Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics.
Scope: This standard is a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the plastics industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included...

ASTM 1600 - 92a. 1992. Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics.
Scope: The purpose of this terminology is to provide uniform contractions of terms relating to plastics. Abbreviated terminology has evolved through widespread common usage...

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Testing: Exhibition Cases

References

ASTM D 2016. Test Method for the Moisture Content of Wood.

Discontinued 1989. Replaced by D 4442 and D 4444.

ASTM D 2369 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings.
Scope: This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the weight percent volatile constant of solvent-reducible and water-reducible coatings...

ASTM D2689 - 88. 1988. Standard Practices for Testing Alkyd Resins.
Scope: These practices cover test methods for testing alkyd resins...

ASTM D 4442 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials.
Scope: These test methods cover the determination of the moisture content (MC) of solid wood, veneer, and other wood base materials, including those that contain adhesives and chemical additives...

ASTM D 4444 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters.
Scope: These test methods apply to the measurement of moisture content of solid wood, including veneer, and wood products containing additives, that is, chemicals or adhesives...

Table of contents


Testing: Packaging and Shipping

References

ASTM D 642 - 90. 1990. Standard Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping Containers, Components and Unit Loads.
Scope: This test method covers compression tests on shipping containers, components or both. Shipping containers may be tested with or without contents.. The procedure can be used for measuring the ability of the container to resist external compressive loads applied to its faces, to diagonally opposite edges, or to corners...

ASTM D 775 - 80. Reapproved 1986. Standard Test Method for Drop Test for Loaded Boxes.
Scope: This procedure covers four procedures for the drop testing of loaded boxes...

ASTM D 880 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Method for Impact Testing For Shipping Containers and Systems.
Scope: This test method covers two procedures for conducting impact tests on loaded containers or shipping units...

ASTM D 951 - 88. 1988. Standard Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the water resistance of shipping containers...

ASTM D 996 - 92. 1992. Standard Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments.
Scope: This terminology is a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the packaging and distribution environments...

ASTM D 999 - 91. 1991. Standard Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers.
Scope: These methods cover vibration tests of filled shipping containers. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container, with its interior packing and means of closure, both in terms of its strength and of the protection it provides its contents when it is subjected to vibration such as it experiences in transportation...

These methods fulfil the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standards ISO 8318 and ISO 2247. The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for these methods.

ASTM D 1083 - 91. 1991. Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates.
Scope: These test methods are suitable for testing the integrity of large shipping cases and unitized loads as well as the ability of the contents to endure normal handling. Not all of the methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. The test methods described are applicable to common means of material handling...

Note: Some of the tests fulfil the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standards. The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for these methods.

ASTM D 1596 - 91. 1991. Standard Test Method for Dynamic Shock Cushioning Characteristics of Packaging Material.
Scope: This test method covers a procedure for obtaining shock cushioning characteristics of packaging materials through acceleration-time data achieved from dropping a falling guided platen assembly onto a motionless sample. This test method does not address any effects or contributions of exterior packaging assemblies...

ASTM D 2221 - 68. Reapproved 1984. Standard Test Method for Creep Properties of Package Cushioning Materials.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of package cushioning materials. It is applicable to materials available in bulk, sheet, or moulded form used for thew cushioning of articles during storage, handling and shipment.

ASTM D 3332 -88. 1988. Standard Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of Products, Using Shock Machines.
Scope: These test methods cover the determination of the shock fragility of products. This fragility information may be used in designing shipping containers for transporting the products...

ASTM D 4003 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems.
Scope: These test methods are intended to determine the ability of a package or product to withstand laboratory simulated horizontal impact forces...

ASTM D 4168 - 88. 1988. Standard Test Methods for Transmitted Shock Characteristics of Foam-in-Place Cushioning Materials.
Scope: These test methods determine the shock absorbing characteristics of foam-in-place packaging materials...

ASTM D 4169 - 92a. 1992. Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems.
Scope: This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures...

ASTM D 4332 - 89. 1989. Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing.
Scope: This practice provides for special conditioning and testing atmospheres that may be used to simulate particular field conditions that a container, package, or packaging component may encounter during its life or testing cycle...

ASTM D 4728 - 91. 1991. Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers.
Scope: This test method covers the random vibration testing of filled shipping units. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container with its interior packing and means of closure in terms of its ruggedness and the protection that it provides the contents when subjected to random vibrational inputs...

ASTM E 41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning
Scope: These definitions pertain to the conditioning of materials for test purposes...

ASTM E 171 - 87. 1987. Standard Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing Materials.
Scope: This specification defines the standard atmospheres for normal conditioning and testing of materials, at approximately ambient conditions...

ISO 2233: 1994. Packaging - Complete, Filled Transport Packages - Conditioning for Testing.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for the conditioning of complete, filled transport packages for testing.

ISO 2244: 1985. Packaging - Complete, Filled Transport Packages - Horizontal Impact Tests (Horizontal Impact Tests (Horizontal or Inclined Plane Test; Pendulum Test).
Scope: This International Standard specifies methods of horizontal impact testing (Horizontal or inclined plane test and pendulum test) on a complete, filled transport package...

ISO 8318: 1986. Packaging - Complete, Filled Transport Packages - Vibration Tests Using a Sinusoidal Variable Frequency.
Scope: This International Standard specifies two methods for carrying out a vibration test on a complete, filled transport package using a sinusoidal variable frequency. These tests may be used to assess the performance of a package in terms of its strength or the protection that it offers to its contents when it is subjected to vertical vibration.

ISO 2247: 1985. Packaging - Complete, Filled Transport Packages - Vibration Tests at Fixed Low Frequency.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for carrying out a vibration test on a complete, filled transport package. This test may be used to assess the performance of a package in terms of its strength or the protection that it offers to its content when it is subjected to vibration. It may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of vibration or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package to withstand a distribution system that includes a vibration hazard.

Note: Other methods of vibration testing of packages are being examined and will be considered for inclusion in this International Standard at a later date.

There are methods in use which reproduce the vibrating environment, but it would be desirable to have a method more closely representative of the environment, and if such a method were developed it would be scientifically preferable to the present procedure.

TAPPI T 483 cm-82. 1982. Odor of Packaging Materials.
Scope: The presence of foreign or objectionable odors in packaging materials which are to be used near food, drugs, etc. may be a serious matter. The determination of the type and source of the odor, and the level, is the objective of this test procedure. The most sensitive instrument presently available is the trained human nose, and the significance of test results will be directly proportional to the ability of a test panel organized for the purpose.

TAPPI T 801 om-88. 1988. Impact Resistance of Fiberboard Shipping Containers.
Scope: This method describes three procedures for making inclined plane impact tests on loaded fiberboard shipping containers...

TAPPI T 802 om-86 1986 Drop Test for Fiberboard Shipping Containers.
Scope: This method describes procedures for determining the ability of fiberboard containers to protect their contents and/or to withstand impact in free-fall drops. These procedures are specifically designed for controlled drop testing of solid fiber or corrugated shipping containers. They do not apply to cylindrical containers or cans made of fiber...

TAPPI T 805 om-89. 1989. Water Resistance of Fiberboard Shipping Containers (Spray Method).
Scope: This procedure describes a method for determining the water resistance of shipping containers by mens of a spray test.

TAPPI T 817 om-89. 1989. Vibration Test for Fiberboard Shipping Containers.
Scope: This method is used to study the effects of vibration which is encountered during transportation and handling of products, packages, and packaging materials...it does indicate the ability of a container, with its interior packaging and type of closure, to provide sufficient protection against damage to its contents...

References

Canadian Conservation Institute. 1992. Circular Slide Rule for Cusion Design AND PadCAD Computer Program for Cushion Design. Ottawa: CCI.
Collection care tools for the packing of items for shipment.

Mecklenburg, Marion L., ed. 1991. Art in Transit: Studies in the Transport of Paintings. International Conference on the Packing and Transportation of Paintings. September 9, 10 and 11, 1991, London. Washington: National Gallery of Art.
Compendium of new technical and theoretical information on the material properties of paintings and their responses to environment, vibration, shock, handling and stress. Useful information on protective technologies for packaging and transport.

Richard, Mervin, Marion F. Mecklenburg and Ross M. Merrill, eds. 1991. Art in Transit: Handbook for Packing and Transporting Paintings. Washington: National Gallery of Art.
Handbook in looseleaf format of direct and practical advice from the studies presented at the London Art in Transit conference as above.

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Copyright. The National Library of Canada. (Revised: 1996-12-11).