Table 2: Demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions and medication use of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and control subjects in sinus rhythm with or without a history of thrombotic stroke
Variable	Group; no. (and %) of patients*
	NVAF patients n = 75	Control patients
		Without history of stroke n = 31	With history of stroke n = 11
Demographic characteristics
Age, mean (and SD), yr	72.7  (8.9)§	65.0  (11.8)	65.0  (14.0)
Sex, % male	66.6||	38.7	63.6
Comorbid conditions
Coronary artery disease	19  (25.3)¶	2  (6.5)	0
Hypertension	28  (37.3)	16  (51.6)	6  (54.6)
Diabetes mellitus	11  (14.7)	2  (6.5)	2  (18.2)
Medication use
ACE inhibitors†	7  (9.3)	3  (9.7)	2  (18.2)
Beta-blockers	18  (24.0)	9  (29.0)	2  (18.2)
Calcium-channel blockers	17  (22.7)	5  (16.1)	0
Digoxin	60  (80.0)**	0	0
Diuretics	27  (36.0)	11  (35.5)	1  (9.1)
Insulin	1  (1.3)	0	0
Lipid-lowering drugs	1  (1.3)	0	2  (18.2)¶
Nitrates	8  (10.7)	1  (3.2)	0
NSAIDs‡	6  (8.0)	3  (9.7)	0
Oral hypoglycemic agents	7  (9.3)	0	1  (9.1)
Other vasodilators	1  (1.3)††	5  (16.1)	0
*Unless otherwise stated. †ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme. ‡NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. §p = 0.002, compared with control patients without prior stroke. p = 0.008, compared with control patients without prior stroke. ¶p = 0.02, compared with control patients without prior stroke. **p = 0.001, compared with control patients without prior stroke. ††p = 0.012, compared with control patients without prior stroke.

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