Table 2. Variables used in this study. Measurements are illustrated in Figure 2. For further discussions of functional indices, see Garland and Janis (1993) and Elissamburu and Vizcaíno (2004).

 
Code
Variable
Notes
FDML
Femur Diameter (Mediolateral) Midshaft
FL
Femur Length Greatest length
GTH
Greater Trochanter Height From proximalmost point to distalmost area of muscle insertion
HDML
Humerus Diameter (Mediolateral) Midshaft
HL
Humerus Length Greatest length
HWD
Humerus Width (Distal) Across widest portions of epicondyles
MT3L
Metatarsal III Length Greatest length
OL
Olecranon Length From the proximalmost point to midpoint of semilunar notch
TL
Tibia Length Greatest length
UDML
Ulna Diameter (Mediolateral) Midshaft
UL
Ulna Length Greatest length
BI
Brachial Index (UL/HL*100) Outlever/inlever ratio of forelimb; correlated with outvelocity
CI
Crural Index (TL/FL*100) Outlever/inlever ratio of hind limb; correlated with outvelocity
EI
Epicondyle Index
(HWD/HL*100)
Area of origin for muscles acting primarily on the elbow; correlated with outforce
FRI
Femur Robustness Index (FDML/FL*100) Relative thickness of femoral shaft and area of origin for knee extensors; correlated with outforce
GI
Gluteal Index (GTH/FL*100) Inlever/outlever ratio of femur; correlated with outvelocity
HRI
Humerus Robustness Index (HDML/HL*100) Relative thickness of humeral shaft and area of origin for eblow flexors and extensors; correlated with outforce
IFA
Index of Fossorial Ability
(OL/(UL-OL)*100)
Outlever/inlever ratio of antebrachium; correlated with outforce
MFI
Metatarsal/Femur Index
(MT3L/FL*100)
Relative length of pes; correlated with outvelocity