Inventory of HIV Incidence and Prevalence Studies in Canada

PDF version 169 Pages - 3,253 KB

Cat. HP40-2/2006E ISBN 0-662-43911-2 (On-line) Cat. HP40-2/2006E-PDF ISBN 0-662-43912-0

August 2006

Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division
Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
Infectious Diseases & Emergency Preparedness Branch
Public Health Agency of Canada

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August 1, 2006

Letter of introduction to recipients of the "Inventory of HIV Incidence and Prevalence Studies in Canada"

The Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division of the Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, has prepared this inventory in collaboration with HIV researchers across Canada. Data are updated biannually based on published reports, reports to research funding agencies, personal communications, and material that researchers have sent directly to the Division. In addition, principal investigators are consulted regarding summaries of their studies and related references.

In addition to this Inventory, the Division has also produced a series of Epi Updates that provide a synthesis of HIV/AIDS epidemiology and risk behaviour information for specific population groups (see Appendix B for the list of titles). The Epi Updates can be obtained from the Division and from the website at the following web address: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hips-ipvc06/index.html

If you have any further comments or questions regarding the inventory, please contact Stephen Cule at 613-957-1813.

I hope you find this inventory useful.

Yours sincerely,

Dr. Chris Archibald
Director

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Format
Glossary

1. Studies in General Population

   1.1 Sentinel hospital patients
   1.2 Voluntary testing
   1.3 Young adults
   1.4 Heterosexual populations
   1.5 Blood donors

2. Studies in Women

   2.1 Antenatal/newborn
   2.2 Women undergoing abortion

3. Studies in Ethnic Populations
4. Studies in Aboriginal People
5. Studies in Blood / Blood Product Recipients & Hemophiliacs

   5.1 Blood / blood product recipients
   5.2 Hemophiliacs

6. Studies in Populations with High Risk Behaviours

   6.1 Men who have sex with men
   6.2 Men who have sex with men/injection drug users
   6.3 Injection drug users
   6.4 STD clientele
   6.5 Inmates
   6.6 Street people / Low income
   6.7 Sex trade workers

Appendices

Appendix A: References
Appendix B: List of Titles of Epi Updates
Appendix C: Staff of the HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Section of the Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division

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Introduction

The purpose of the inventory is to present studies in a manner that allows for easy
comparison and to encourage and facilitate a more timely sharing of information. All of the studies included in this inventory are Canadian. To be included, studies had to meet certain inclusion criteria. First, the study had to be conducted in Canada. Second, all studies had to contain HIV prevalence or incidence data. And third, there had to be information about sampling method and data analysis.

Of the studies done in Canada to date, 141 have met the criteria for inclusion. There may be others, but these have yet to be located/published. Entries in the inventory are based on published reports or updates and have been checked with the respective principal investigator(s).

Many studies utilized unlinked, anonymous methodology1 under the following conditions:

1. The specimens used were collected for reasons other than the HIV testing. Only routinely collected information, unlinked from personal identifiers, was recorded.
2. Data were not analysed or reported for small populations if identification of individuals was a possibility
3. Studies were only carried out where voluntary testing was available
4. The population tested was informed of the research

Other studies have used confidential, coded or linked methodologies as well as chart reviews and supplementary questionnaires in order to collect more detailed information. Studies done more recently use new laboratory technologies (such as the detuned assay) to estimate HIV incidence among prevalent HIV-positive sample.

Certain studies used cohorts that were drawn from a larger at-risk population in order to study incidence trends over time. These studies frequently list prevalence at enrollment (baseline prevalence) and cumulative incidence along with incidence rate data as part of their results. However, since the cohort study is an attempt to assess incidence trends in at-risk seronegative populations over time, prevalence at enrollment may not be reflective of the prevalence rate in the at-risk population overall. If this is the case, prevalence at enrollment can only be taken as reflective of those individuals who are unaware of their serostatus or believe
themselves to be HIV-negative at entry into the cohort.

For more information, please refer to the Guidelines on ethical and legal considerations in anonymous unlinked HIV seroprevalence research prepared by the Federal Centre for AIDS Working Group on Anonymous Unlinked HIV Seroprevalence. Can Med Assoc J 1990;143:625-7 and Can Med Assoc J 1992;146:1743-4.