Population-Specific HIV/AIDS Status Report: People from Countries where HIV is Endemic - Black people of African and Caribbean descent living in Canada

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Table of Contents

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• PDF Version
  (714 KB, 98 pages)

• Foreword
• Executive Summary
• Acknowledgements
• List of Acronyms and Initialisms
• Chapter 1 – Introduction
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Methodology
  • 1.3 References
• Chapter 2 - Demographic Profile
  • 2.1 A brief history
  • 2.2 Population size and projected growth
  • 2.3 Geographic location
  • 2.4 Generational differences
  • 2.5 Trends in immigration
  • 2.6 Age
  • 2.7 Gender
  • 2.8 Language
  • 2.9 Education
  • 2.10 Employment
  • 2.11 Income
  • 2.12 Marital status
  • 2.13 References
• Chapter 3 – Status of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic among People from Countries Where HIV is Endemic
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean
  • 3.3 Overview of the epidemic in Canada: people from countries where HIV is endemic
  • 3.4 Representation of Black persons in various positive HIV test reports and AIDS cases exposure categories
    • 3.4.1 Men who have sex with men and injection drug use exposure categories
  • 3.5 Gender
  • 3.6 Perinatal transmission
  • 3.7 Age
  • 3.8 Immigration and HIV/AIDS surveillance
  • 3.9 Virus strain and drug resistance
  • 3.10 References
• Chapter 4 - Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS
  • 4.1 Determinants of health
    • 4.1.1 Income, education and employment
    • 4.1.2 Social support networks
    • 4.1.3 Social environments and culture
    • 4.1.4 Physical environments
    • 4.1.5 Personal health practices and coping skills
    • 4.1.6 Healthy child development
    • 4.1.7 Biology and genetic endowment
    • 4.1.8 Health services
    • 4.1.9 Gender
  • 4.2 Other factors that increase Black people’s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS
    • 4.2.1 Sexual violence
    • 4.2.2 Racism
    • 4.2.3 Immigration
  • 4.3 References
• Chapter 5 - Current HIV/AIDS Research
  • 5.1 Funded research
• Chapter 6 - The Response to HIV/AIDS Among People from Countries where HIV is Endemic
  • 6.1 Methodology
  • 6.2 The response to HIV/AIDS in Canada - overview
  • 6.3 Population-specifi c strategies
  • 6.4 Population-specifi c networks and coalitions
  • 6.5 Response analysis
    • 6.5.1 Geographic distribution of projects
    • 6.5.2 Age
    • 6.5.3 Immigration
    • 6.5.4 Socio-economic conditions
    • 6.5.5 Stigma, discrimination, cultural practices and norms infl uencing access to services
    • 6.5.6 Populations within the Black population
  • 6.6 References
• Chapter 7 – Conclusions
  • 7.1 Reference
• Comprehensive Reference List
• Appendix A
  • List of HIV-Endemic Countries
• Appendix B
  1. Search terms
  2. Databases searched
  3. Key websites
• Appendix C
  • Information-gathering template
• Appendix D
  • Organizations involved in the response to HIV/AIDS among people from countries where HIV is Endemic – Black people of African and Caribbean descent living in Canada

List of Figures and Tables

• Figure 1: Population Categories
• Figure 2: Distribution of the Black population by provinces/territories and national proportional distribution, 2001
• Figure 3: Annual number of immigrants to Canada from Caribbean Countries, 1950-2001
• Figure 4: Annual number of immigrants to Canada from sub-Saharan Africa, 1950-2001
• Figure 5: Proportion of immigrant population by period of arrival and region of origin, Canada 2001
• Figure 6: Regions of birth for Black immigrant populations, Canada 2001
• Figure 7: Hierarchy of Risk
• Figure 8: Estimated number of prevalent HIV cases in Canada by exposure category, 2005
• Figure 9: Number of positive HIV test reports attributed to the HIV-endemic exposure subcategory and proportion of all HIV-positive test reports by year, 1998-2006
• Figure 10: Number of reported AIDS cases attributed to the HIV-endemic exposure subcategory and proportion of all AIDS cases by year, 1998-2004
• Figure 11: Number of reported AIDS cases by province/territory and national proportional distribution of total AIDS cases for the HIV-endemic exposure subcategory, cumulative to December 31, 2006
• Figure 12: Number and proportion of reported HIV cases by exposure category and race/ethnicity, Toronto, 1980-2004 and Ottawa, 1983-2004
• Figure 13: Total AIDS cases for all exposure categories within the Black race/ethnicity group in Ontario, 1981-2004
• Figure 14: Number and proportion of HIV diagnoses among females by year of diagnosis and exposure category, Ontario 2005
• Figure 15: Cumulative number of Canadian perinatally HIV-exposed infants by ethnic status, 1984-2006
• Figure 16: Proportion of HIV-positive tests received through IME and geographic location of birth of applicant, January 15, 2002 to December 31, 2006
• Figure 17: HIV strains
• Figure 18: HIV-1 B and non-B strain distribution in Canada 1984 – March 31, 2005
• Figure 19: HIV-1 B and non-B strain distribution in the HIV-endemic exposure subcategory in Canada 1984 – March 31, 2005
• Figure 20: Project breakdown according to organization categories
• Table 1: Black population by age group and immigrant status, Canada 2001

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