WMD Possessors and Aspirants
Five states, the "P-5", are defined as nuclear weapon states under the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): Britain, China, France, US
and Russia. At least three more are de facto nuclear
weapon possessors (the D-3): India, Pakistan
and Israel. These eight have the most advanced missile programmes and
have also had, and in some cases may continue to have, biological and/or
chemical weapons or programmes.
Several further states are viewed as of proliferation concern or have
programmes which have been exposed and are now being addressed and dismantled.
These include: Iraq, Iran, North Korea (DPRK), Libya and Syria.
This section gives news, analyses or documentation relating to the possession,
proliferation or aspirations to acquire nuclear, chemical or biological
weapons by states or groups other than Britain and the United States, which are covered in separate detail. This
replaces previously separate features on Iraq, South Asia and Russia,
but provides links to past coverage of those states or regions.
Latest Addition
Iran
Iran: Recent Documents and Statements
Following Iran's resumption of activities at its uranium conversion facility
at Isfahan (see: Iran's Nuclear Programme: EU-3 Snubbed as Iran begins
Uranium Conversion at Isfahan, Disarmament Diplomacy, Issue No. 80,
Autumn 2005), the September meeting of the IAEA Board of Governors has
adopted a resolution on the implementation of safeguards in the Islamic
Republic of Iran, which finds Iran to be in "non compliance" with its
NPT safeguards.
The resolution, which was adopted by a vote of 22 in favour, 1 against
and 12 abstentions, fell short of directly referring Iran to the UN Security
Council, stating that its nuclear programme had "given rise to questions
that are within the competence of the Security Council". Earlier drafts
had called for more extensive Security Council involvement.
Following the meeting IAEA Director General Dr Mohamed ElBaradei stated
that, "Everyone acknowledged that the issue remains very much here in
Vienna, that there is ample room here, still, for negotiations, that the
issue has not been deferred to the Security Council."
Since the September IAEA meeting, Russia has reportedly proposed to Iran
that instead of being enriched at home, converted uranium (UF6), would
be enriched in Russia and then sent back to Iran. The US appears now to
have given its support to this proposal, in a briefing by National Security
Advisor Stephen Hadley below. The EU3 are now seeking to resume negotiations
with Iran in December.
Recent Statements and Resolutions
- '[R]obust verification by the Agency,
combined with active dialogue', IAEA Director General Dr Mohamed ElBaradei
on Iran, November 24, 2005
- '[T]he [IAEA] Board cannot and should
not have unlimited patience', US Statement to the IAEA Board of Governors,
November 24-25, 2005
- UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, evidence
on Iran, Liaison Committee, November 18, 2005
- 'This is not the sign of a peaceful
program,' US Ambassador Schulte on Iran, November 17, 2005
- US National Security Advisor Stephen
Hadley on Iran's nuclear programme, November 17, 2005
- Iran: Statement by the Presidency
on behalf of EU leaders meeting at Hampton Court, October 27, 2005
- IAEA Resolution on Iran's 'non compliance'
with NPT safeguards, September 24, 2005
- IAEA Director-General Dr Mohamed
ElBaradei Statement on Iran, September 24, 2005
- US Under Secretary for Political
Affairs Nicholas Burns statement on the IAEA vote, September 24,
2005
- IAEA Board of Governors, US Statement,
September, 2005
- IAEA Board of Governors, EU Presidency
Statement, September 21, 2005
- Text of unofficial U.S.-UK draft
resolution on Iran nuclear issue, September 20, 2005
- UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw on
Iran, September 18, 2005
- President of the Islamic Republic
of Iran Dr. Mahmood Ahmadinejad speech to the United Nations General
Assembly, September 17, 2005
- 'This is solely the
work of US prejudice', Iranian Ambassador to Britain Mohammad Hossein
Adeli, September 8, 2005
- Implementation of the NPT Safeguards
Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Report by the IAEA Director-General,
September 2, 2005
- '[A]ll options are on the table',
President George W. Bush on Iran, August 12, 2005
- Statement by Iran to the IAEA Board
of Governors meeting, August 12, 2005
- 'Implementation of the NPT Safeguards
Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran and related Board resolutions',
IAEA Board of Governors, August 11, 2005
- IAEA Director General Dr Mohamed
ElBaradei on Iran, August 11, 2005
- Statement by the United Kingdom on
behalf of the EU at the IAEA Board of Governors, August 9, 2005
- Russia's Foreign Ministry Spokesperson
Mikhail Kamynin on Iran, August 9, 2005
- EU3 Proposal to Iran and Iran's response,
August 5, 2005
- G8 Statement on Non-Proliferation,
Gleneagles Summit, July 6 - 8, 2005
Iran: Previous IAEA Statements and Resolutions
- IAEA Director-General statement concerning
Iran, June 14, 2005
- '[A] confidence deficit has been
created', IAEA Director General Dr Mohamed ElBaradei on Iran, February
28, 2005
- Implementation of the NPT Safeguards
Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Resolution adopted by
the IAEA Board of Governors, November 29, 2004
- IAEA Resolution on Iran, September
18, 2004
- 'Agency experts have raised questions
and doubts regarding the explanations provided by Iran', IAEA Resolution
on Iran, June 18, 2004
- IAEA Director-General Dr Mohamed
ElBaradei statement to the IAEA Board of Governors, June 14, 2004
- '[G]ood progess', IAEA Director
General's report on Iran for the IAEA Board of Governors, June 1, 2004
- 'IAEA and Iran Agree on Action Plan',
April 7, 2004
- 'Serious concern' as the IAEA addresses
Iran's nuclear programme, IAEA Board of Governors meeting, March
13, 2004
- Iran Signs Additional Protocol on
Nuclear Safeguards, December 18, 2003
Iran: Previous US Statements
- 'A strong unified message to the
Iranians', President Bush and Chancellor Schroeder, June 27, 2005
- US Secretary of State Condoleezza
Rice on Iran, Iraq and North Korea, May 27, 2005
- US Policy Toward Iran, Under Secretary
for Political Affairs R. Nicholas Burns statement before the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee, May 26, 2005
- US Secretary of State Condoleezza
Rice and UK Foreign Minister Jack Straw on Iran, May 19, 2005
- President Bush on Iran and North
Korea, April 28, 2005
- 'U.S. to Lift Objections Against
Iranian Bid to Join the WTO', US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
interview, March 11, 2005
- 'Are you prepared to do tough things
to make sure that they don't get a nuclear weapon?' US Secretary
of State Condoleezza Rice on the EU and Iran, March 11, 2005
- 'Iran's cooperation falls far short
of the standard and expectations set forth in this Board's last resolution',
US Ambassador Jackie Wolcott Sanders, March 2, 2005
- Attack on Iran is 'not on the agenda
at this point', US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, February
4, 2005
- '[T]he U.S. reserves all of its options
with respect to Security Council', US Ambassador Jackie Sanders
on Iran, January 28, 2005
Iran: Previous European Statements
- E3-EU/Iran meeting, Statement by
French Minister of Foreign Affairs Michel Barnier, May 25, 2005
- 'I've got no intention of bombing
their nuclear installations or anything else', British Prime Minister
Tony Blair on Iran, May 3, 2005
- 'I then made it absolutely clear
that I could envisage no circumstances in which military action would
be justified', UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw MP on Iran, November
9, 2004
- '[N]ot only is that inconceivable
I think the prospect of it happening is inconceivable', UK Foreign
Secretary Jack Straw MP on the possibility of an attack on Iran, November
4, 2004
- French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
on Iran, November 2, 2004
Iran: Coverage in Disarmament Diplomacy
- Iran's Nuclear Programme: EU-3 Snubbed as Iran begins
Uranium Conversion at Isfahan, Disarmament Diplomacy, Issue No.
80, Autumn 2005
- IAEA Censure as Iran Moves Closer
to the Brink, including:
- IAEA Resolution on Iran, June
2004, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.78, July/August 2004
- Iran: the Saga Continues, Disarmament
Diplomacy, No. 77, May/June 2004
- Iran, Libya, and Pakistan's Nuclear
Supermarket, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.75, January/February 2004
- Addressing Iran's Nuclear Programme:
the US, IAEA, and European Foreign Ministers, Disarmament Diplomacy,
No.74, December 2003
- IAEA Adopts Critical Resolution
in Deepening Crisis over Iran's Nuclear Programme, Disarmament Diplomacy,
No.73, October - November 2003
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North Korea
Joint Statement on North Korea's Nuclear Programme, September 19, 2005
The fourth round of Six Party talks on North Korea's nuclear programme
resumed from September 13 - 19, 2005, and succeeded in agreeing a Joint
Statement, reaffirming the goal of "verifiable denuclearization of the
Korean peninsula" and "agreed to discuss, at an appropriate time, the
subject of the provision of light water reactor to the DPRK".
However, since the statement was agreed, North Korea has issued a statement,
demanding that the US "should not even dream of the issue of the DPRK's
dismantlement of its nuclear deterrent before providing LWRs [Light Water
Reactors]" - one of the sticking points during the talks.
The first phase of the fifth round of six party talks took place from
November 9 - 11, 2005. US Chief Negotiator Christopher Hill has described
the next steps as, "discussions on key elements of the Joint Statement,
especially regarding DPRK actions to declare and dismantle its nuclear
weapons program, and actions that the international community will take
to verify that dismantlement. We will also begin to consider economic
cooperation, energy assistance and a normalization process. We will be
drawing up time-lines and sequencing of actions."
- President Bush and South Korea President
Roh on North Korea's nuclear programme, November 17, 2005
- US Assistant Secretary Christopher
Hill on the fifth round of Six Party Talks, November 11, 2005
- Six Party Talks on North Korea's
nuclear programme, fifth round of talks, November 9-11, 2005
- US Assistant Secretary Christopher
R. Hill on the Six Party Talks on North Korea's nuclear programme,
October 6, 2005
- 'The U.S. should not even dream of
the issue of the DPRK's dismantlement of its nuclear deterrent before
providing LWRs', North Korea on the Six Party Talks, September 20,
2005
- US Secretary of State Condoleezza
Rice on the North Korea agreement, September 19, 2005
- Joint Statement on North Korea's
nuclear programme, September 19, 2005
- Six Party Talks on North Korea's
nuclear programme, Selected Comment, September 13 - 19, 2005
- Six Party Talks on North Korea's
nuclear programme: Chair's Statement, August 7, 2005
- Six Party Talks on North Korea's
nuclear programme: Selected Statements from the Six Parties, July
26 - August 7, 2005
- Six Party Talks on North Korea's
nuclear programme: US Opening Statement by Assistant Secretary of State
Christopher R. Hill, July 26, 2005
- US Secretary of State Condoleezza
Rice and South Korean Foreign Ministry Ban Ki-Moon on North Korea,
July 13, 2005
- North Korea agrees to return to Six
Party Talks, July 9, 2005
Previous meetings of the Six Party Talks
- North Korea stalls on Six-Party talks,
September 16, 2004
- North Korea pulls out of Six Party
working group, August 16, 2004
- Six Party Talks on North Korea's
nuclear programme, Third Plenary Session, June 23-26, 2004
- The Second Round of Six-Party Talks
on the North Korea Nuclear Crisis, Beijing, February 25-28: Statements
and Comment
- Six-Party Talks on the North Korea
Nuclear Crisis, Beijing, August 27-29: Statements and Comment
North Korea: Coverage in Disarmament Diplomacy
- North Korea's Nuclear Programme:
Continuing obstacles in Six Party Talks, Disarmament Diplomacy,
No 80, Autumn 2005
- Slow Road to Nowhere: North Korea and
the Six Party Nuclear Talks, Disarmament Diplomacy, No. 79,
April/May 2005
- One step Forward, Two steps Back:
Six Party Talks on North Korea's Nuclear Programme, including:
- Chair's Statement of the Third
Round of the Six-Party Talks, June 26, 2004, Disarmament Diplomacy,
No.78, July/August 2004
- Little Progress as North Korea Working
Group Meets, Disarmament Diplomacy, Issue No.77, May/June
2004
- "Differences, difficulties and contradictions"
at North Korea nuclear talks, Disarmament Diplomacy, Issue
No.76, March/April 2004
- North Korea: Six Party Nuclear Talks
Delayed, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.75, January/February 2004
- North Korea's Nuclear Brinkmanship,
Disarmament Diplomacy, No.74, December 2003
- North Korea Nuclear Talks End In
Stalemate, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.73, October - November
2003
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Iraq
Iraq: Coverage in Disarmament Diplomacy
- Two Terrifying Reports: The US Senate
and the 9/11 Commission on Intelligence Failures Before September 11
and the Iraq War
by Joseph Cirincione, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.78, July/August 2004
- Lord Butler's Report on UK Intelligence
by Stephen Pullinger, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.78, July/August 2004
- Iraq's illusive WMD, Disarmament
Diplomacy No.77, May/June 2004
- WMD in Iraq: Evidence and Implications,
by Alexis Orton and Joseph Cirincione, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.75,
January/February 2004
- Lord Hutton Reports on the Death
of Dr David Kelly, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.75, January/February
2004
- UK Debates Iraq War, WMD and Defence
Policy, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.74, December 2003
Iraq: Documents & Statements
- Comprehensive Report, Special Advisor
to the Director of Central Intelligence on Iraq's WMD, September
23, 2004
- US Secretary of State Colin Powell
on Iraq and Iran, September 29, 2004
- France on the proposed international
Iraq conference, September 28, 2004
- The 'new conflict' in Iraq, UK Prime
Minister Tony Blair, September 19, 2004
- '[T]he weight of legal advice here
is that a fresh mandate may well be required,' UK Foreign Secretary
Jack Straw's letter to Tony Blair before the Iraq war, leaked and published
in the Telegraph, September 18, 2004
- 'It was illegal,' UN Secretary-General
Kofi Annan on the Iraq war, September 16, 2004
- 'Collective' Misjudgements, the Butler
Report finds 'Serious Flaws' in the UK's Iraq intelligence, July 14,
2004
- Senate Intelligence Committee Report
on Pre-War Intelligence on Iraq, July 9, 2004
- UN Security Council Resolution 1546
on Iraq, June 8
- '[T]he majority of Iraqis with whom
we met stressed that the problem of insecurity cannot be solved through
military means alone', UN Special Adviser to the Secretary-General Lakdhar
Brahimi briefs the Security Council on Iraq, June 7
- Full text of the 'Article 15-6 Investigation
of the 800th Military Police Brigade', also known as the Taguba report,
after the general who led this investigation, Major General Antonio
M. Taguba
- 'You have placed US diplomats, civilians
and military doing their jobs overseas in an untenable and even dangerous
position', US former diplomats' letter to President Bush, May 4
- US and British Inquiries into WMD
Intelligence, February 6
- '[W]e may have overestimated the
progress Saddam was making', CIA Director George Tenet on Iraq and WMD,
February 5
- 'Rumsfeld Says Iraq Weapons Inspectors
Need More Time', February 4
- 'I, too, want to know the facts',
President Bush on Iraq WMD intelligence, January 30
- '[W]e were almost all wrong', David
Kay on Iraq and WMD, January 28
- 'I believe the intelligence was correct',
UK Prime Minister Tony Blair on Iraq and WMD, January 2004
Acronym Institute coverage of Iraq from 1998 - 2003 is available at:
http://www.acronym.org.uk/iraq.
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South Asia
South Asia: Coverage in Disarmament Diplomacy
South Asia: Documents & Statements
Acronym Institute coverage of South Asia from 1998 - 2003 is available
at: http://www.acronym.org.uk/sasia/index.htm.
Libya: Documents & Analysis
- Libya: Gadafy's Gamble appears to
pay off, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.77, May/June 2004
- Libya: the first real case of deproliferation
in the Middle East? Disarmament Diplomacy, No.77, May/June 2004
- Iran, Libya, and Pakistan's Nuclear
Supermarket, Disarmament Diplomacy, No.75, January/February 2004
- Libya declares its intention to dismantle
its Weapons of Mass Destruction, December 19
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Syria: Documents & Analysis
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Russia: Documents & Statements
- 'Russian leaders regard the maintenance
of fighting ability and readiness of strategic nuclear forces as their
top priority task', Russian Defence Minister Ivanov, July 13, 2004
- '[N]ew hypersound-speed, high-precision
new weapons systems that can hit targets at intercontinental distance
and can adjust their altitude and course as they travel', President
Vladimir Putin on Russian missile tests, February 18
- '[A]ssertion of multilateralism in
international relations, the strengthening of the role of the UN and
international law', Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov sets out Russia's
foreign policy priorities for 2004, February 12
- 'The War Was Not Inevitable', Russian
Minister of Foreign Affairs Igor Ivanov, January 19
Acronym Institute coverage of US-Russia relations from 2001 - 2003 is
available at: http://www.acronym.org.uk/start/index.htm.
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France: Documents & Statements
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© 2005 The Acronym Institute.
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