Bulletin 25, 1975

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Modern Gothic in Canada

by R. H. Hubbard

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Notes

1 Cf: Alan Gowans, Building Canada, an Architectural History of Canadian Life (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1966), pp. 115, 132-134, pl. 194.

2 The Building News, 8 April, 20 May, 27 May, 3 June, 10 June, 24 June, 22 July 1892 ; Ralph Adams Cram, Church Building, a Study of the Principles of Architecture in their Relation to the Church, 3rd ed. (Boston: Marshall Jones, 1924), pls cxxi, cxxiv; Journal, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (JRAIC), vol. v, no.10 (October 1928), pp. 376-378; Basil F. L. Clark, Anglican Cathedrals Outside the British Isles (London: SPCK, 1948), pp. 81-93.

3 The author is indebted to Mr. W. E. Ireland, Provincial Librarian and Archivist, Victoria, B.C., for additional information on Keith's biography and on the Victoria competition. Born at Nairn, Keith lived at Lincoln and at Wallasey, Cheshire; he studied with Alexander Ross (architect of Inverness Cathedral) and in London. JRAIC, vol. XVIII, no. 1 (January 1941), p. 14 (obituary).

4 JRAIC, vol. XIV, no. 6 (June 1937), pp. 106-108.

5 "Trinity College Chapel, Toronto, Ontario," JRAIC, vol. XXXIII, no. 12 (December 1956), pp. 466-467.

6 Charles D. Maginnis, ed., The Work of Cram and Ferguson, Architects (New York: Pencil Points Press, 1929); Ralph Adams Cram, ed., American Church Building of Today (New York: Architectural Publishing Co., 1929); Arthur Tappan North, ed., Ralph Adams Cram (New York: Whittlesey House, 1931); Ralph Adams Cram, My Life in Architecture (Boston: Little, Brown, 1936).

7 Cram, Church Building, chs. I-X.

8 Ibid., chs. XI-XIII; Cram, My Life in Architecture, passim.

9 Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1958), p. 400.

10 Peter Anson, Fashions in Church Furnishings, 1840-1940 (London: Faith Press, 1960), p. 300.

11 "Accepted Design for Halifax Cathedral," Christian Art, vol. l (1907), pp. 14-15; Royal Architect, vol. IV, no.3 (March 1911), drawing reproduced p. 107; Cram, Church Building, p. 245; Clark, op. cit., p. 53; Anson, op. cit., pp. 300-301.

12 Cram, My Life in Architecture, p. 74; R. L. Daniels, Saint Mary's Church, Walkerville (Windsor, Ontario: 1954).

13 Cram, Church Building, p. 222.

14 Ibid., p. 245; Clark, op. cit., p. 61.

15 Another American architect represented in Canada is Charles Donagh Maginnis (1869-1955), whom Cram admired (Church Building, pp. 239, 243, 320, 322). The Church of the Ascension, Westmount, Montreal, was designed by Maginnis & Walsh in 1928 (JRAIC, vol. v, no.6 [June 1928], pp. 212-213, fig. 5).

16 J. M. Lyle, "Sproatt & Rolph, and Appreciation," JRAIC, vol. II, no. 4 (July-August 1925), pp. 126-127; C. T. Currelly, "Henry Sproatt, 1867-1934," JRAIC, vol. XI, no. 10 (October 1934), p. 151; Ian Montagnes, An Uncommon Fel1owship, the Story of Hart House (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969), pp. 20 ff.

17 The precise nature of Sproatt's association with Cram is not clear. Some accounts (Montagnes, op. cit., p. 20) state that he worked in the office of Cram & Goodhue in New York; but the period of his sojurn (1886-1888) antedates Cram's opening of an office in Boston (1890), let alone New York. It would be unlikely in any case that Sproatt would have been a pupil of a man of his own age. The two young men could, however, have met in New York at the time of the competition for the Cathedral of St John the Divine (1887).

18 E.g. the Renaissance design of the Canada Life Assurance building, Toronto, and the Regency of the National Research Council, Ottawa.

19 Quote din Currelly, op. cit.

20 Sixth Exhibition of the Toronto Society of Architects (Toronto, 1912) (TSA), nos 220, 221, 225, the library illustrated p. 47; C. H. C. Wright, "The University of Toronto," JRAIC, vol. II, no.1 (January-February 1925), p. 12, Burwash Hall illustrated p. 10; R. H. Hubbard, The National Gallery of Canada Catalogue of Paintings and Sculpture, Vol. 3 (Ottawa; 1960), p. 415 (drawing for Burwash Hall and residences reproduced); Vincent Massey, What's Past is Prologue (Toronto: Macmillan, 1963), pp. 41-44.

21 J. M. Lyle, "Canadian Architecture," JRAIC, vol. IV, no. 2 (February 1927), pp. 62-63.

22 Massey, op. cit., pp. 24-25, 52-57. Hart House was named for Vincent Massey's grandfather Hart A. Massey (1823-1896).

23 TSA, no. 224; Construction, vol. VIII, no.5 (May 1920), issue devoted to Hart House; Hart House, University of Toronto (Toronto, 1921); J. B. Bickersteth, "Hart House," Architectural Forum, vol. XL, no. 1 (January 1924), pp. 11-17; Wright, op. cit., pp. 8-9, 15-18; Lyle, "Canadian Architecture," p. 63; Montagnes, op. cit., ch. I.

24 Lyle, "Canadian Architecture," pp. 63-67; E. R. Arthur, "Toronto Chapter, O. A. A., Architectural Exhibition," JRAIC, vol. IV, no. 4 (April 1927), pp. 141-144.

25 Lyle, "Canadian Architecture," pp. 63-64; Lyle, "Sproatt & Rolph," pp. 133-135; Ontario Association of Architects, Exhibition of Architecture and Applied Arts (Toronto: Art Gallery of Toronto [OAA], 1929), nos 204-205 (reredos only).

26 C. B. Sproatt, "Emmanuel College and Residences, Victoria University, Toronto," JRAIC, vol. IX, no.8 (August 1932), pp. 180-188.

27 The interior is illustrated in JRAIC, vol. XII, no.12 (December 1935), p. 194.

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