Introduction

Coal Markets Develop

Problems Arise

The Tide Turns

Footnotes

   ¹Eric Newsome, The Coal Coast: The History of Coal Mining in B.C. – 1835-1900 (Victoria BC: Orca Book Publishers, 1989) 18.

   ²Lynne Bowen, Robert Dunsmuir: Laird of the Mines (Montreal: XYZ Publishing, 1999) 12.

   ³Lynne Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams (Lantzville BC: Oolichan Books, 1987) 70.

   ⁴Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 16-17.

   ⁵Newsome 26.

   ⁶T. C. Barker, "Transport: The Survival of the Old Beside the New," The First Industrial Revolutions, ed. Peter Mathias and John Davis (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1989) 99.

   ⁷Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 16.

   ⁸Barry M. Gough, "Fort Rupert, Its Coal and Its Spar Trades," The Company on the Coast, ed. E. Blanche Norcross (Nanaimo BC: Nanaimo Historical Society, 1983) 37.

   ⁹Newsome 22.

   ¹⁰Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 18.

   ¹¹Bowen, Robert Dunsmuir 36, 43.

   ¹²Jean Barman, The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia, rev. ed. (Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1996) 66.

   ¹³Bowen, Robert Dunsmuir 10-11.

   ¹⁴Terry Reksten, The Dunsmuir Saga (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1991) 7, 10-11.

   ¹⁵Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 28-29.

   ¹⁶Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 31-33.

   ¹⁷Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 37-41.

   ¹⁸The Kwakwak’wakw people of Northern Vancouver Island were formerly known as the Kwakiutl.

   ¹⁹Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 44.

   ²⁰Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 29.

   ²¹Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 46.

   ²²Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 45-47.

   ²³Reksten 12.

   ²⁴Bowen, Robert Dunsmuir 25-26.

   ²⁵Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 63.

   ²⁶Bowen, Three Dollar Dreams 57-58.

   ²⁷Delphin Muise, Coal Mining in Canada: A Historical and Comparative Overview (Ottawa ON: National Museum of Science and Technology, 1996) 9.

   ²⁸Newsome 41-43.

   ²⁹H. Keith Ralston, "Miners and Managers: The Organization of Coal Production on Vancouver Island by the Hudson’s Bay Company, 1848-1862," The Company on the Coast 51.

  ³⁰Newsome 43-47.

   ³¹Ralston 48-52.

   ³²Newsome 59.

   ³³British Columbia, Ministry of Energy & Mines, "Production Report: Douglas Seam Mines," MINFILE 092GSW029 (29 Nov. 1999): n. pg., online, Internet, 25 July 2000, available em.gov.bc.ca.