The Meguma Group
This sedimentary group has been divided into two groups, a siliceous basal part called the Goldenville Formation and a finer upper part, named the Halifax Formation. The name of this group is derived from the root of a Mi’kmaq word.
This group was formed during the Cambrian and Ordovician periods 570 to 438 million years ago. Half of Digby County’s land mass consists of this group running along the shore of St. Mary’s Bay from Salmon River up to Upper Clements in Annapolis Royal.
The Goldenville Formation consists of greywacke, quartzite, slate, schist and gneiss rocks. While the Halifax Formation consists of slate, schist and magmatite rocks.
White Rock Formation
In the Silurian period, 438 to 408 million years ago, one or more volcanic centres developed along the coast near what is now Yarmouth. A series of layers built up composed of lavas and ash (50%), sandstone and mudstone (50%). These are jointly called the White Rock Formation. They are preserved in a series of troughs at Cape St. Mary, along the Sissiboo River and at Bear River.
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