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![]() Compendium for Improving Environmental Regulation: An Environment
Canada Perspectives Paper
[ << ] [ Table of Contents ] [ >> ] B. Regulatory Development and ProcessConvergence - Key ExperienceVehicle Emissions and Fuel Harmonization
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Title of Regulatory Initiative Description and Objectives of Initiative In Canada and the U.S., the federal government has the authority to regulate new vehicles emission standards and the composition of fuels. U.S. standards for emissions have been made progressively more stringent since the 1970's due to domestic environmental pressures. Canada has by and large followed the U.S. and adopted its standards for vehicle emissions with modifications. Seen as the least cost approach to regulation in the North American market, harmonization for standards in this area has received support from the business community. Since harmonization has resulted in more stringent standards for Canada in was also supported by ENGOs. On fuels, the U.S. led on requirements for lead free gasoline while Canada moved first on significant reductions in sulphur in gasoline. Thus improvements in standards with respect to the composition of fuels moved forward more or less in similar time frames in both countries. Improvements in standards for fuels were resisted by the business community in Canada on a number of occasions. Sector(s) Affected Involvement of/Impact on Other Jurisdictions or Federal OGDs Assessment of the Initiative |
Title of Regulatory Initiative Description and Purpose of Initiative The NSNR specify the information that must be provided to meet notification obligations applying to a wide range of substances, including both chemicals and polymers (in effect since 1994) and products of biotechnology (in effect since 1997). Any person who plans to import or manufacture a substance subject to notification under the NSNR must provide a notification package containing all information prescribed in the NSNR prior to import or manufacture, as well as the prescribed fee if applicable. The type of information required and the timing of the notification will depend on such factors as the type of substance, the quantity that will be imported or manufactures, whether or not it is listed on the Non-domestic Substances List (NSDL), the intended use of the substance and the circumstances associated with its introduction. When a notification package is received, a joint assessment process is carried out by Environment Canada and Health Canada to determine potential adverse effects of the substance on the environment and human health. The assessment process, which must be completed within a time limit specified by the NSNR, results in either:
Substances suspected of being toxic may be controlled by one of the measures laid out in CEPA 1999 including:
When it is suspected that a significant new activity (SNAc) in relation to the substance may result in the substance becoming toxic, a SNAc notice may be issued for the substance. Over 10,000 new substance notifications have been received under the NSNR since 1994. In 2002, 991 notifications were received. Assessment of the Initiative A multistakeholder consultative process was therefore initiated in 1999 to identify, discuss and develop consensus recommendations on ways to improve the NSNR and Program. The consultative process spanned over a two-year period and featured balanced representation from government, industry, and public advocacy groups. Seventy-six (76) consensus recommendations resulted from the consultations, as shown in the document 'Consultations on the CEPA New Substances Notification Regulations and New Substances Program - Final Report of the Multistakeholder Consultations'. At the outset of the consultations, early agreement was achieved on the objectives of the consultations, the boundaries of the scope of consultations, procedural rules, and guiding principles to be weighed while making recommendations for change. The issues to be discussed were organised into five understandable and manageable themes:
Recommendations from the consultations concern revisions to the Regulations and Guidelines, changes in program procedures, increased transparency, further collaboration with industry on various issues, and intensifying international collaboration. Many of the recommendations touch on program policy and procedures, regulatory approach, and resource allocations. Some of the recommendations will be relatively easy to implement, others will be a challenge. The changes to the NSNR and accompanying Guidelines will result in high standards for the protection of the environment and human health and timely, predictable and transparent program, while ensuring effective and efficient use of Government and Industry resources in a global marketplace. The Government's response to the 76 consensus recommendations is documented in the report 'Consultations on the CEPA New Substances Notification Regulations and New Substances Program - Environment Canada/Health Canada Response to the Consultation Recommendations.' This document describes key considerations and directions the departments intend to pursue in the implementation of the recommendations. The departments' overall approach for proceeding with the implementation of the recommendations is based on relative priority, timing, and ease of implementation. Highlights of the recommendations include: For industry, the development of smarter regulation by:
For the public Simpler regulations;
The EC/HC Response commits both departments to pursue the implementation of the consensus recommendations in the most appropriate fashion, under various timelines. Anticipated payoffs include smarter regulations, a more efficient and transparent program, and improved services to clients. Other Comments
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Title of Regulatory Initiative Description and Objectives of Initiative WAPPRIITA and the Wild Animal and Plant Trade Regulations came into effect in 1996 and address the species to be protected by the Act and the permit requirements to authorize international movement of these species. On January 15, 2000, amendments were made to the Wild Animal and Plant Trade Regulations to improve the administration and enforcement of CITES in three areas: permit exemptions, labelling provisions and administrative matters. The objectives were: to streamline processes and eliminate controls that create an inconvenience for the public and increase costs to Government, while providing little conservation benefit for wildlife. The exemptions resulted in the elimination of the need to obtain CITES permits for certain personal and household effects under certain conditions. There are a relatively small number of non-commercial personal and household effects associated with the movements of the tens of thousands of people that enter and leave Canada each day. Therefore, the effort spent trying to monitor and enforce this situation with respect to CITES-regulated species would be better spent on commercial shipments, which present a greater risk of harm to species in trade. Most activities covered by the exemptions and personally owned pet provisions present a low risk to the species involved. The amendments implemented exemptions from CITES permit requirements for specific types of personal and household effects and personally-owned pets, including tourist souvenirs and black bear and sandhill crane hunting trophies being taken between Canada and the United States by hunters who are residents of Canada and the United States. Sector(s) Affected Involvement of/Impact on Other Jurisdictions or Federal OGDs Key Stakeholders Assessment of the Initiative The amendment has resulted in a 40% reduction in the number of CITES permits issued in Canada at the federal, provincial and territorial levels. |
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