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ASTM 549 - 88. 1988. Test Methods for Rosin in Paper and Paperboard.
Scope: These test methods cover qualitative and quantitative determinations of rosin (colophony) in paper and paperboard. The qualitative tests indicate the presence or absence of rosin soap added as a sizing agent. The quantitative procedure give the total rosin, which consists of the natural rosins in the pulp from which the paper was made plus any rosin added as sizing...
CPPA Standard J.6. Recommended Method 1945. Revised, Reprinted 1988. Analysis of Alum.
...The paper industry, which is by far the major consumer of alum, uses alum primarily as a precipitating agent in conjunction with rosin size to impart improved water resistance and printability to the final sheet of paper...
Scope: This standard describes procedures for determining...
CPPA Standard J.10. Recommended Method 1949. Revised 1984. Analysis of Rosin Size.
...Rosin size finds its principal use as a sizing agent in the manufacture of many grades of paper and paperboard, in which application it is co-precipitated onto the stock with papermaker's alum. The sizing operation is usually carried out to obtain increased resistance to penetration of liquids, such as water or inks, but it is also widely used to improve the printability of groundwood papers by reducing formation of lint and dust...The procedures described here are applicable to commercial sizes in...three forms...
CPPA Standard J.16P. Proposed Method 1962. Revised 1992. Analysis of Peroxides.
Scope: Peroxide, as hydrogen peroxide, is used for bleaching chemical pulps and groundwood pulps.
This standard covers the following analyses...
CPPA Standard J.17P. Proposed Method 1981. Revised 1992. Analysis of Hydrosulphites.
Scope: Sodium hydrosulphite is widely used as a bleaching agent in the manufacture of mechanical pulps. This method gives a procedure for the determination of active chemical in solid sodium hydrosulphite, and in solutions of hydrosulphites.
Note: Related Method TAPPI T662 cm-84.
CPPA Standard J.18P. Proposed Method 1990. Analysis of Fillers and Pigments.
Scope: This method describes procedures for the testing of fillers and pigments, both naturally occurring and synthetic, for free moisture, pH and screen residue...
TAPPI T 408 om-88. 1988. Rosin in Paper and Paperboard.
Scope: This method describes empirical procedures for the quantitative determination of rosin in paper and paperboard...
TAPPI T 628 cm-82. 1982. Analysis of Rosin.
Scope: This method deals with the analysis of those rosin sizes made ordinarily by reacting rosin with an alkali. Separate procedures are given for paste size, dry size, and size emulsions. The procedures do not apply to the analysis of colloidally protected sizes or those containing added ingredients, such as waxes or oils...
CPPA Standard K.1. Recommended Method 1948. Revised 1961. Standard Terms for the Furnish of Paper and Paperboard and for the Measurement of Fibre Losses.
No scope statement.
CPPA Standard K.2. Recommended Method 1948. Revised 1960. Standard Terms Used in the Alkaline Pulping Process.
No scope statement.
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 220-M91. Information Processing and Business Equipment.
Scope: This Standard applies to information processing equipment and associated electronic units and to business equipment intended to be connected to supply circuits with a maximum nominal voltage of 660 V and designed to be operated under conditions of normal use in nonhazardous locations when installed in accordance with the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I....
This Standard applies to information processing and business equipment and associated electronic units that, in addition to connection to a supply circuit ... are destined and intended to be electrically connected to a telecommunication network, to a cable TV network, or to a local area network....
This Standard does not apply to support equipment such as air conditioning, fire detection, or fire extinguishing systems, or to power supply systems such as motor generator sets and transformers external to the information processing system.
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 950-93. Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment.
Scope: This standard is applicable to information technology equipment, ... [and] specifies requirements intended to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock or injury.... Examples of equipment which is within the scope of this standard are: data and text processing equipment, personal computers, visual display units, data preparation equipment, data terminal equipment, data circuit terminating equipment (e.g. modems), facsimile equipment, typewriters, calculators, accounting and book-keeping machines,... copying machines, ... magnetic tape handlers, ... micrographic office equipment ... [etc.]
ISO/R 169:1960. Sizes of Photocopies (on Paper) Readable Without Optical Devices.
No scope note.
ISO 4218-1:1979. Printing machines - Vocabulary - Part 1: Fundamental Terms (Bilingual Edition).
Scope: This International Standard gives definitions of the fundamental terms relating to printing machines.
ISO 9336.2:1994. Optics and Optical Instruments - Optical Transfer Function - Application - Part 2: Lenses for Office Copiers.
ISO/IEC 6329:1989. Duplicators and Document Copying Machines - Symbols.
Scope: This International Standard specifies symbols to be used for the marking of controls, indicator panels, and certain other parts of duplicators and document copying machines to aid users in the operation and maintenance of the machines.
ISO/IEC 11159:1992. Information Technology - Office Equipment - Minimum Information to be Included in Specification Sheets - Copying Machines.
Scope: This International Standard is intended to facilitate the users in selecting a copying machine which meets their requirements.
This International Standard specifies the minimum information that shall be included in the specification sheets of copying machines so that users may compare the characteristics of different machines.
This International Standard applies to copying machines that could be operated in an office environment. Copying machines requiring specially equipped rooms or specially instructed operators are not considered in the International Standard.
ASTM D 3458-85. Revised 1994. Specification for Copies from Office Copying Machines for Permanent Records.
Scope: This specification covers copies from office copying machines for permanent record use. The specification is divided into two parts: Part 1 covers the paper; and Part 2 covers the imaged copy. These may be used together or independently, depending on the need.
ASTM F 335-93. 1993. Standard Terminology Relating to Electrostatic Copying.
Scope: This set of definitions is intended for use by all parties who use, sell, manufacture, text, or develop electrostatic copy machines so that they will have a common basis for communications.
ASTM F 360-82 (Reapproved 1993). Standard Practice for Image Evaluation of Electrostatic Business Copies.
Scope: 1.1 This practice guides the user toward preparing an original test subject, meaningful to his specific copying needs and to suggest ways in which the test subject may be used to evaluate images from office copy systems.
1.2 Additional evaluation of image characteristics are covered in Practice F 807 and Test Method F 875.
ASTM F 596-82 (Reapproved 1992). Standard Practice for Comparative Evaluation of the Imaging Properties of Dry Electrostatic Toners.
Scope: 1.1 This practice covers a method of testing by which the user can prepare a test for dry electrostatic toners used in copiers, which has significance to their specific copying needs and suggests ways in which test prints may be made and used for each evaluation.
1.2 Additional evaluation of image characteristics are covered in Practice F 807 and Test Method F 875.
ASTM F 653-84 (Reapproved 1990). Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Electrostatic Masters.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the performance characteristics of all lithographic electrostatic masters.
ASTM F 807-83 (Reapproved 1993). Standard Practice for Determining Resolution Capability of Office Copiers.
Scope: This practice covers the description and method of use for a resolution test target for office copier evaluation.
ASTM F 974-86 (Reapproved 1991). Standard Test Method for Determination of the Color Response of an Electrostatic Copying System, Black and White Output.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the color response of an electrostatic copy system, black and white output.
ASTM F 1206-88. 1988. Standard Test Method for Evaluating Color Image Output from Color Printers and Copiers.
Scope: This test method covers the evaluation of color ouput from printer/plotters and copiers. The output may be from an ink jet, thermal transfer, electrostatic or electrophotographic device.
ASTM F 1319-90. 1990. Standard Test Method for Determination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance of Images Produced from Business Copy Products (Crockmeter Method).
Scope:
1.2 The test method can be employed to evaluate the abrasion and smudge resistance of business imaging products produced by impact printers, thermal transfer printers, and non-impact printers or copiers.
1.3 The text method can be used to evaluate the amount of material removed from the sample (smudge or crock). Testing focuses on determining the amount of material deposited on the crockmeter cloth or redeposited in a new location on the sample. The test method can also be employed to measure performance characteristics for a product. The user should select test equipment which is appropriate for measuring the abrasion to the samples. Samples are tested before and after rubbing and comparisons of results made. In this test method product performance evaluations are optional.
1.4 Other test methods employing the Sutherland rub tester, Taber Abrader and Gavarti GA-C.A.T. can be employed to evaluate the smudge and abrasion characteristics. Results by these units are not necessarily equivalent to those obtained with the Crockmeter.
Almony Jr., Robert A. and Frances O'Brien. 1995. Library Photocopy Operations. SPEC Kit 209. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, Office of Management Studies.
Includes SPEC survey results, proposals, operating budgets, photocopy machine statistics, services and pricing, and advertising.
Buyers Laboratory Inc. 1994. Test Reports on 15 Photocopiers. Library Technology Reports 30(5): 541-674.
Jones, Norvell M. M. 1990. Archival Copies of Thermofax, Verifax, And Other Unstable Records. (National Archives Technical Information Paper No. 5.) Available from U. S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service: PB90-171836. Washington, D. C: National Archives and Records Administration.
Guide to replacement of unstable copies with stable electrostatic copies.
Research Libraries Group. 1986. RLG Preservation Manual. 2d ed. Stanford, CA: Research Libraries Group.
Contains a section on photocopying.
Restaurator: International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material. Vol. 8, no. 1 (1987).
Photocopying as a preservation option is explored in depth in this issue, which contains the text of papers presented at a conference of the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration held in Washington, D.C. in 1986.
Subcommittee on Preservation Photocopying Guidelines, Reproduction of Library Materials Section Copying Committee, Association for Library Collections & Technical Services. 1994. "Guidelines for Preservation Photocopying." Library Resources and Technical Services. Vol. 38, no. 3 (July 1994): 288-292.
Gives comprehensive guidelines for reproducing full text on stable material. Describes the characteristics of a preservation photocopy, from the base paper substrate to the image produced on that, and outlines procedures for producing a preservation photocopy.
Subt, Sylvia S. Y., and John G. Koloski. 1987. Archival Xerographic Copying: Special Development Study for National Archives and Record Administration. (GPO Jacket No. 484-988 Final Report.) Washington, D.C.: Quality Control and Technical Department, U.S. Government Printing Office.
Focuses on electrophotographic images and certain paper properties which can affect the adherence of these images to the paper.
Systems and Procedures Exchange Center (SPEC). 1995. Library Photocopy Operations. SPEC Kit 209. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, Office of Management Studies.
Bulk of report focuses on costs, policies and promotion of libraries running their own photocopy operation.
Weber, Jerry. 1993. Photocopiers - Friend or Foe? A Survey by the Preservation and Conservation Group of the Society of Archivists. Journal of the Society of Archivists 14(1): 65-68.
Discussion of results of national U.K. survey.
ISO 3380: 1975. Leather - Determination of Shrinkage Temperature.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the shrinkage temperature of leather. It is applicable to any type of leather with a shrinkage temperature below that of boiling water.
ISO 2589: 1972. Leather - Physical Testing - Measurement of Thickness.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for measurement of the thickness of leather.
This method is applicable to all kinds of leather, of any type of tannage, except for firm leathers of thickness 3 mm or greater. This measurement is valid for both the whole leather and a test sample.
ISO 3376: 1976. Leather - Determination of Tensile Strength.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the tensile strength and elongation for all types of leather.
ISO 11640: 1993. Leather - Tests for Colour Fastness - Colour Fastness to Cycles of to-and-fro Rubbing.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for determining the behaviour of the surface of a leather on rubbing with felt.
ISO 11642: 1993. Leather - Tests for Colour Fastness - Colour Fastness to Water.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for determining the colour fastness to water of leather of all kinds at all stages of processing.
ASTM D 1517 - 80. Reapproved 1987. Standard Definition of Terms Relating to Leather.
Scope: These definitions are divided into two groups: the first group covers general terms and the second covers definitions applicable to sampling...
ASTM D 2209 - 90. 1990. Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the load required to rupture a leather test specimen...The load to rupture divided by the original unstretched cross-sectional area gives the tensile strength. It may be used for all types of leather that are smooth and firm enough to permit accurate thickness measurements.
ASTM D 2346 - 68. Reapproved 1991. Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Leather.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of leather...
ASTM D 2810 - 72. Reapproved 1991. Standard Test Method for pH of Leather.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the pH for all types of leather.
British Leather Manufacturer's Research Association. 1984. The Preservation of Bookbinding Leather. London: The British Library.
Calnan, Christopher. 1992. The STEP Leather Research Project. In Conference Papers Manchester 1992. Sheila Fairbrass, ed. Worcester, England: Institute of Paper Conservation.
Description of collaborative research project into leather deterioration funded by the EEC. Includes methodology, experiments and results.
Ellement, Peter G. and David H. Tuck. 1987. The Manufacture of Bookbinding Leathers. In Conservation of Library and Archival Materials and the Graphic Arts. Guy Petherbridge, ed. London: Butterworths. 253-260.
Florian, Mary-Lou E. 1992. Saga of the Saggy Bag. Leather Conservation News 8: 1-11.
Discussion of the use of the plastic bag as appropriate for storage, isolation, etc. Includes results of tests using skin, textile and bone.
Haines, Betty M. 1987. The Structure of Leather. In Conservation of Library and Archival Materials and the Graphic Arts. Guy Petherbridge, ed. London: Butterworths. 239-252.
Haines, Betty M. 1987. Minimizing Deterioration of Bookbinding Leathers in Polluted Atmospheres. In Conservation of Library and Archival Materials and the Graphic Arts. Guy Petherbridge, ed. London: Butterworths. 261-264.
ANSI/ASTM D 3236 - 88 (Reapproved 1993). Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Hot Melt Adhesives and Coating Materials.
Scope: 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent viscosity of hot melt adhesives and coating materials compounded with additives and having apparent viscosities up to 200,000 millipascal second (mPa×s) at temperatures up to 175°C (347°F).
ANSI Z356.3-1991 American National Standard for Art and Craft Materials - Adhesives.
Scope: The purpose of this standard is to establish nationally-recognized quality, safety, and packaging requirements for paste, polymer-emulsion adhesives, and glue and to provide a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users of these products.
This standard covers paste, polymer-emulsion adhesives, and glue that are intended for use particularly in schools and also in homes or offices and that are ready for use as received (referred to in this standard as adhesives). Paste is defined as an adhesive composition having a soft, smooth, plastic consistency similar to a uniform mixture of starch and water that has been heated and cooled. Polymer-emulsion adhesive is defined as a polymeric resin emulsion stabilized to prevent settling, water separation, or coagulation in the wet state. Glue is defined as an adhesive composition produced by a mixture of various chemical compounds with a nongelatinizing material. Included in this standard are: a) requirements for the materials, preservatives, toxicity, discoloring, adhesive strength, consistency, appearance, working qualities, containers, and packaged quantities of adhesives, and b) test procedures for determining the effectiveness of preservatives, discoloration of paper, adhesive strength, and the presence of hard particles.
ISO 9665: 1993. Adhesives - Animal Glues - Methods for Sampling and Testing.
Scope: This International Standard specifies the methods to be used for sampling and testing bone and skin glues in the form of powder, granules, pearls or cubes...
ISO 10364: 1993. Adhesives - Determination of Working Life (Pot Life) of Multi Component Adhesives.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method of determining the working life of an adhesive...
NISO Z39 SC RR Adhesives Used to Affix Labels to Library Materials.
In preparation.
ASTM 896 - 92. 1992. Test Method for Resistance of Adhesive Bonds to Chemical Reagents.
Scope: This method provides a uniform procedure for the exposure of adhesively bonded substrates to selected environments...
ASTM 897 - 78. 1993. Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive Bonds.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile properties of the adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature and testing machine speed...
ASTM D 903 - 93. 1993. Standard Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the comparative peel or stripping characteristics of adhesive bonds when tested on standard-sized specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature and testing machine speed...
ASTM D 907 - 93. 1993. Standard Terminology of Adhesives.
Scope: This standard is a compilation of definitions use din the science and technology of the adhesives industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included...
ASTM D 1151 - 90. 1988. Test Method for Effect of Moisture and Temperature on Adhesive Bonds.
Scope: This test method defines conditions for determining the performance of adhesive bonds when subjected to continuous exposure at specified conditions of moisture and temperature...
ASTM D 1583-61. 1961. Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Dry Adhesive Films.
Scope: This test method covers determination of the hydrogen ion concentration (pH), acidity, alkalinity of organic adhesives in the cured dry film form...not designed to apply to pressure sensitive adhesives...
ASTM 1876 - 93. 1993. Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)
Scope: This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen...
ASTM D 1916 - 88. 1988. Test Method for Penetration of Adhesives.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the penetration under pressure of adhesives used in systems when at least one of the adherends is porous...
ASTM D - 4300 - 88. 1988. Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films to Support or Resist the Growth of Fungi.
Scope: These test methods test the ability of adhesive films to inhibit or support the growth of selected fungal species...
ASTM 4800 -87. 1987. Guide for Classifying and Specifying Adhesives.
Scope: This guide provides a classification system for tabulating the properties of adhesives suitable for holding parts or assemblies together...
Down, Jane L., Maureen A. MacDonald, Jean Tétrault and R. Scott Williams. 1992. Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute: An Evaluation of Selected Poly(vinyl acetate) and Acrylic Adhesives. Environment and Deterioration Report No. 1603. Ottawa: Canadian Conservation Institute.
Feller, R.L. and M. Witt. 1990. Evaluation of Cellulose Ethers for Conservation. Research in Conservation 3. Marina del Rey, California: Getty Conservation Institute.
Provides information on celluolose ethers and proposes relative ranking of chemical classes as to potential long-term stability.
Rebsamen, Werner. 1991. LBI Technology Committee - Research Report. Long-Term Service Life and Performance Characteristics of PVA Cold Emulsion Adhesives Used for the Double Fanning Process in Library Binding. Austin, Texas: Library Binding Institute.
Strnadova J. and M. Durovic. 1994. The Cellulose Ethers in Paper Conservation. Restaurator 15(4): 220-241.
Strauss, Robert J. and Barclay W. Ogden. 1992. Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesives for Double-Fan Adhesive Binding. Report on Review and Specification Study. Publisher unknown.
See also 1. Paper-Based Collections/RecordsConservation Treatment General
ANSI L29.1 - 1985. American National Standard for Fabrics for Book Covers.
Scope: This standard covers the requirements and test procedures for seven groups of plain finished book cloths and buckrams that are impregnated or starch filled and are used in the bookbinding industry for book covers.
ANSI Z39.41 - 199X American National Standard for Printed Information on Spines.
Draft revision of Z39.41.1990
ANSI/NISO Z39.-199X. Library Binding and Library PreBound Books.
In preparation.
ANSI/NISO Z39.66 - 1992. American National Standard for Durable Hardcover Binding for Books.
Scope: This standard specifies manufacturing methods and materials that will result in durable hardcover binding for books that are manufactured in commercial quantities. Compliance with this standard is recommended for the following categories of materials:
-scholarly monographs and reprints
-collected editions
-books intended primarily for the library market
-reference books.
The standard describes only those manufacturing methods and materials that relate to the durability of the binding, including endpaper attachment and reinforcement, the method of binding leaves together, rounding and backing, case making, and casing-in. Materials specifications are provided for adhesives, boards, covering materials, endpapers, linings, and thread. This standard is not intended to cover textbook binding, nor commercial library binding.
ANSI/NISO Z39.76 - 199X. Data Elements for Binding of Library Materials.
In preparation.
ANSI/NISOZ39.78.199X - Library Binding
In preparation
ISO/CD 11800. 19XX. Recommendation of Binding Materials and Binding Practices.
In preparation.
ISO/CD 14416. Requirements for Binding of Books, Periodicals, Serials and Other Paper Documents for Library and Archival Use - Methods and Materials. In preparation.
Battelle-France. 1994. The Treatment of Books and Periodicals for Library Use: Current Technology and Know-How. Report for Etablissement public de la bibliothèque de France. Paris: Battelle-France.
Library Binding Institute. 1986. Library Binding Institute Standard for Library Binding. 8th edition. Parisi, Paul A. and Jan Merrill-Oldham, eds. Rochester, N.Y.: LBI.
Merrill-Oldham, Jan and Paul Parisi. 1990. Guide to the Library Binding Institute Standard for Library Binding. Chicago: American Library Association.
Overview of procedures, standards and terminology; well illustrated.
Merrill-Oldham, Jan. 1987. "Guidelines for Inspecting Library Bound Volumes; University of Connecticut Libraries, March 1995". Association of Research Libraries. Preservation Planning Program Manual and Resource Notebook. Pamela W. Darling, comp. and Wesley Boomgaarden. Revised ed. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries. 587-588.
Checklist of typical bind faults.
Parisi, Paul A. and Jan Merrill-Oldham. 1986. The LBI Standard for Library Binding: The Glossary. School Library Journal 33(2): 96-98.
Rare Books and Manuscripts Section, ACRL. 1988. Binding Terms: Thesaurus for Use in Rare Books and Special Collections Cataloguing. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries.
Terminology for the technical description of bookbindings.
Systems and Procedures Exchange Center (SPEC). 1985. Binding Operations in ARL Libraries. SPEC Kit 114. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, Office of Management Studies.
Collection of documents dealing with administration, contracts and specifications, automated systems and binding treatments, plus selected readings.
Watkin, Alan. 1992. The Role of Rebinding in Modern Stock Management. Clwyd, Wales: Library and Information Service.
Report of rebinding project, its effects, impact and benefits particularly in the context of limited funding.
ANSI Z356.5-1985. American National Standard for Art and Craft Materials - Paints and Inks.
Scope: This standard provides minimum requirements for materials, toxicity, coarse particle content, characteristics, working qualities, preservative effectiveness, size and packaging of paints and inks for art education. This standard covers the following eleven types of paints and inks...
ISO/WD 11798. 19XX. Permanence of Writing, Printing and Copying Media on Paper - Requirements and Methods.
In preparation.
References
ASTM D 5067 - 90. 1990. Standard Specification for Artists' Watercolour Paints.
Scope: This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labelling of artists' watercolour paints.
This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness and consistency.
Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification...Test methods for determining relative light fastness are referenced.
ASTM D 4302 - 92. 1992. Standard Specification for Artists' Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints.
Scope: This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labelling of artists' oil, resin-oil and alkyd paints.
This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency and drying time.
Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification...Test methods for determining relative light fastness are referenced.
ASTM D 5098 - 92. 1992. Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Emulsion Paints.
Scope: This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labelling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.
This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency and drying time.
Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification...Test methods for determining relative light fastness are referenced...
Feller, Robert L., ed. 1986. Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics. Vol. I. Washington: National Gallery of Art.
Harley, R.D. 1982. Artists' Pigments c. 1600 - 1835: A Study in English Documentary Sources. 2nd ed. Technical Studies in the Arts, Archaeology and Architecture. London: Butterworth Scientific.
Detailed analysis of pigments, with survey of the historical and literary sources.
Leroy, M. and F. Flieder. 1993. The Setting of Modern Inks Before Restoration Treatments. Restaurator 14(3):131-140.
Maraval, M. and F. Flieder. 1993. The Stability of Printing Inks. Restaurator 14(3):141-171.
Mayer, Ralph. 1981. The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques. 4th ed. New York: The Viking Press.
Standard reference.
Wilcox, Michael. 1991. The Wilcox Guide to the Best Watercolor Paints. Perth, Western Australia: Artways.
Encyclopedic reference to wide range of pigments used in artists' watercolors, with specific references to manufacturers of watercolor paints worldwide.
Note: Re suitability, use and application of specific materials and techniques, refer to journals, preprints and other publications of professional conservation associations and organizations.
BSI BS 4971-1. 1988. Recommendations for Repair and Allied Processes for the Conservation of Documents. Part 1: Treatment of Sheets, Membranes and Seals.
Scope: This part of BS 4971 gives recommendations for repair and allied processes used in the conservation of sheets, membranes and seals. The recommendations apply to treatment that may be necessary to ensure the continued preservation of parchment and paper...
BSI BS 4971-2. 1980 (Revised 1989). Recommendations for Repair and Allied Processes for the Conservation of Documents. Part 2: 1980 (1989). Archival Binding.
Scope: This part of this British Standard describes the preferred methods of fastening archival documents within flat covers and recommends the materials to be used...
ANSI/NISO Z39.77-199X Preservation Product Information.
In preparation. Covers essential information in advertising that describes materials used to repair, bind or store library materials.
American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. 1994. AIC Paper Conservation Catalog. 9th edition. Washington, D.C.: AIC.
Compilation of conservation treatments for art and historic artifacts on paper, in current use or with history of use.
Canadian Conservation Institute. 1992. Analytical Research Services: Commercial Product Analytical Reports. Ottawa: CCI.
Update of 1988-89 reports on analysis of commercial products used in conservation, i.e. adhesives, cleaning materials, display and storage materials.
Crespo, Carmen and Vincente Vinas. 1984. The Preservation and Restoration of Paper Records and Books: A RAMP Study with Guidelines. PGI-84/WS/25. Paris: General Information Programme and UNISIST, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Overview of preventive and curative conservation activities.
Cunha, George Martin and Dorothy Grant Cunha. 1971. Conservation of Library Materials. A Manual and Bibliography on the Care, Repair and Restoration of Library Materials. 2nd ed. Vols. I and II. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press Inc.
Vol. I covers preservation, conservation and repair. Vol. II is comprehensive bibliography arranged by subject, with author index.
Cunha, George Martin and Dorothy Grant Cunha. 1983. Library and Archives Conservation: The 1980s and Beyond. Vols. I and II. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press Inc.
Vol. I discusses history of conservation and identifies trends. Vol II is bibliography emphasizing prior 10 years for use with earlier work cited above.
Holben Ellis, Margaret. 1987. The Care of Prints and Drawings. Nashville, Tennessee: American Association of State and Local History.
Practical, straightforward instruction covering media and supports, exhibition preparation, storage and conservation.
Needles, Howard L. and S. Haig Zeronian. 1986. Historic Textile and Paper Materials: Conservation and Characterization. Advances in Chemistry Series 212. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society.
Papers developed from symposium sponsored by the Cellulose, Paper and Textile Division at the 188th ACS meeting in Philadelphia, 1984.
Petherbridge, Guy, ed. 1987. Conservation of Library and Archive Materials and the Graphic Arts. London: Society of Archivists, Institute of Paper Conservation and Butterworths.
Publication constitutes the proceedings of an international conference on book and paper conservation (Cambridge, 1980). Covers paper, vellum and parchment, books and bindings and `modern' records.
Vinas, Vincente and Ruth Vinas. 1988. Traditional Restoration Techniques: A RAMP Study. PGI-88/WS/17. Paris: General Information Programme and UNISIST, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Includes restoration techniques for inks, paper, parchment, bindings and seals.
Williams, John C., ed. 1977. Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value. Advances in Chemistry Series 164. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society.
Papers from symposium sponsored by the Cellulose, Paper and Textile Division at the 172nd ACS meeting in San Francisco, 1976.
Williams, John C., ed. 1981. Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value II. Advances in Chemistry Series 193. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society.
Papers developed from symposium sponsored by the Cellulose, Paper and Textile Division at the 178th ACS meeting in Washington, 1979.
See also General Conservation Treatment
Canadian Conservation Institute. 1993. Wheat Starch Paste. CCI Note N11/4. Ottawa: CCI.
Instructions for paste preparation and storage. Includes names of suppliers.
Canadian Conservation Institute. 1995. Encapsulation. CCI Note N11/10. Ottawa: CCI.
Basic overview of procedures. Includes suppliers.
Cowan, Janet. 1986. Dry Methods for Surface Cleaning of Paper. Canadian Conservation Institute Technical Bulletin TB11. Ottawa: CCI.
Overview of cleaning materials and techniques.
Clark Morrow, Carolynn and Carole Dyal. 1986. Conservation Treatment Procedures. A Manual of Step-by-Step Procedures for the Maintenance and Repair of Library Materials. 2nd ed. Littleton, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited Inc.
Discusses role of conservation activities as well as detailed explanations of procedures, with b/w photographs. Appendices, glossary and annotated bibliography.
Greenfield, Jane. 1983. Books. Their Care and Repair. New York, N.Y.: H. W Wilson Co.
Basic techniques and equipment for a small library bindery.
Milevski, Robert J. 1984. Reprinted 1988. Book Repair Manual. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Library.
Developed for series of instructional workshops on basic book repair.
Pickwoad, Nicholas. Distinguishing Between the Good and Bad Repair of Books. In Conservation and Preservation in Small Libraries. Hadgraft, Nicholas and Katherine Swift, eds. Cambridge, England: Parker Library Publications. 141 - 149.
Detailed analysis of issues in planning and carrying out book conservation, and in evaluating the results.
Silverman, Randy and Maria Grandinette, comps. 1993. The Changing Role of Book Repair in ARL Libraries. SPEC Kit 190. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, Office of Management Studies.
Includes overviews and profiles of conservation and repair programs at some 24 U.S. and Canadian institutions.
Young, Laura S. 1981. Bookbinding & Conservation By Hand. A Working Guide. New York, N.Y.: R.R. Bowker Co.
A practical and comprehensive manual of techniques.
Begin, Paul L., Joe G. Iraci and Klaus B. Hendriks. 1995. The Strengths and Weaknesses of Commercial Methods of Mass Deacidification: Accelerated Aging as an Aid in the Evaluation of Mass Deacidification Treatments. Lecture Notes for the CCI Seminar: Canadian Perspectives on Paper Permanence: A Discussion of Current Issues and Progress. December 1, 1995. Ottawa, Canada.
Brandis, Leanne. 1994. Summary and Evaluation of the Testing Sponsored by the Library of Congress of Books Deacidified by the FMC, Akzo And Wei T'o Mass Deacidifciation Processes. Restaurator 15(1): 55-127.
Brandt, Astrid-Christiane. 1992. Mass Deacidification of Paper: A Comparative Study of Existing Processes. Peter Thomas, trans. Pro Libris Collection. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale.
Covers causes of paper deterioration, principles of deacidification and processes (Wei T'o, Bookkeeper, Akzo (DEZ), Lithco-FMC, Booksaver and British Library), with conclusions and appendices.
Buchanan, Sally et al. 1994. An Evaluation of the Bookkeeper Mass Deacidification Process. Technical Evaluation Team Report for the Preservation Directorate, Library of Congress. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.
Includes summary, as well as evaluation reports from four perspectives (technical, process chemistry, conservator and rare book librarian). Also extensive appendices with reports from various agencies.
Note: Text pages available at LC MARVEL (marvel.loc.gov)
Burgess, H. D., E. M. Kaminska and A. Boronyak-Szaplonczay. 1992.
Evaluation of Commercial Mass Deacidification Processes: AKZO-DEZ, WEI T'O and FMC-MG3. Phase I: Naturally Aged Papers. Report submitted to The Metropolitan Toronto Chairman's Committee for Preserving Documentary Heritage. Ottawa: Canadian Conservation Institute.
Report on phase I of mass deacidification study with executive summary, description .....See Kaminska and Burgess, and Tse et al. for Phases II and III.
Burgess, Helen D. and Elzbieta M. Kaminska. 1995. The Strengths and Weaknesses of Commercial Methods of Mass Deacidification for New and Aged Papers. Lecture Notes for the CCI Seminar: Canadian Perspectives on Paper Permanence: A Discussion of Current Issues and Progress. December 1, 1995. Ottawa, Canada.
Clements, D.W.G. 1987. Emerging Technologies - Paper Strengthening. Restaurator 8(2-3): 124-127.
Description of The British Library project.
Clements, D.W.G., C.E. Butler and C.A. Millington. 1988. Paper Strengthening at the British Library. In Proceedings of Conservation in Archives, International Symposium. Ottawa: National Archives of Canada. 45-56.
Description of the graft polymerization process including trial results to date
Cunha, George. 1987. Mass Deacidification for Libraries. Library Technology Reports 23: 359-472.
Analysis of the Diethyl Zinc System and Wei T'o System.
Cunha, George. 1989. Mass Deacidification for Libraries: 1989 Update. Library Technology Reports 25: 5-81.
CIC Task Force on Mass Deacidification. 1992. Mass Deacidification: A Report to the Library Directors. Chicago: Northwestern University.
Includes executive summary, background of CIC (consortium of 12 research libraries)task force, goals and accomplishments and recommendations, with extensive appendices.
Foot, Mirjam. 1995. Preservation Policy, Dilemmas, Needs: A British Library Perspective. Conservation Administration News January 1995: 6-10.
Description of British Library copolymerization process. Refers to University of
Manchester Institute for Science and Technology report.
Havermans, John, Ronald Van Deventer and Ted Steemers. 1995. Mass Deacidification of Archival Materials using Diethyl Zinc. Restaurator 16(3): 123-142.
Report and discussion of results of testing on DEZ-treated archival material done for the Dutch State Archives. Authors conclude that DEZ should be considered as standard for deacidification of archival papers.
Institute of Paper Science and Technology. 1991. Physical Properties of Library Books Deacidified by FMC Corporation. Report to the Library of Congress..in response to Solicitation No. RFP90-32. June 10, 1991. Project 3717. Report 1. Four Reports. Atlanta: IPST.
Extensive report covering background, test procedures and results, with appendix of individual test results for FMC treated materials.
Institute of Paper Science and Technology. 1991. Physical Properties of Library Books Deacidified by AKZO Chemicals, Inc. Report to the Library of Congress..in response to Solicitation No. RFP90-32. June 10, 1991. Project 3717. Report 2. Four Reports. Atlanta: IPST.
As above for Akzo treated materials.
Institute of Paper Science and Technology. 1991. Physical Properties of Library Books Deacidified by Wei T'o Associates, Inc. Report to the Library of Congress..in response to Solicitation No. RFP90-32. June 10, 1991. Project 3717. Report 3. Four Reports. Atlanta: IPST.
As above for Wei T'o treated materials.
Institute of Paper Science and Technology. 1991. Physical Properties of Library Books. Untreated Control Books. Report to the Library of Congress..in response to Solicitation No. RFP90-32. June 10, 1991. Project 3717. Report 4. Four Reports. Atlanta: IPST.
As above for untreated control materials.
Kaminska, E.M. and H.D. Burgess. 1994. Evaluation of Commercial Mass Deacidification Processes: AKZO-DEZ, WEI T'O and FMC-MG3. Phase II: New and Artificially Aged Modern Papers. Report submitted to The Metropolitan Toronto Chairman's Committee for Preserving Documentary Heritage. Ottawa: Canadian Conservation Institute.
Report on phase II of mass deacidification study with executive summary, description .....See Burgess et al. and Tse et al. for Phases I and III.
Library of Congress. 1990. The Library of Congress Requests Your Proposal to Provide Deacidification on a Mass Production Level of Paper-Based Books in the Collections of the Library of Congress. Solicitation No. RFP 90-21. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.
Request for Proposal including description/specification/work statement, inspection and acceptance, deliveries of performance, etc. Note: Six Amendments of Solicitation were subsequently issued.
Liénardy, Anne. 1991. A Bibliographical Survey of Mass Deacidification Methods. Restaurator 12: 75-103.
Review of fifteen mass deacidification processes including basic techniques, advantages and disadvantages with references.
Liénardy, Anne. 1994. Evaluation of Seven Mass Deacidifcation Treatments. Restaurator 15(1): 1-25.
Liénardy, Anne and P. Van Damme. 1990. Practical Deacidification. Restaurator 11(1): 1-21.
Literature review, and analysis of seven deacidification techniques.
Liers, J. and P. Schwerdt. 1995. The Battelle Mass Deacidification Process Equipment and Technology. Restaurator 16(1): 1-9.
Lord Cultural Resources Planning and Management Inc. 1989. Feasibility Study for a Mass Deacidification Centre for Libraries and Archives in Metropolitan Toronto. Lord Cultural Resources in association with Murray Frost: Cultural Building Consulting Inc.
Includes executive summary, needs analysis, comparative assessments, analysis of operational requirements, operational model, financial analysis and implementation plan with appendices.
McGee, Ann E. 1991. Evaluating and Comparing Mass Deacidification Benefits: Enhanced and Extended Useful Life. Restaurator 12: 104-109.
Explanation of the EEUL (extended and enhanced useful life) benefits concept proposed by FMC Corporation.
Mowery, J.F. 1991. A Stand-Alone Imaging System to Assist in Leafcasting Developed at the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C. Restaurator
National Preservation Office of the Netherlands. 1993. The Future of Our Paper Past. Final Report of the National Preservation Office of the Netherlands (CNC) on the Mass Conservation Trial Programme. The Hague: CNC.
Includes policy recommendations, description and conclusions of the conservation trial programme and related projects. Reference to "Methods for Mass Conservation" report (published in Dutch) of analysis of seven mass methods (DEZ, Wei T'o, Lithco, Bookkeeper, Graft polymerization, Wächter process and paper splitting).
Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress. 1988. Book Preservation Technologies. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Extensive coverage of the DEZ mass deacidification process (development, effectiveness, cost, safety, etc.) plus comparison of alternatives, with appendices. See Appendix D: Suggestion for Standard Paper Testing for Deacidification Quality Control by National Bureau of Standards.
Regional Centre of the IFLA Core Programme FAC, Deutsche Bücherei Leipzig, GDR. 1989. Study on Mass Conservation Techniques for Treatment of Libraries and Archives Material. PGI-89/WS/14. Wolfgang Wächter, ed. under the supervision of Helmuth Rötzsch. Paris: General Information Programme and UNISIST, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Describes various methods of conservation, including deacidification, leafcasting, and paper splitting.
Scott, Marianne. 1987. Mass Deacidification at the National Library of Canada. Restaurator 8(2-3): 94-99.
Analysis of the Wei T'o system.
Schwerdt, Peter. 1989. Mass Deacidification Procedures for Libraries and Archives. State of Development and Perspectives for Implementation in the Federal Republic of Germany. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Preservation and Access.
Smith, Richard D. 1987. Deacidifying Library Collections: Myths and Realities. Restaurator 8(2-3): 69-93.
Comparison of DEZ and Wei T'o systems.
Smith, Richard D. 1987. Mass Deacidification at the Public Archives of Canada. In Conservation of Library and Archive Materials and the Graphic Arts. London: Butterworths. 125-137.
Sparks, Peter. 1990. Technical Considerations in Choosing Mass Deacidification Processes. Washington, D.C. Commission on Preservation and Access.
Provides basic background information on mass deacidification, in-depth analysis of technical evaluation factors, as well as other evaluation issues with planning issues in an appendix.
Sparks, Peter, ed. 1992. A Roundtable on Mass Deacidification: Report on a Meeting held September 12-13, 1991 in Andover, Massachusetts. Washington, D.C. Association of Research Libraries.
Covers presentations/panel discussions on all aspects of mass deacidification by representatives of 21 major library and archive institutions.
Tse, Season, Sherry Guild, Anne-Laurence Dupont and Helen D. Burgess. 1994. Evaluation of Commercial Mass Deacidification Processes: AKZO-DEZ, WEI T'O and FMC-MG3. Phase III: Evaluation of Media, Bindings and Special Paper Types. Report submitted to The Metropolitan Toronto Chairman's Committee for Preserving Documentary Heritage. Ottawa: Canadian Conservation Institute.
Report on phase III of mass deacidification study with executive summary, description and preparation of study samples, visual examination and colour measurements, summary of results, discussion and conclusions. Extensive tables with commentary on results of treatments on variety of materials. See Burgess et al., and Kaminska and Burgess for Phases I and II.
Turko, Karen. 1990. Mass Deacidification Systems: Planning and Managerial Decision Making. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries.
Discusses issues related to process evaluation, selection for treatment, collection management and budget.
Wächter, O. 1987. Paper Strengthening: Mass Conservation of Unbound and Bound Newspapers. Restaurator 8(2-3): 111-123.
Method of strengthening newsprint with methyl cellulose, PVAC, and magnesium carbonate.
Wittekind, J. 1994. The Battelle Mass Deacidifcation Process: A New Method for Deacidifying Books and Archival Materials. Restaurator 15(4): 189-207.
Zimmerman, Carole. 1991. Bibliography on Mass Deacidification. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress Preservation Office.
Broad presentation of the literature in chronological blocks with author index.
Burgess, David. 1990. Chemical Science and Conservation. Dimensions of Science Series. Series ed. J.J. Thompson. London: Macmillan.
Covers various media and materials including the conservation of documents, instrumental methods and dating techniques.
Crafts Council. 1989. Science for Conservators. Book 1. An Introduction to Materials. Crafts Council Conservation Science Teaching Series. 3 vols. London: The Conservation Unit, Museums and Galleries Commission.
Assumes no previous scientific knowledge at the start. Provides introduction to the language of science and the scientific approach.
Crafts Council. 1989. Science for Conservators. Book 2. Cleaning. Crafts Council Conservation Science Teaching Series. 3 vols. London: The Conservation Unit, Museums and Galleries Commission.
Assumes you have read Book 1. Covers science of wide variety of cleaning procedures, both mechanical and chemical.
Crafts Council. 1989. Science for Conservators. Book 3. Adhesives and Coatings. Crafts Council Conservation Science Teaching Series. 3 vols. London: The Conservation Unit, Museums and Galleries Commission.
Assumes familiarity with ideas and vocabulary of Books 1 and 2. Covers joining, coating and consolidation.
Horie, C.V. 1987. Materials for Conservation: Organic Consolidants, Adhesives and Coatings. London: Butterworths.
Standard text covering general physical and chemical properties and detailed data on individual materials, current and obsolete, used in conservation.
Copyright. The National Library of Canada. (Revised: 1996-12-11).
