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Association of Research Libraries in cooperation with American Library Association, Commission on Preservation and Access and National Humanities Alliance. 1990. Preserving Knowledge: The Case for Alkaline Paper. Revised ed. Washington: Association of Research Libraries.
Update of 1998 ARL Briefing Package. Includes overview of problems of acidic paper and recent developments, reprints of background articles, technical information on standards and copies of state legislation.
Clapp, Anne. F. 1987. Curatorial Care of Works of Art on Paper. Basic Procedures for Paper Preservation. 4th ed. New York, N.Y.: Nick Lyons Books.
Covers the causes of paper deterioration, environmental control, display and basic treatment procedures.
Clapp, Verner W. 1972. The Story of Permanent/Durable Paper, 115-1970. Restaurator Supplement 3.
Account of papermaking developments that yielded deterioration of modern papers. Also description of W. Barrow's work to develop permanent/durable paper.
Hunter, Dard. 1978. Reprint of 2nd revised edition. Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications Inc.
Standard text on the history, materials and methods of papermaking with chronology of paper and allied subjects, and select bibliography.
Scott, William E. and James C. Abbott in collaboration with Stanley Trosset. 1995. Properties of Paper: An Introduction. Atlanta, Georgia: TAPPI Press.
Textbook evolved from course introducing paper properties and influence of raw materials and manufacturing processes. 11 chapters each with brief bibliography.
ISO 4046: 1978. Paper, Board, Pulp and Related Terms - Vocabulary.
Scope: This International Standard defines terms, in English and French, relating to paper, board, pulp, their properties and processes.
ISO 5127: 1983. Documentation and Information - Vocabulary.
Scope: This International Standard is intended to facilitate international communication in the field of information and documentation. It presents, in two languages, terms and definitions of selected concepts relevant to the field of information and documentation and identifies relationships between the entries. The scope of this International Standard corresponds approximately to that of ISO/TC 46, Standardization of practices relating to libraries, documentation and information centres, indexing and abstracting services, archives, information science and publishing...
Includes:
-ISO 5127-3: 1983 Documentation and Information - Vocabulary. Part 3: Iconic Documents.
-ISO 5127-3A: 1981. Documentation and Information - Vocabulary. Section 3A: Acquisition, Identification and Analysis of Documents and Data.
-ISO 5127-4: 1983 Documentation and Information - Vocabulary. Part 4: Archival Documents.
-ISO 5127-7: 1983 Documentation and Information - Vocabulary. Part 7: Retrieval and Dissemination of Information
-ISO 5127-8: 1983 Documentation and Information - Vocabulary. Part 8: Storage, Preservation and Reproduction of Documents.
-ISO 5127-10: 1983 Documentation and Information - Vocabulary. Part 10: Legal Aspects of Documentation.
ISO 5966: 1982. Documentation - Presentation of Scientific and Technical Reports.
American Paper Institute. 1980. The Dictionary of Paper: A Compendium of Terms Commonly Used in the U.S. Pulp, Paper and Allied Industries.. Fourth edition. New York: American Paper Institute.
Comprehensive dictionary of terms in all facets of the papermaking trade.
ANSI Z39.15-1980. American National Standard for Title Leaves of a Book.
Scope: This standard specifies the information which should be shown on the title leaves of a book and the manner in which that information should be presented to enable publishers and editors to produce title leaves of a book in a form that facilitates their use by bibliographers, librarians and researchers.
ANSI Z39.5-1985. American National Standard for Information Sciences - Abbreviation of Titles of Publications.
Scope:
1.2.2 The rules shall also be used to abbreviate titles of nonserial publications, including monographs and proceedings of meetings. They shall apply, if required, to corporate and conference names in isolation.
ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in Libraries and Archives.
Scope: The standard applies to coated and uncoated paper used in the production of publications and documents acquired and retained by libraries and archives. Examples include:
Scholarly periodicals, monographs and reprint editions
Collected editions
Encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliographies, directories, indexes, abstracts, and other reference works
Government documents
Titles not appropriate for transfer to other formats
Original documents, records, and forms, including computer output and photocopy replacements
Printed musical scores
Original art and art reproductions
ANSI/NISO Z39 SC QQ. American National Standard for Physical Preparation of Theses and Dissertations in Printed Form for Long-Term Retention by Libraries and Archives.
In preparation.
ISO 9706:94. 1994. Information and Documentation - Paper for Documents - Requirements for Permanence.
Scope: This International Standard specifies the requirements for permanent paper intended for documents. It is applicable to unprinted papers. It is not applicable to boards.
ISO/DIS 11108. 1994. Information and Documentation - Archival Papers - Requirements for Permanence and Durability.
Scope: This International Standard specifies the requirements for archival paper. It is applicable to unprinted papers intended for documents and publications required for permanent retention and use. For these documents and publications paper of high permanence and durability is required.
ASTM D 3208-86 (Revised 1994). Standard Specification for Manifold Papers for Permanent Records.
Scope:
ASTM D 3290-86.(Revised 1994). Standard Specification for Bond and Ledger Papers for Permanent Records.
Scope:
1.2 It has been shown that permanence is at least an approximate function of the pH of an aqueous extract of the paper with correlation coefficients ranging from approximately 0.7 to 0.9. Three pH levels, reflecting three levels of permanence, are specified.
ASTM D 5634-94. Guide for the Selection of Permanent and Durable and Offset and Book Papers.
Boyd, Jane and Don Etherington. 1986. Preparation of Archival Copies of Theses and Dissertations. Chicago: American Library Association.
Contains practical guidelines on paper quality, photographs, illustrations, duplication, sound recording and binding.
1995-1996 Directory of Recycled Pulp & Paper Mills. 1995. Appleton, Wisconsin: Doshi & Associates (Issued as supplement to May 1995 issue of Progress in Paper Recycling).
Grade Finders Inc. 1995. The 1995/96 Competitive Grade Finder: The Paper Buyer's Pocket Guide to the Paper and Graphic Arts Industry. Twenty-ninth edition. Exton, Pennsylvania: Grade Finders Inc.
"The bible of the industry". Guide for paper selection divided into sections i.e. competitive grades, alphabetic grade index, grade classification index, alphabetic companies list, advertisers listing and reference.
Van Deventer, Ronald, John Havermans and Sandra Berkhout. 1995. A Comparison of Three Durability Standards for Paper. Restaurator 16(3): 161-174.
Comparison of three durability standards: NEN 2728 (Netherlands), ISO 9706 and DIN 6738 (Germany). Concluded that NEN2728 is the standard most related to product paper.
NISO 1995 North American Permanent Papers. Bethesda, Maryland:NISO.
List 387 papers produced in Canada and the U.S. that meet ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Listed by type of paper, company name and paper name.
ANSI/NISO Z39.73-1994. Single-Tier Steel Bracket Shelving.
ANSI/NISO Z39.77-199X. Preservation product Information.
In preparation. Covers essential information in advertising that describes materials used to repair, bind or store library materials.
BSI BS 5454: 1989. Recommendations for Storage and Exhibition of Archival Documents.
Scope: This British Standard makes recommendations for the storage and exhibition of archival documents. The recommendations apply to the long-term and temporary storage of archival documents in restricted access and to the display of such documents in exhibitions..apply to the storage and exhibition of archival documents in the U.K. and other countries with similar temperate climates...
ISO/WD 11799. Document Storage Requirements.
In preparation.
See also 1. Preservation and Access General
ASTM D 3301-85 (Revised 1994). Standard Specification for File Folders for Storage of Permanent Records.
Scope:
1.2 It has been shown that permanence is at least an approximate function of the pH of an aqueous extract of the paper. Three pH levels, reflecting three levels of permanence, are specified.
Brown, Margaret R., Don Etherington and Lynn K. Ogden. 1982. Boxes for the Protection of Rare Books: Their Design and Construction. National Preservation Office Publication. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.
Comprehensive guide to box construction, materials and design.
Canadian Conservation Institute. 1995. Basic Care of Books. CCI Note N11/7. Ottawa: CCI.
Guidelines for storage and handling of books.
Canadian Conservation Institute. 1983. Protective Enclosures for Books and Paper Artifacts. CCI Note N11/1. Ottawa: CCI.
Includes instructions for slip-cases, boxes, and portfolios.
Kulka, Edward. 1995. Archival Enclosures: A Guide. Ottawa: Canadian Council of Archives.
Summary and interpretation of existing standards, specifications and recommendations for archival storage materials. Chapters on Enclosures for paper records and Books and Pamphlets. Includes information on suppliers, a glossary and annotated bibliography.
Vine, Mark G. and William K. Hollinger. 1993. Active Archival Housing. Restaurator 14(3): 123-130.
Zeier, Franz. 1983. Books, Boxes and Portfolios: Binding, Construction and Design, Step-by-Step. Ingrid Li, trans. New York: Design Press.
Table of contents
ISO 9184-1: 1990. Paper, Board and Pulps - Fibre Furnish Analysis -Part 1: General Method.
Scope: This part of ISO 9184 specifies the general performance of the test for fibre furnish analysis...of paper, board or pulps...applicable to all kind of pulps and to most papers and boards...less suitable to highly impregnated or highly coloured papers or boards...
ISO 9184-2: 1990. Paper, Board and Pulps - Fibre Furnish Analysis -Part 2: Staining Guide.
Scope: This part of ISO 9184 is a guide for choosing the appropriate staining tests for the performance of fibre furnish analysis of paper, board and pulps.
ISO 9184-3: 1990. Paper, Board and Pulps - Fibre Furnish Analysis -Part 3: Herzberg Staining Test.
Scope: This part of ISO 9184 specifies the preparation, use and colour reactions of Herzberg stain in fibre furnish analysis. It should be use din conjunction with ISO 9184-1 and, if necessary, with other staining tests defined in ISO 9184-2. The Herzberg staining test is applicable to the qualitative and quantitative differentiation between chemical, mechanical and rag pulps...
ISO 9184-4: 1990. Paper, Board and Pulps - Fibre Furnish Analysis -Part 4: Graff "C" Staining Test.
Scope: This part of ISO 9184 specifies the preparation, use and colour reactions of Graff "C" stain in fibre furnish analysis. It should be used in conjunction with ISO 9184-1 and, if necessary, with other staining tests defined in ISO 9184-2. The field of application of the Graff "C" stain is very large: it allows the identification of almost all the common papermaking fibres. However, this is based upon very minute differences...calls for great deal of training and experience...
ISO 9184-5: 1990. Paper, Board and Pulps - Fibre Furnish Analysis -Part 5: Lofton-Merritt Staining Test (Modification of Wisbar).
Scope: This part of ISO 9184 specifies the preparation, use and colour reactions of Lofton-Merritt stain in fibre furnish analysis. It should be use din conjunction with ISO 9184-1 and, if necessary, with other staining tests defined in ISO 9184-2. The Lofton-Merritt staining test is applicable to the qualitative and quantitative differentiation of the following pulps:
ASTM D 1129 - 90. 1990. Standard Terms Relating to Water.
No scope statement.
ASTM D 1193 - 91. 1991. Specification for Reagent Water.
Scope: This specification covers requirements for water suitable for use in methods of chemical analysis and physical testing. Four grades are specified...
CPPA Standard Z.1 Recommended 1948. Revised 1992. Preparation and Adoption of Standard Testing Methods.
ISO 186: 1994. Paper and Board - Sampling to Determine Average Quality.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method of obtaining a representative sample from a lot of paper or board for testing to determine whether or not its average quality complies with set specifications ...
ISO 187: 1990. Paper, Board and Pulps - Standard Atmosphere for Conditioning and Testing and Procedure for Monitoring the Atmosphere and Conditioning of Samples.
Scope: This International Standard specifies the standard atmosphere for conditioning, and for testing pulp, paper and board, and also the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.
ASTM D 585 - 86. Reapproved 1992. Method for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, or Related Product.
Scope: This method covers a procedure for obtaining a sample to represent a lot of paper or paperboard, fiberboard, or related product, including converted paper products...
ASTM D 685 - 92a. 1992. Standard Method of Conditioning Paper and Paper Products.
Scope: This method defines the standard atmospheres for normal preconditioning, conditioning, and testing of paper and paper products, paperboard, fiberboard, and containers made from them. It also specifies procedures for handling these materials in order that they may reach equilibrium with the respective atmosphere...
CPPA Standard A.3. Recommended Method 1942. Revised 1973. Sampling Pulp, Paper and Paperboard for Testing.
Scope: This method describes the general procedure for the sampling of pulp, paper and paperboard from a lot or shipment for testing purposes...
CPPA Standard A.4. Approved Method 1942. Revised 1990. Conditioning Paper or Paperboard for Testing in a Standard Atmosphere.
Scope: This standard defines the specifications for a standard atmosphere and procedures for the conditioning of samples.
Note: Related Methods ISO 187-1977 (E)...TAPPI T402 om-83
TAPPI T 400 om-90. 1990. Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, or Related Products.
Scope: This method describes a procedure for obtaining a sample to represent a lot of paper or paperboard, containerboard, or related product, including converted paper products...
TAPPI T 402 om-88. 1988. Standard Conditioning and Testing Atmospheres for Paper, Board, etc.
Scope: This test method defines the standard atmospheres for normal preconditioning, conditioning, and testing of paper and paper products, paperboard, fiberboard, and containers made from them...
ASTM D-5663 - 95. Standard Guide for Validating Recycled Content in Packaging Paper and Paperboard.
Scope:
ASTM D 1030 - 76. Reapproved 1990. Test Method for Fiber Analysis of Paper and Paperboard.
Scope: This test method covers the identification of the kinds of fibers present in a sample of paper and their quantitative estimation...
CPPA Standard B.2P. Proposed Method 1961. Revised 1981. Preparation of Slides for the Microscopic examination of Fibres.
Scope: This standard relates to the preparation of slides for the microscopic examination of fibres. It is applicable to slush and dried pulp, most types of papers and finely divided wood...suitable for qualitative and quantitative examinations.
CPPA Standard B.3P. Proposed Method 1962. Revised 1988. Wood Fibre Identification According to Pulping Process.
Scope: This method covers the identification of the pulping processes that have been used for the preparation of fibres present in a sample of pulp or paper...
CPPA Standard B.7. Recommended Method 1961. Quantitative Analysis of Fibre Mixtures.
This method applies to the quantitative analysis of mixtures of fibres which can be distinguished from one another with reasonable certainty by any means including morphological characteristics, size, evident mechanical damage from the pulping process or reaction to stains.
TAPPI T 259 om-88. 1988. Species Identification of Nonwood Plant Fibers.
Scope: The fibrous elements of the nonwood plant species which are commonly used in papermaking...may be identified on the basis of their morphology as revealed by the microscope...
TAPPIT 401 om-88. 1988. Fiber Analysis of Paper and Paperboard.
Scope: This method provides a procedure for the identification of the kinds of fibers present in a sample of paper or paperboard and their quantitative estimation...
CGSB CAN/CGSB - 9.0 No.2-93. 1993. Methods of Testing Pulp and Paper: The Determination of Freeness.
Scope:
1.2 The procedure was originally designed to yield a test value suitable primarily for the control of manufacture of groundwood pulp. It is also widely used to follow the changes in drainage rate of various chemical pulps during beating or refining.
1.3 Treatments which produce a large proportion of fines may sometimes cause an anomalous rise of freeness (false freeness) usually at values below 100 mL.
1.4 Freeness values do not necessarily correlate with the drainage behaviour of pulp material on a commercial paper machine.
CPPA Standard C.1. Approved 1940. Revised 1981. The Determination of Freeness.
The Canadian Standard Freeness test is designed to give a measure of the rate at which a dilute suspension of pulp may be dewatered. The drainage rate, or freeness, has been shown to be related to the surface conditions and swelling of the fibres, and is a useful index of the amount of mechanical treatment given to the pulp...
CPPA Standard C.2. Recommended Method 1948. Revised 1990. The Laboratory Beating of Pulp (Valley Beater Method).
This procedure may be used to define the papermaking quality of pulp by subjecting it to treatment in standardized laboratory beater according to a definite schedule...
Scope: The procedure may be used on any pulp material.
Scope: Related Method TAPPI T200 om-85.
CPPA Standard C.3H. Recommended 1945. Reissued as Historical Method 1980. Laboratory Processing of Pulp (Pebble Mill Method).
This method concerns the processing of pulp by means of a laboratory pebble mill prior to its forming handsheets for the purpose of determining its behaviour when subjected to a definite beating schedule...
Scope: This method is particularly useful in the evaluation of glassine-type wood pulps.
CPPA Standard C.7. Recommended Method 1972. The Laboratory Processing of Pulp (PFI Mill)
Scope: This method describes the processing of pulp by means of the PFI Mill...
TAPPI T 200 om-89. 1989. Laboratory Processing of Pulp (Beater Method).
Scope: This procedure is used to define the papermaking quality of the pulp, by subjecting it to a controlled mechanical treatment in a laboratory beater...The method may not give satisfactory results with certain extremely long-fibered pulps, such as cotton fibers...
TAPPI T 248 cm-85. 1985. Laboratory Beating of Pulp (PFI Method).
Scope: This method describes the processing of pulp by means of the PFI mill to evaluate pulp quality for papermaking.
TAPPI T 262 om-89. 1989. Preparation of Mechanical Pulps for Testing.
Scope: This method describes a procedure for the preparation of mechanical pulps prior to physical testing...
CAN/CGSB - 9.0 No.4-92. 1992. Methods of Testing Pulp and Paper: Tensile Breaking Properties of Paper and Paperboard (Using Constant Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus).
CAN/CGSB - 9.0 No.7-93. 1993. Methods of Testing Pulp and Paper: Grammage of Paper and Paperboard.
CAN/CGSB - 9.0 No.9-93. 1993. Methods of Testing Pulp and Paper: Air-Dry Weight Determination of Wood Pulp.
Scope: This method describes a procedure, using constant rate-of-elongation equipment, for determining three tensile breaking properties of paper and paperboard, namely: (1) tensile strength, (2) stretch, and (3) tensile energy absorption...The method is applicable to all types of paper and board within the limitations of the instruments used. It does not apply to high stretch creped papers or combined corrugated board.
ISO 534: 1988. Paper and Board - Determination of Thickness and Apparent Bulk Density or Apparent Sheet Density.
Scope: This International Standard specifies two methods of measuring the thickness of paper and board and of calculating the apparent bulk density or the apparent sheet density from the thickness determinations...
ISO 536: 1976. Paper and Board - Determination of Grammage.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method of determining the grammage of paper and board.
ISO 1924-1: 1992. Paper and Board - Determination of Tensile Properties - Part 1: Constant Rate of Loading Method.
Scope: This part of ISO 1924 specifies a method of measuring the tensile strength of paper and board using an instrument operating at a constant rate of application of tensile force (constant rate of loading)...also specifies methods for calculating the breaking length and tensile index. It applies, within the limitations of the instruments used, to all papers and boards with the exception of corrugated board, but may be applied to the components of such board...
ISO 1924-2: 1994. Paper and Board - Determination of Tensile Properties - Part 2: Constant Rate of Elongation Method
Scope: This part of ISO 1924 specifies a method of measuring the tensile strength, stretch at break and tensile energy absorption of paper and board using a test instrument operating at a constant rate of elongation...also specifies methods for calculating the tensile index, the tensile energy absorption index and the modulus of elasticity... applies to all papers and boards...also applies to the components of corrugated board but not, however, to corrugated board itself.
ISO 1974: 1990. Paper - Determination of Tearing Resistance (Elmendorf Method).
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for determining the tearing resistance of paper. It can also be used for light boards ...does not apply to corrugated fibreboard, but it may be applied to the components of such boards. It is not suitable for determining the cross-direction tearing resistance of highly directional paper (or board).
ISO 2758: 1983. Paper - Determination of Bursting Strength.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for measuring the bursting strength of paper submitted to increasing hydraulic pressure.
ISO 2759: 1983. Board - Determination of Bursting Strength.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for measuring the bursting strength of board submitted to increasing hydraulic pressure.
ISO 5626: 1993. Paper - Determination of Folding Endurance.
Scope: This International Standard specifies the methods for the determination of folding endurance of paper using Kohler Molin, Lhomargy, MIT and Schopper testers...does not state any preference for any particular method.
ISO 5630-1: 1991 Paper and Board - Accelerated Ageing - Part 1: Dry Heat Treatment at 105°C.
Scope: This part of ISO 5630 specifies a method for accelerated the ageing of paper and board by dry heat treatment at 105°C..not applicable to certain high purity papers. This part of ISO 5630 does not give any preference for the tests to be made on the paper or board...
ISO 5630-2: 1985. Paper and Board - Accelerated Ageing - Part 2: Moist Heat Treatment at 90°C and 25% Relative Humidity.
Scope: This part of ISO 5630 specifies a procedure for humidified heat treatment of paper or board and the general procedure for testing the heat treated materials. This method is based on work on printing and writing papers, but may be used with discretion for other types of paper and board. The procedure is not recommended for papers such as resin-impregnated or varnish-treated which increase in physical strength on heating.
ISO 5630-3: 1986. Paper and Board - Accelerated Ageing - Part 3: Moist Heat Treatment at 80°C and 65% Relative Humidity.
Scope: This part of ISO 5630 specifies a procedure for high moisture heat treatment of paper or board and the general procedure for testing the heat-treated materials. This method is based on work on printing and writing papers, but may be used with discretion for other types of paper or board...
ISO 5630-4: 1986. Paper and Board - Accelerated Ageing - Part 4: Dry Heat Treatment at 120 or 150°C.
Scope: This part of ISO 5630 specifies a procedure for heat treatment of paper and board at relatively high temperature and the general procedure for testing the heat-treated material. It is primarily intended for high purity papers such as are used for insulation in electrical equipment...
ISO 5633- 1983. Paper and Board - Determination of Resistance to Water Penetration.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of paper and board to water penetration under standard conditions.
ISO 5635: 1978. Paper - Measurement of Dimensional Change after Immersion in Water.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method of measuring the dimensional change of paper after immersion in water. This property should not be confused with hydro-expansivity.
ISO 5636-1: 1984. Paper and Board - Determination of Air Permeance (Medium Range) - Part 1: General Method.
Scope: This part of ISO 5636 specifies basic requirements for apparatus and general operating procedures for determining the air permeance of paper and board in the medium air permeance range.
ISO 5636-2: 1984. Paper and Board - Determination of Air Permeance (Medium Range) - Part 2: Schopper Method.
Scope: This part of ISO 5636 specifies the method of determining the air permeance of paper and board in the medium air permeance range using the Schopper apparatus.
ISO 5636-3: 1992. Paper and Board - Determination of Air Permeance (Medium Range) - Part 3: Bendtsen Method.
Scope: This part of ISO 5636 specifies the method of determining the air permeance of paper and board in the medium air permeance range using the Bendtsen apparatus...
ISO 5636-4: 1986. Paper and Board - Determination of Air Permeance (Medium Range) - Part 4: Sheffield Method.
Scope: This part of ISO 5636 specifies a method of measuring the rate of flow of air through unit area of a sheet of paper or board, under unit pressure difference...
ISO 5636-5: 1986. Paper and Board - Determination of Air Permeance (Medium Range) - Part 5: Gurley Method.
Scope: This part of ISO 5636 specifies a method of measuring the air permeance of paper and board using the measurement principle known as "Gurley"...
ISO 8226-1: 1994. Paper and Board - Measurement of Hygroexpansivity - Part 1: Hygroexpansivity up to a Maximum Relative Humidity of 68%.
Scope: This part of ISO 8226 specifies a method for the determination of the hygroexpansivity of paper and board when subjected to a change in the relative humidity...applicable to paper and board generally...not, however, suitable for crepe papers and corrugated fibreboard.
ISO 8226-2: 1990. Paper and Board - Measurement of Hygroexpansivity - Part 2: Hygroexpansivity up to a Maximum Relative Humidity of 86%.
Scope: This part of ISO 8226 specifies a method for the determination of the hygroexpansivity of paper and board when subjected to a change in the relative humidity...applicable to paper and board generally...not, however, suitable for crepe papers and corrugated fibreboard.
ISO 11004: 1992. Paper and Board - Determination of Air Permeance -Low Range.
Scope: This International Standard specifies a method of determining the air permeance of paper and board in the low air permeance range...
ASTM D 528 - 87. Reapproved 1992. Standard Test Method for Machine Direction of Paper and Paperboard.
Scope: This test method covers four procedures for determining the machine direction of most grades of paper and paperboard, embodying the principle that machine direction alignment of fibers results in:
ASTM D 643 - 69. Reapproved 1974. Standard Test Method for Folding Endurance of Paper by the Schopper Tester.
This method was discontinued in 1980. See TAPPI T 423.
ASTM D 644 - 89. 1989. Standard Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and Paperboard by Oven Drying.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the moisture in all papers, paperboards, and paperboard and fiberboard containers, except those containing matter other than water that is volatile at 105°C...
Note: This test method is technically equivalent to TAPPI T412-83.
ASTM D 645 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Method for Thickness of Paper and Paperboard.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the thickness of paper and paperboard except electrical insulating papers...
ASTM D 646 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Method for Grammage of Paper and Paperboard (Weight per Unit Area).
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the grammage of paper and paperboard (weight per unit area)...The French term for mass per unit area, "grammage", is recommended by ISO Committee TC 6 on Paper for use in English as well as in French because of its convenience and clear relationship to grams per square metre.
ASTM D 689 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper.
Scope: This test method measures the force perpendicular to the plane of the paper required to tear multiple sheets of paper through a specified distance after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf tearing tester. The measured results can be used to calculate the approximate tearing resistance of a single sheet... In the case of a single sheet of paper, the tearing resistance is measured directly.
This test method is not suitable for determining the cross-directional tearing resistance of highly directional boards and papers...
ASTM D 774 - 92a. 1992. Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper.
Scope: This test method covers measurements of the bursting strength of paper and paper products occurring as single or laminated flat sheets not over 0.025 in. (0.6 mm) in thickness having a bursting strength of 30kPa up to 1400 kPa (4 psi up to 200 psi).
This test method is not intended for use in testing corrugated boxboard, liner board, or hardboards that tend to cut the thin rubber diaphragm...
ASTM D 776 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Method for Determination of Effect of Dry Heat on Properties of Paper and Board.
Scope: This test method specifies the procedure for dry heat treatment of paper or board and the general procedure for testing the heat-treated materials. The purpose is to obtain, by an accelerated test, inferences about the aging qualities.
This test method is based on work performed on printing and writing papers but may be used with discretion for other types of papers and boards...
ASTM D 828 - 87. 1987. Test Method for Tensile Breaking Strength of Paper and Paperboard.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the tensile breaking strength of papers and paperboards. Related methods include Test Methods D 829 and D987.
ASTM D 1795 - 90. 1990. Standard Test Method for Intrinsic Viscosity of Cellulose.
Scope: This test method covers the determination of the intrinsic viscosity of purified celluloses such as bleached wood pulps, cotton linters, and regenerated cellulose...
ASTM D 2176 - 89. 1989. Test Method for Folding Endurance of Paper by the M.I.T. Tester.
Scope: This test method describes the use of thew M.I.T.-type folding apparatus for determining endurance of paper...This test method is the technical equivalent of TAPPI T 511.
ASTM D 4714 - 92. 1992. Standard Test Method for Determination of Effect of Moist Heat (50% Relative Humidity and 90°C) on Properties of Paper and Board.
Scope: This test method covers the procedure for humidified (50% relative humidity and 90°C) heat treatment of paper or board and the general procedure for testing the heat-treated materials. The purpose is to obtain, by an accelerated test, inferences about the aging qualities of the paper.
This test method is based on work performed on printing and writing papers but may be used with discretion for other types of papers and boards...
Copyright. The National Library of Canada. (Revised: 1996-12-11).