History of Nova Scotia
with special attention given to
Communications and Transportation
Chapter 81
2004 January – 2005 December
Index with links to the other chapters
2004 March 1-12
Traffic Lights Converted to LEDs
During the first two weeks of March 2004, the five sets of traffic lights in New Minas, Kings County, were converted from incandescent lamps to LEDs (light-emitting diodes), as the light source for the green-yellow-red lights that govern trafffic flow through highway intersections.
These traffic lights are installed along Commercial Street (Highway One) at the 101 Connector/Cornwallis River Crossing, Highbury Road, Prospect Road, Valley View Drive and Cornwallis Avenue.
These conversions were part of a provincial program to change all provincially-operated traffic lights from incandescent to LEDs. The LEDs save money two ways, through reduced energy consumption and longer intervals between replacements of the light source. The new lights use about 87 per cent less energy than the bulbs they replace and last five to seven times longer. The LED life span is about ten years, compared to incandescent lights which last about 18 months. (The government did not release information about the initial cost of LEDs.)
http://www.gov.ns.ca/news/details.asp?id=20030610006
http://www.gov.ns.ca/energy/documents/lednewsrelease.pdf
http://www.gov.ns.ca/energy/documents/LEDfactsheet2.pdf
http://www.cee1.org/gov/led/led_brochure.pdf
A 30cm-diameter [12 inch] traffic light requires 135 watts of incandescent light, compared to 12 watts for the same-size LED. A 20cm [8 inch] traffic light requires 69 watts of incandescent light, compared to 7 watts for an LED. (These diameters are the size of the circle of coloured light displayed toward oncoming traffic.)
http://www.bchydro.com/business/implement/implement742.html
LED replacements for one set of traffic lights costs in the vicinity of $4000 more or less depending on the complexity of the intersection, such as turn arrows and pedestrian signals. Green and yellow LEDs cost about twice as much as same-sized red LEDs.
Early red LEDs used gallium arsenide (GaAs) and, for super bright red, aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs). More recently, aluminum indium gallium phosphide has emerged as a material for making red, amber, and yellow LEDs. The first compound used to produce shorter-wavelength colors like blue and green was gallium nitride (GaN), but this compound tended to contain impurities or defects in its crystalline structure that increased with time, which rapidly dimmed the light output of LEDs based on it. Today's longer-lasting green LEDs used in traffic signals lights are based on indium gallium nitride (InGaN) – an alloy of indium nitride and gallium nitride that is less sensitive to crystalline defects.
LED Colour Charts
http://www.ledtronics.com/datasheets/Pages/led_color_chart/38.htm
http://www.oksolar.com/led/led_color_chart.htm
LED Traffic Signal Technology: Comparison of Traffic Signal Requirements
http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/lightingTransformation/
led/LEDTrafficSignalComparison.asp
LED Traffic Signals Get the Geen Light, Fall 2002
Berkeley Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
In 1999, red was the only color of LED light available. Since then, industry has developed the capability to produce cost-effective green and amber lights...
http://www.coe.berkeley.edu/forefront/fall02/led.html
2004 June 17 (Eleven days before the election)
Federal General Election
On The Internet
Nominations closed: 2:00pm 7 June 2004
Election date: 28 June 2004
Federal Party Campaign Websites
Conservative Party of Canada
http://www.conservative.ca/
Liberal Party of Canada
http://www.liberal.ca/
http://web1.liberal.ca/
http://www.paulmartin.ca/
http://www.paulmartintimes.ca/
http://www.on.liberal.ca/
(All five URLs point to the same site.)
Liberal Party of Canada's online headquarters in Nova Scotia
http://www.liberal.ns.ca/
New Democratic Party of Canada
http://www.ndp.ca/
Other Registered Political Parties
(listed alphabetically)
All of these URLs were working as of 17 June 2004
Bloc Quebecois
http://blocquebecois.org/
Canadian Action Party
http://www.canadianactionparty.ca/
Christian Heritage Party of Canada
http://www.chp.ca/
http://www.chpelection.ca/
Communist Party of Canada
http://www.communist-party.ca/
Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)
Registered for elections purposes as the Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada
http://www.cpcml.ca/
Green Party of Canada
http://www.greenparty.ca/
http://green.ca/
Libertarian Party of Canada
http://www.libertarian.ca/
Marijuana Party
http://marijuanaparty.org/
http://marijuanaparty.com/
Progressive Canadian Party
http://www.pcparty.org/
Other Political Parties
(not registered with Elections Canada)
All of these URLs were working as of 17 June 2004
Natural Law Party
http://www.natural-law.ca/
Socialist Party of Canada
http://www.worldsocialism.org/canada/
Western Canada Concept Party
http://www.westcan.org/
...While in West Nova recently, I was surprised by the strength and breadth of Arthur Bull's NDP campaign. Bull is the only local candidate who not only advertises his website on many of his posters but also uses technology to inform voters of the issues...
— Political scientist Agar Adamson in the Kentville Advertiser, Tuesday, 15 June 2004
...Setting up a website is now part of the price that a candidate pays for entry into the political game. That said, not every website is created equal. There are better websites and there are worse websites, and each party running in this year's federal campaign here in Canada has carved out a distinct web identity...
— Commentator Dan Brown in Rating the Party Websites
CBC News Analysis and Commentary, Tuesday, 1 June 2004
http://www.cbc.ca/canadavotes/analysiscommentary/columns/danbrown010604.html
Election Websites by Citizens
Canadian Political Parties by Alex Ng of Burnaby, a private enthusiast who maintains an excellent webpage listing all Canadian political parties, federal and regional...
http://home.ican.net/~alexng/can.html
Canada 2004: Canada's Updated Federal Election Resource
http://www.nodice.ca/election2004/
Canadian Federation of Students Federal Elections Information Centre
http://www.cfs-fcee.ca/vote2/index_dev_en.html
Federal Political Parties in Canada by Trevor Tymchuk
http://www.altstuff.com/federal.htm
Candidates Nominated in Nova Scotia
Conservative Party of Canada
http://www.conservative.ca/
|
17 June 2004
Conservative Candidates in Nova Scotia
Candidates nominated in all eleven ridings.
http://www.conservative.ca/english/search_ridding_province.asp
("ridding" is the Conservative Party's spelling!)
|
Cape Breton - Canso
Kenzie MacNeil
cbcanso@seaside.ns.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Conservative Party candidates list.
|
Central Nova
Peter MacKay
No e-mail is mentioned in the official
Conservative Party candidates list.
Peter MacKay campaign website: http://www.votemackay.ca/
|
Dartmouth - Cole Harbour
Michael MacDonald
mike@dartmouthcoleharbour.ca
Michael MacDonald campaign website: http://www.dartmouthcoleharbour.ca/
|
Halifax
Kevin Keefe
ken@kenmacphee.ca
Kevin Keefe campaign website: http://www.kevinkeefe.ca/
|
Halifax West
Ken MacPhee
ken@kenmacphee.ca
Ken MacPhee campaign website: http://www.kenmacphee.ca/
|
Kings - Hants
Bob Mullan
info@bobmullan.com
Bob Mullan campaign website: http://www.bobmullan.com/
|
North Nova
Bill Casey
No e-mail address could be found.
Bill Casey campaign website: http://www.billcasey.ca/
(No campaign website is mentioned in the official Conservative Party candidates list.)
|
Sackville - Eastern Shore
Steven Streatch
info@stevestreatch.ca
Steven Streatch campaign website: http://www.stevestreatch.ca/
|
South Shore - St. Margaret's
Gerald Keddy
No e-mail address could be found.
Gerald Keddy campaign website:
http://www.geraldkeddy.ca/
http://www.geraldkeddymp.ca/
(Both URLs point to the same website.)
|
Sydney - Victoria
Howie MacDonald
sydney.victoria@ns.sympatico.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Conservative Party candidates list.
|
West Nova
Jon Carey
kingston@joncarey.com
Jon Carey campaign website: http://www.joncarey.com/
|
|
Liberal Party of Canada
http://www.liberal.ca/
|
17 June 2004
Liberal Candidates in Nova Scotia
Candidates nominated in all eleven ridings.
http://www.liberal.ca/tm_candidates_e.aspx
|
Cape Breton - Canso
Rodger Cuzner
cuzner@teammartin.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Liberal Party candidates list.
|
Central Nova
Susan Green
greens@teammartin.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Liberal Party candidates list.
|
Dartmouth - Cole Harbour
Michael Savage
savagm@teammartin.ca
mike@mikesavage.ca
Michael Savage campaign website: http://www.mikesavage.ca/
|
Halifax
Sheila Fougere
fouges@teammartin.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Liberal Party candidates list.
|
Halifax West
Geoff Regan
regang@teammartin.ca
geoff@geoffregan.com
Geoff Regan campaign website: http://www.geoffregan.com/
(No campaign website is mentioned in the official Liberal Party candidates list.)
|
Kings - Hants
Scott Brison
info@brison.ca
Scott Brison campaign website: http://www.brison.ca/
|
North Nova
Dianne Brushett
brushd@teammartin.ca
dianne@diannebrushett.ca
amherst@diannebrushett.ca
Dianne Brushett campaign website: http://www.diannebrushett.ca/
|
Sackville - Eastern Shore
Dale Stevens
steved@teammartin.ca
contact@dalestevens.ca
Dale Stevens campaign website: http://www.dalestevens.ca/
|
South Shore - St. Margaret's
John Chandler
chandj@teammartin.ca
John Chandler campaign website: http://www.johnchandler.ca/
|
Sydney - Victoria
Mark Eyking
eykinm@teammartin.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Liberal Party candidates list.
|
West Nova
Robert Thibault
robert.thibaultlib@ns.aliantzinc.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Liberal Party candidates list.
|
|
New Democratic Party of Canada
http://www.ndp.ca/
|
17 June 2004
NDP Candidates in Nova Scotia
Candidates nominated in all eleven ridings.
http://www.liberal.ca/tm_candidates_e.aspx
|
Cape Breton - Canso
Shirley Hartery
shirleyhartery@ndp.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official NDP candidates list.
|
Central Nova
Alexis MacDonald
alexis@alexismacdonald.ca
Alexis MacDonald campaign website: http://www.alexismacdonald.ca/
|
Dartmouth - Cole Harbour
Susan MacAlpine-Gillis
susanmacndp@eastlink.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official NDP candidates list.
|
Halifax
Alexa McDonough
alexa@alexahfx.ca
Alexa McDonough campaign website: http://www.alexahfx.ca/
|
Halifax West
Bill Carr
billcarr@ndp.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official NDP candidates list.
|
Kings - Hants
Skip Hambling
electskip@ns.aliantzinc.ca
Skip Hambling campaign website: http://www.skipw5.ca/
|
North Nova
Margaret Sagar
sagarndp@eastlink.ca
Margaret Sagar campaign website: http://users.eastlink.ca/~sagarndp/
|
Sackville - Eastern Shore
Peter Stoffer
peterstoffer@ndp.ca
Peter Stoffer campaign website: http://www.peterstoffer.ca/
|
South Shore - St. Margaret's
Gordon Earle
gordonearle@ndp.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official NDP candidates list.
|
Sydney - Victoria
John Hugh Edwards
johnhughedwards@ndp.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official NDP candidates list.
|
West Nova
Arthur Bull
mailinfo@arthurbull.ca
Arthur Bull campaign website: http://www.arthurbull.ca/
|
|
Green Party of Canada
http://www.greenparty.ca/
|
17 June 2004
Green Party Candidates in Nova Scotia
Candidates nominated in all eleven ridings.
http://www.greenparty.ca/index.php?
module=fatcat&fatcat[user]=viewCategory&fatcat_id=26
|
Cape Breton - Canso
Seumas Gibson
wenmacgibson@yahoo.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
Central Nova
Rebecca Steeves-Mosher
az545@chebucto.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
Dartmouth - Cole Harbour
Michael Marshall
gpcns@chebucto.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
Halifax
Michael Oddy
fernythicket@ns.sympatico.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
Halifax West
Martin Willison
greenmartinwillison@yahoo.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
Kings - Hants
Kevin Stacey
greenkevin2004@hotmail.com
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
North Nova
Sheila Richardson
srichardson@greenparty.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
Sackville - Eastern Shore
David Fullerton
fullerton_david@hotmail.com
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
South Shore - St. Margaret's
Katie Boudreau
kboudreau@greenparty.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
Sydney - Victoria
Chris Milburn
greenparty@ns.sympatico.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
West Nova
Matt Granger
hollie298@msn.com
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Green Party candidates list.
|
|
Progressive Canadian Party
http://www.pcparty.org/
|
17 June 2004
Progressive Canadian Party Candidates in Nova Scotia
Candidates nominated in three ridings.
http://www3.ns.sympatico.ca/corylagencies/political/candidates.htm
|
Dartmouth - Cole Harbour
Tracy Parsons
parsonst@pcparty.org
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Progressive Canadian Party candidates list.
|
North Nova
Jack Moors
jackmoors@hotmail.com
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Progressive Canadian Party candidates list.
|
Sackville - Eastern Shore
Greg Moors
gmoors@sympatico.ca
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Progressive Canadian Party candidates list.
|
|
Marijuana Party
http://www.marijuanaparty.org/
|
17 June 2004
Marijuana Party Candidates in Nova Scotia
Candidate nominated in one riding.
http://www.marijuanaparty.org/article.php3?id_article=99
|
Sydney - Victoria
Cathy Theriault
No e-mail and no campaign website is mentioned in
the official Marijuana Party candidates list.
|
|
Christian Heritage Party
http://www.chp.ca/
|
17 June 2004
Christian Heritage Party Candidates in Nova Scotia
Candidate nominated in one riding.
http://www.chpelection.ca/pages/ns.html
|
Kings - Hants
James Hnatiuk
chpns@hotmail.com
No campaign website is mentioned in the official Christian Heritage Party candidates list.
|
|
Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada
http://www.cpcml.ca/
|
17 June 2004
Marxist-Leninist Party Candidates in Nova Scotia
Candidate nominated one riding.
http://www.cpcml.ca/mlpc/candidates2004.html
|
Dartmouth - Cole Harbour
Charles Spurr
novascotia@cpcml.ca
Note: No known candidate's campaign website.
|
|
17 June 2004
Independent Candidates in Nova Scotia
Independent candidates nominated in two ridings.
|
Kings - Hants
Richard Hennigar
Note: No known email address or candidate's campaign website.
|
Sydney - Victoria
Chris Gallant
Note: No known email address or candidate's campaign website.
|
|
2004 December 13
200th Anniversary
Joe Howe's Birth
13 December 1804
Who Is Joe Howe? by the Nova Scotia government
http://www.gov.ns.ca/snsmr/askjoe/
2005
240th Anniversary
Old Meeting House
Barrington 1765
One of the oldest surviving buildings
in English-speaking Canada
Photographs: Old Meeting House, 1765 Shelburne County
http://ns1763.ca/shelbco/barrmeethse.html
2005 August
Broadband (High Speed) Internet Access
Economic Impact in Parrsboro
(HTML Executive Summary)
Broadband Economic Impact Study Final Report: Impacts of Broadband in Churchill, Manitoba, and Parrsboro, Nova Scotia
...In Parrsboro, the BRAND program at Industry Canada, the Town of Parrsboro and the local Cumberland Regional Economic Development Agency collaborated to bring the telephone company's broadband service into the community in November 2004, now followed by the introduction of cable broadband...
(PDF Complete Report)
Broadband Economic Impact Study Final Report: Impacts of Broadband in Churchill, Manitoba, and Parrsboro, Nova Scotia
Study Findings for Parrsboro, Nova Scotia . . . . . . pages 19-28
...In Parrsboro, 60% of organizations reported having their own website. Of those, 67% manage their own website ... There are a surprising number of local seniors who are using broadband, despite conventional thinking that the technology is geared toward the young. The take-up among older residents has been surprising to Aliant...
What is Broadband?
Broadband Internet access by Wikipedia
Broadband Internet access, often shortened to "broadband Internet" or just "broadband", is a high data-transmission rate internet connection ... There is no specific bitrate defined by the industry as "broadband". The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has defined broadband as 256 kilobits per second in at least one direction and this bit rate is the most common baseline that is marketed as "broadband" around the world.
In 2005, the usual alternative (non-broadband) internet connection service available in Nova Scotia (and throughout North America) was
dial-up which operated over normal twisted-pair telephone lines with no additional infrastructure on top of the ordinary telephone network. The nominal speed of a standard dial-up connection was 56 kilobits per second, but these often operated at a slightly slower speed, about 40-50 kilobits per second.
2005 August 13
50th Anniversary
Official Opening of the
Canso Causeway
Canso Causeway 50th Anniversary website
http://www.cansocauseway.ca/
Index with links to the other chapters
Go To: History of Electric Power Companies in Nova Scotia
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/300/nova_scotias_electronic_attic/07-04-09/www.littletechshoppe.com/ns1625electric.html
Go To: History of Automobiles in Nova Scotia
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/300/nova_scotias_electronic_attic/07-04-09/www.littletechshoppe.com/ns1625automobiles.html
Go To: History of Telegraph and Telephone Companies in Nova Scotia
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/300/nova_scotias_electronic_attic/07-04-09/www.littletechshoppe.com/ns1625telephone.html
Go To: History of Railway Companies in Nova Scotia
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/300/nova_scotias_electronic_attic/07-04-09/www.littletechshoppe.com/ns1625railways.html
Go To: Index to other online Nova Scotia History
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/300/nova_scotias_electronic_attic/07-04-09/www.littletechshoppe.com/ns1625histindx.html
Go To: Home Page
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/300/nova_scotias_electronic_attic/07-04-09/www.littletechshoppe.com/ns1625index.html
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Latest update: 2006 June 10