Soil and Water Conservation

1. Introduction
2. Soil
   • What is soil?
   • Soil formation
   • Soil composition
   • Soil physical properties
   • Soil properties management
3. Water
   • Hydrologic cycle
   • Infiltration
   • Evaporation and transpiration
   • Irrigation
   • Drainage
4. Erosion
   • Introduction to soil erosion
   • Process of erosion
   • Run-off
   • Factors influencing the extent of erosion
   • Types of erosion
   • Predicting erosion
5. Water contamination
   • Sources of water contamination
   • Phosphorus
6. Other problems related to agricultural practices
   • Soil compaction
   • Soil crusting
   • Some other adverse effects of agricultural practices
7. Soil and water conservation
   • Techniques to promote soil and water conservation
     1. good land planning
     2. good farm management
        1. terracing
        2. interseeding
        3. crop rotation
        4. strip cropping
        5. vegetative buffer strips
        6. cover crops
        7. crop residues
        8. contour cropping
        9. limited livestock access to watercourses
        10. tillage practices
        11. grassed waterways
        12. wetlands
        13. windbreaks and shelters
     3. Water protection management
        1. watercourse protection practices at the watershed scale
        2. profile
   • Implanting a new philosophy toward soil conservation
     1. Inform and educate
     2. Conflict resolution
     3. Elaborate policy and laws in soil and water conservation
     4. Help for the farmer
8. Sources