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Surface fresh water can be described according to two distinct categories: lentic (standing water) and lotic (running water). Lentic environments include surface waters, such as lakes, ponds and wetlands. Lotic environments comprise rivers and streams. Freshwater environments also occur as continuously moving groundwater which has percolated through the upper layer of soil to underground storage areas (aquifers). Groundwater can naturally flow above ground as a spring.
This Topic deals with surface and underground aquatic freshwater environments. Wetlands are discussed in T8.3.
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Additional Keywords:
autotrophic organisms, phytoplankton, periphyton, heterotrophic organisms, Carboniferous lowlands, Triassic lowlands, Bay of Fundy, Glacial Lakes, Oxbow Lakes, Levee Lakes, Solution Lakes, Barrier Lakes, Barachois Lakes, Beaver Ponds, Dammed reservoirs, Excavated lakes, Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, Eutrophic, dystrophic, clearwater, brownwater, eutrophication, littoral, hydrosere, limnetic, profundal, epilimnion, hypolimnion, metalimnion, thermal stratification, thermocline, intervale species, Musquodoboit River, designated floodway, ferromanganese, manganese nodules, Pseudomonas, acidification, arsenopyrite, pyrites, Meromictic lakes, pH, artesian, perched water table, brine springs, karst topography